Maitiro Ekuona Maitiro Edata
Muzviverengero zvepakutanga, modhi imwe nzira yekuyera tendency yepakati, pamwe chete nepakati nepakati. Modhi inowanzoshandiswa nekuti iri nyore kunzwisisa uye inokurumidza kuverenga, kunyanya kana tichida kuwana kukosha kunowanzoitika museti yedata. Muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva, pfungwa yemodhi inogona kushandiswa kuona saizi yezvipfeko zvinotengwa zvakanyanya, rudzi rwemotokari inoshandiswa zvakanyanya, mamaki ebvunzo epamusoro, uye kunyange chigadzirwa chakakurumbira. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura zvakadzama maitiro ekuona modhi yemhando dzakasiyana dzedata: data rimwe chete, data rakabatanidzwa, uye mamiriro akakosha akadai sedata re bimodal ne multimodal.
Nzira Yokunzwisisa
Iyo modhi ndiyo data value ine frequency yakanyanya, zvichireva kuti inoonekwa kakawanda kupfuura mamwe ma values. Iyo modhi yakakodzera data rehuwandu (nhamba) uye qualitative (categorical), senge mavara aunofarira kana mhando dzechikafu dzinosarudzwa zvakanyanya.
Muenzaniso uri nyore:
Data: 2, 3, 3, 4, 5
Kukosha kunowanzoonekwa kazhinji i3 (kunoonekwa kaviri), saka modhi = 3.
Zvisinei, haasi data rese rine modhi. Mamwe data ane ma values ese anoonekwa zvakaenzana, saka hapana modhi. Uyezve, mamwe data ane modhi dzinopfuura imwe chete.
Mhando dzeMamodhi
Usati wapinda mumatanho ekuverenga, zvakakosha kunzwisisa kusiyana kwemamodhi:
1. Unimodal: kukosha kumwe chete ndiko kunonyanya kuonekwa (single mode).
2. Bimodal: kune ma values maviri anowanzoonekwa kakawanda.
3. Multimodal: kune mavalues anopfuura maviri anowanzoonekwa.
4. Haina modhi: zvese zvinoonekwa nefrequency imwe chete.
Kunzwisisa mhando idzi dzemaitiro kunotibatsira kududzira data nemazvo.
Maitiro Ekuziva Maitiro Edata Rimwe Chete
Data rimwe chete idata rakanyorwa sezvariri, harina kurongwa muzvikamu. Matanho ekutsvaga maitiro edata rimwe chete ari nyore kwazvo:
Matanho:
1. Ronga data (zvichida) kubva padiki kusvika pakuru kuti zvive nyore kuona.
2. Verenga kuwanda kwekuitika kwechinhu chimwe nechimwe.
3. Sarudza kukosha kwehuwandu hukuru kupfuura hwese semodhi.
Muenzaniso:
Data rezvibodzwa zvebvunzo: 70, 80, 75, 80, 90, 80, 85, 75
Kakawanda:
– 70: kaviri
– 75: kaviri
– 80: kaviri
– 85: kaviri
– 90: kaviri
Nekuti 80 ndiyo inonyanya kuonekwa (katatu), modhi = 80.
Muenzaniso weBimodal:
Data: 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4
Mafrequency 2 ne3 ese ari maviri akakwirira (kaviri), saka modhi = 2 ne3 (bimodal).
Muenzaniso Usina Maitiro:
Data: 5, 6, 7, 8
Maitiro ese anoonekwa kamwe chete. Saka, data harina modhi.
Maitiro Ekuona Mode muGrouped Data
Mukuita, huwandu hwakawanda hwedata hunowanzo pfupikiswa mudata rakabatanidzwa muchimiro chetafura yekugovera frequency, kureva kuti, data rakabatanidzwa muzvikamu zvekirasi (semuenzaniso, 60–69, 70–79, nezvimwewo). Mudata rakabatanidzwa, modhi haigone kutorwa zvakananga kubva kunhamba chaiyo, asi inosarudzwa kuburikidza nekirasi yemodhi uye inogona kufungidzirwa uchishandisa fomura.
1. Sarudza Kirasi yeMode
Kirasi yemode ndiyo nguva yekirasi ine frequency yakakura kwazvo.
