Nhanganyaya kuManagement yeVadzidzi
Kutungamira inzira inokosha muhupenyu hwevanhu, mune zvemunhu uye zvebasa. Kune vadzidzi, kunyanya avo vanodzidza nezvebhizinesi, zvehupfumi, kana zvekutonga, kunzwisisa kwekutungamira kwakakosha kuti vabudirire mune ramangwana. Chinyorwa chino chichapa sumo yakazara yekutungamira, ichikurukura pfungwa huru, mabasa ekutungamira, uye kukosha kwekudzidza kwekutungamira kuvadzidzi.
Tsanangudzo yeKutarisira
Kutungamira kunogona kutsanangurwa senzira yekuronga, kuronga, kutungamira, uye kudzora zviwanikwa zvesangano kuti zvizadzise zvinangwa zvinobudirira uye zvinobudirira. Kutungamira hakungoshandi chete mumamiriro ebhizinesi, asiwo kune mamwe mabasa akasiyana-siyana akadai sedzidzo, hutano, hurumende, uye masangano asiri epurofiti. Henry Fayol, mumwe wevanhu vekare vekutungamira, akataura kuti kutonga inzira yezviito zvinosanganisira kuronga, kuronga, kutungamira, kubatanidza, uye kudzora.
Mabasa Ekutarisira
1. Kuronga
Kuronga ndiro danho rekutanga muhurongwa hwekutarisira, rinosanganisira kutsanangura zvinangwa uye kusarudza nzira yakanakisisa yekuzadzisa zvinangwa. Mukati mekuronga, vatungamiriri vanofanira kuona mikana, kuongorora mamiriro ezvinhu, uye kuita sarudzo dzakarongeka. Pasina kuronga kwakakodzera, sangano rinorasikirwa negwara nechinangwa, zvichiita kuti zviome kuwana mhedzisiro inodiwa.
2. Kuronga
Kuronga kunosanganisira kuronga zviwanikwa nemabasa mukati mesangano kuti zvizadzise zvinangwa zvakatarwa. Izvi zvinosanganisira kupatsanurwa kwevashandi, kugoverwa kwemabasa, uye kudyidzana pakati pemayuniti ebasa. Chinangwa chikuru chekuronga ndechekugadzira hurongwa hunoshanda uye hunobudirira uye kuona kuti nhengo dzese dzechikwata dzinonzwisisa mabasa avo nemabasa avo.
3. Kutungamira
Kutungamira ibasa rekutungamira rinosanganisira kukurudzira, kukurudzira, uye kutaurirana kuti ritungamirire nhengo dzechikwata mukuzadzisa zvinangwa zvesangano. Maneja anofanira kutungamira nekupa gwara rakajeka, kukurudzira vashandi, uye kugadzirisa chero kusawirirana kungamuka. Hunyanzvi hwakanaka hwekutungamira hwakakosha pakugadzira nzvimbo yebasa yakanaka uye inobudirira.
4. Kudzora
Kudzora ibasa rekutarisira rine chinangwa chekutarisa nekuyera mashandiro esangano uye kuona kuti zvinangwa zvinozadzikiswa zvichienderana nehurongwa. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kuunganidza data, kuongorora mashandiro, uye kutora matanho ekugadzirisa kana zvichidikanwa. Kudzora kunobatsira vatungamiriri kuona matambudziko nekukurumidza uye kutora matanho ekugadzirisa.
Nzira dzekutarisira
1. Maitiro Ekare
Maitiro echinyakare ekutungamira anosanganisira dzidziso dzakabuda mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 kusvika kutanga kwezana remakore rechi20. Vanhu vakakosha mumaitiro aya vanosanganisira dzidziso yesainzi yekutungamira yaFrederick Taylor, dzidziso yehutungamiriri yaHenri Fayol, uye dzidziso yehutungamiriri yaMax Weber. Maitiro echinyakare anosimbisa kushanda zvakanaka, hunyanzvi, uye kupatsanurwa kwevashandi.
2. Maitiro eSainzi yeMaitiro
Maitiro aya anosimbisa kukosha kwezvinhu zvevanhu mukutungamira. Dzidziso iyi yakabuda semhinduro kune nzira yekare, iyo yaionekwa seyakanyanya kushandisa michina. Vanhu vakakosha mumaitiro aya vanosanganisira Elton Mayo nekuyedza kwake kweHawthorne naDouglas McGregor neDzidziso yake X naY. Maitiro esainzi yemaitiro anosimbisa kukosha kwekukurudzira, kutaurirana, uye hutungamiriri mukuvandudza mashandiro esangano.
