Kuverenga Muganho weParallelogram
Parallelogram imufananidzo wakaenzana unowanzoonekwa muzvidzidzo zvemasvomhu, kunyanya mu geometry. Chimiro chayo chinonyatsozivikanwa nekuti ine mapeya maviri emativi akafanana. Kunyangwe zvichiita sezviri nyore, parallelogram ine pfungwa yakakosha inobatsira mukuverenga kwakawanda, senge kuverenga perimeter nenzvimbo. Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, pfungwa yeperimeter yeparallelogram inogona kushandiswa kune zvinodiwa zvakasiyana, senge kuverenga kureba kwefuremu, fenzi, dhizaini yemagadzirirwo epasi, kana zvinodiwa nezvinhu zvinotevera chimiro chakatsveyama. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura maitiro ekuverenga perimeter yeparallelogram zvakajeka, pamwe nekutsanangurwa kwepfungwa, fomura, uye matambudziko emuenzaniso kuti zvive nyore kunzwisisa.
Kuziva Parallelograms
Tisati taverenga perimeter, tinofanira kunzwisisa kuti chii chinonzi parallelogram. Parallelogram i quadrilateral (ine mativi mana) ine mapeya maviri emativi akafanana. Kunze kwekunge yakafanana, mativi akatarisana akaenzanawo pakureba. Izvi zvinoreva kuti kana tikaisa mazita kumativi e parallelogram sekumusoro, pasi, kuruboshwe, uye kurudyi, zvinoreva kuti divi repamusoro rakafanana nekureba kwerutivi rwepasi, uye divi rekuruboshwe rakafanana nekureba kwerutivi rwerudyi.
Chimwe chinhu chinoratidza parallelogram ndechekuti makona ayo akatarisana akaenzana. Kana kona yekuruboshwe yepazasi iri madhigirii makumi matanhatu, ipapo kona yekururudyi yepamusorowo iri madhigirii makumi matanhatu. Panguva imwe chete, makona ari pedyo anogara achiwedzera kusvika madhigirii zana nemakumi masere. Kunyange zvazvo makona aya akakosha mu geometry, kuti tiverenge perimeter, tinonyanya kutarisa kureba kwemativi.
Chii chinonzi Kutenderera?
Perimeter ihuwandu hwehurefu hwemativi ese emufananidzo wepuraneti. Nemamwe mashoko, kana tikafamba-famba pamucheto wemufananidzo, daro rinofambwa ndiro denderedzwa. Pfungwa iyi inoshanda kune ese ma plane figures, kusanganisira matriangles, masikweya, ma rectangles, trapezoids, uye parallelograms.
Muchikamu cheparallelogram, nekuti mativi akatarisana akaenzana, kuverenga perimeter kuri nyore. Hatidi kuwedzera mativi mana akasiyana; panzvimbo pezvo, tinongowedzera mativi maviri ari pedyo towedzera neaviri.
Fomura yeParalelogram Perimeter
Ngatitii parallelogram ine:
– Kureba kwehwaro = a
– Kureba kwe hypotenuse (kana divi) = b
Nekuti mativi akatarisana akaenzana kureba, saka:
– Rutivi rwepamusoro = a
– Rutivi rwezasi = a
– Rutivi rweruboshwe = b
– Rutivi rwerudyi = b
Saka muganhu weparallelogram ndewekuti:
K = a + b + a + b
Kana zviri nyore:
K = 2a + 2b
kana
K = 2(a + b)
Ndiyo fomura yekutanga yemuganhu weparalelogram. Fomura iyi iri nyore kushandisa chero bedzi uchiziva hurefu hwemativi maviri akasiyana: hwaro nerutivi rwekumativi.
Matanho Ekuverenga Kutenderera
Kuti kuverenga kuve kwakarongeka zvakanyanya, heano matanho:
1. Ziva hwaro (a)
Hwaro hunowanzova rutivi runoshandiswa se "hwaro" mumufananidzo, asi chaizvoizvo chero divi rinogona kuva hwaro chero bedzi riine chimiro chakafanana.
2. Ziva divi (b)
Rutivi irwo rutivi rwakatarisana nehwaro, runowanzo tenderera.
3. Shandisa fomura K = 2(a + b)
Wedzera a na b kutanga, wobva wawedzera mhedzisiro yacho ne2.