Tafura yemuenzaniso:
| Nguva Yekukosha | Kuwanda |
|—|—:|
| 40–49 | 3 |
| 50–59 | 6 |
| 60–69 | 10 |
| 70–79 | 8 |
| 80–89 | 5 |
Mafrequency akanyanya kupfuura ese i10 pakati pe60–69, saka kirasi yemode = 60–69.
2. Kuverenga Mode neGrouped Data Formula
Fomura yemhando yedata rakabatanidzwa inowanzoshandiswa:
\[
Mo = L + \left(\frac{d_1}{d_1 + d_2}\right)\times p
\]
Information:
– Mo = modhi (kukosha kwemodhi inofungidzirwa)
– L = mupendero wepasi wekirasi yemodhi
– p = urefu hwekirasi (upamhi hwepakati)
– d₁ = kuwanda kwekirasi yemodhi − kuwanda kwekirasi yapfuura
– d₂ = kuwanda kwekirasi yemodhi − kuwanda kwekirasi inotevera
Muenzaniso weKuverenga:
Kubva patafura yapfuura:
– Kirasi yemodhi: 60–69, maitikiro = 10
– Kirasi yapfuura: 50–59, kakawanda = 6
– Kirasi inotevera: 70–79, kakawanda = 8
Tsanangura zvikamu:
– L = muganho wakaderera wekirasi yemode = 59,5 (sezvo muganho wakaderera uri 60, muganho wakaderera = 59,5)
– p = 10
– d₁ = 10 − 6 = 4
– d₂ = 10 − 8 = 2
Pinda mufomura:
\[
Mo = 59,5 + \left(\frac{4}{4+2}\right)\times 10
\]
\[
Mo = 59,5 + \kuruboshwe(\frac{4}{6}\kurudyi)\kawa 10
\]
\[
Mo = 59,5 + 6,67 = 66,17
\]
Saka, modhi yedata rakarongwa ndeye ≈ 66,17. Iyi ifungidziro yemodhi kukosha muchikamu che60–69.
Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika Pakutsvaga Mode
Kunyangwe nzira yacho ichitaridzika seyakareruka, pane zvikanganiso zvakawanda zvinoitika:
1. Fungidzira kuti modhi iripo nguva dzose
Zvisinei, data racho rinogona kunge risina kukosha kunowanzoitika.
2. Kusaverenga frequency nokungwarira
Mudata rimwe chete, kuverenga zvisina kunaka mafrequency kunogadzira nzira isiriyo.
3. Kusarudza kirasi yemodhi zvisirizvo
Mudata rakabatanidzwa, kirasi yemode inofanira kunge iri iyo ine frequency yakakura kwazvo.
4. Kusaziva zvakanaka mupendero wepasi nehurefu hwekirasi
Mufomura yedata rakarongwa, muganho wepasi (L) hausi muganho wepasi wakajairika, asi muganho wepasi wekirasi (semuenzaniso 59,5 yekirasi 60–69).
Ndeipi nguva yakakodzera kushandisa Mode?
Nzira iyi inobatsira zvikuru kana:
– Data riri muchimiro chezvikamu (semuenzaniso rudzi, ruvara, rudzi rwechinhu).
- Tinoda kuziva sarudzo dzinonyanya kufarirwa.
– Data iri rine kukosha kwakanyanya kunogona kukanganisa avhareji.
- Kugoverwa kwedata hakuna kuenzana uye avhareji/avhareji haimiriri zvakanyanya.
Semuenzaniso, kana vanhu gumi vaine mari yakawanda, avhareji inogona "kukwidzwa" kumusoro. Muzviitiko zvakadaro, nzira iyi inogona kupa mufananidzo wakazara wemari inowanikwa.
Penutup
Kuziva nzira yedata inyanzvi huru yekuverenga data inobatsira pakuongorora zviri nyore uye pakuita sarudzo. Kune seti dzedata rimwe chete, nzira iyi inowanikwa nekutarisa kukosha kunowanzoitika. Kune seti dzedata dzakarongwa, nzira iyi inotorwa kubva mukirasi ine frequency yepamusoro uye inogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa fomura kuti uwane fungidziro chaiyo. Nekunzwisisa matanho, unogona kugadzirisa data nekukurumidza uye kuwana ruzivo rwakakosha kubva ku seti yedata.
Kana muchida, ndinogonawo kuita mibvunzo yemuenzaniso yekudzidzira pamwe chete nehurukuro (data rimwe chete uye data rakabatanidzwa) kuitira kuti munzwisise zviri nani maitiro ekusarudza modhi.