3. Maitiro eSisitimu
Maitiro ehurongwa anoona masangano semaitiro ane zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinodyidzana. Maitiro aya anosimbisa kukosha kwekunzwisisa kuti zvinhu zvehurongwa zvinodyidzana uye zvinopesvedzerana sei. Maitiro ehurongwa anotarisawo zvinhu zvekunze zvinopesvedzera sangano, zvakaita setekinoroji, hupfumi, netsika.
4. Nzira yeKugadzirisa Zvingangoitika
Nzira yekutarisira zvinhu panguva yenjodzi inosimbisa kuti hapana imwe nzira yakanakisisa yekutarisira sangano. Asi, nzira yekutarisira inoshanda zvakanyanya inoenderana nemamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo nemamiriro ezvinhu. Nzira iyi inosimbisa kukosha kwekushanduka-shanduka uye kuchinjika mumamiriro ezvinhu kana tichitarisana nekuchinja kwezvakatipoteredza.
Kukosha kweKutarisira kweVadzidzi
1. Nzwisisa Maitiro Ebhizinesi
Kune vadzidzi vanofarira kushanda mubhizinesi kana mamwe mabasa ane chekuita neizvi, kunzwisisa manejimendi kwakakosha. Kutungamira kunobatsira vadzidzi kunzwisisa mashandiro emasangano, maitirwo esarudzo, uye kuti zviwanikwa zvinogoverwa sei kuti zvinangwa zvizadziswe.
2. Kuvandudza Hunyanzvi hweHutungamiriri
Kudzidza manejimendi kunoita kuti vadzidzi vakwanise kutungamira. Unyanzvi uhwu hunokosha kwete kubasa chete asiwo muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Hutungamiriri hwakanaka hunobatsira vanhu kutungamira, kukurudzira, uye kukurudzira vamwe zvakanaka.
3. Kuvandudza Kugona Kwekuita Sarudzo
Kutungamira kunosanganisira kuita sarudzo dzakawanda, padanho rehurongwa uye rekushanda. Vadzidzi vanodzidza nezvekutungamira vachadzidza maitiro ekuita sarudzo dzine musoro zvichibva pakuongorora data neruzivo rwuripo. Unyanzvi uhwu hwakakosha pakutarisana nematambudziko nemikana munzvimbo yebasa.
4. Kushongedzerwa neruzivo rwemadhipatimendi akasiyana-siyana
Kutungamira inzvimbo ine mabasa akawanda, inosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita semari, kushambadzira, zviwanikwa zvevanhu, uye mashandiro. Nekudzidza manejimendi, vadzidzi vachawana ruzivo rwakakura muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemasangano. Ruzivo urwu runokosha mukuvandudza basa rinobudirira uye rakaenzana.
5. Kuvandudza hunyanzvi hwekufunga zvakadzama uye zvine chekuita nekuongorora
Kudzidza manejimendi kunosanganisira kuongorora, kuongorora, uye kugadzirisa matambudziko akawanda. Unyanzvi hwekufunga zvakadzama uye hwekuongorora hunovandudzwa kuburikidza nezvidzidzo zvemanejimendi huchava hunokosha kuvadzidzi, mumabasa edzidzo uye mumamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo ebasa.
Mhedziso
Kutungamira inzira yakakosha kuvadzidzi, kunyanya avo vanofarira bhizinesi nehupfumi. Nekunzwisisa pfungwa huru nemabasa ekutungamira, vadzidzi vachave vakagadzirira zvakanaka kubudirira munyika yehunyanzvi. Kutungamira kunobatsira vadzidzi kunzwisisa maitiro ebhizinesi, kukudziridza hunyanzvi hwehutungamiriri, kusimudzira kugona kwekuita sarudzo, nezvimwe. Munyika iri kuramba ichioma uye ichichinja-chinja, hunyanzvi hwekutungamira huri kuramba huchikosha pakuzadzisa zvinangwa zvemunhu nehunyanzvi. Naizvozvo, mudzidzi wese anofanira kudzidza manejimendi sechikamu chedzidzo yake.