4. Nyora zvikamu nemazvo
Kana divi riri mu cm, zvinoreva kuti denderedzwa ririwo mu cm; kana riri mu mamita, zvinoreva kuti mhedzisiro yacho iri mu mamita.
Mibvunzo yemuenzaniso nekukurukurirana
Muenzaniso 1
Parallelogram ine hwaro hwe 12 cm uye divi re 7 cm. Verenga muganhu wayo.
Mhinduro:
– a = 12 cm
– b = 7 cm
Kutenderedza:
– K = 2(a + b)
– K = 2(12 + 7)
– K = 2(19)
– K = 38 cm
Saka, muganhu weparallelogram i38 cm.
Muenzaniso 2
Parallelogram ine mativi ari pedyo ane hurefu hwemamita gumi nemashanu nepfumbamwe. Muganho wayo chii?
Mhinduro:
– a = 15 m
– b = 9 m
Kutenderedza:
– K = 2(15 + 9)
– K = 2(24)
– K = 48 m
Saka, denderedzwa racho i48 m.
Muenzaniso 3 (Dambudziko reNyaya)
Bindu rakaita separallelogram rine hurefu hwepasi hwemamita makumi maviri uye hurefu hweparutivi hwemamita gumi nematatu. Muridzi webindu anoda kuisa fenzi yakakomberedza bindu. Mamita mangani efenzi anodiwa?
Mhinduro:
Sezvo fenzi yakaiswa yakakomberedza bindu, kureba kwefenzi kwakafanana nemuganhu webindu.
– a = 20 m
– b = 13 m
Kutenderedza:
– K = 2(20 + 13)
– K = 2(33)
– K = 66 m
Saka, fenzi inodiwa mamita makumi matanhatu nematanhatu.
Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika Pakuverenga Muganho weParallelogram
Kunyangwe fomura iri nyore, dzimwe zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika, semuenzaniso:
1. Kushandisa kukwirira kwe hypotenuse
Vadzidzi vazhinji vanovhiringidza kukwirira kweparallelogram nerutivi rweparallelogram. Kureba uku kunoshandiswa kuverenga nzvimbo, kwete perimeter. Perimeter inoda kureba kwerutivi, kwete kukwirira, kunze kwekunge kukwirira kwakaenzana nerutivi (chinhu chakakosha).
2. Wedzera hwaro nekukwirira
Fomura yekutenderera haisi 2(hwaro + kureba), asi 2(hwaro + divi).
3. Ndakanganwa kuwanza ne2
Kune avo vanongowedzera a + b vasingapedzisire ne2, saka mhedzisiro yacho inongova hafu yedenderedzwa.
4. Chiyuniti chisina kururama
Kana mativi acho akasangana mu cm ne m, mhedzisiro yacho ichave isina kururama. Ita shuwa kuti hurefu hwese huri muyuniti imwe chete usati waverenga.
Mazano Anokurumidza Ekuyeuka Mafomula
Nzira iri nyore yekurangarira izvi ndeiyi:
Muganho weparallelogram wakafanana nemuganho werectangle kana uchitariswa kubva pa "mapeya maviri emativi akaenzana". Saka, ingoyeuka:
Mhenderekedzo = 2 × (rutivi rurefu + rutivi rupfupi)
Muchikamu cheparallelogram, "rutivi rurefu" runowanzova hwaro, uye "rutivi rupfupi" irutivi rwekumativi (kana kuti zvinopesana, zvichienderana nehukuru). Pfungwa ndeyekuti mativi maviri ari pedyo.
Penutup
Kuverenga perimeter yeparallelogram inyanzvi yakakosha mu geometry. Nekuti parallelogram ine mapeya maviri emativi akaenzana ekureba kwakaenzana, fomura yeperimeter yayo iri nyore: P = 2(a + b). Nekuziva kureba kwehwaro nemativi eparutivi, tinogona kuverenga perimeter nekukurumidza uye nemazvo. Kuburikidza nemienzaniso nehurukuro, tinodzidzawo kudzivirira zvikanganiso zvakajairika zvakaita sekushandisa kukwirira se hypotenuse. Tinovimba kuti chinyorwa chino chinokubatsira kunzwisisa pfungwa yeperimeter yeparallelogram uye chinogona kuishandisa kumatambudziko emasvomhu nezvinodiwa zvezuva nezuva.
Kana muchida, ndinogonawo kugadzira mimwe mibvunzo yekudzidzira ine makiyi emhinduro kuti munzwisise zviri mukati meparallelogram.
