Mashandisirwo eCobalt Metal muIndasitiri yeZvishandiso zveKucheka
Cobalt isimbi ine hunyanzvi inoita basa rakakosha muindasitiri yemazuva ano, kunyanya muindasitiri yekugadzira, iyo inoda michina chaiyo. Muindasitiri yezvishandiso zvekucheka, cobalt inozivikanwa sechinhu chinobatanidza simbi chinogona kuvandudza kusimba kwekupisa, kuomarara, uye kusakara. Nokudaro, cobalt inowanzo shandiswa mumhando dzakasiyana dzezvishandiso zvekucheka—kubva pazvidhinha zvekuboorera nezvigayo zvekupedzisira kusvika kumachisel elathe nezvishandiso zvekucheka—zvinoshanda mumamiriro ezvinhu akaomarara akadai sekukweshana kwakanyanya uye tembiricha yakakwira.
Ziva hunhu hwe cobalt
Panyaya yechinhu, cobalt ine hunhu hwakanaka hwemakanika uye hwekupisa sechikamu chealloy. Cobalt ine nzvimbo yekunyunguduka yakakwira (inenge 1.495°C), kugadzikana kwakanaka kwekupisa, uye kugona kuchengetedza kuomarara pakupisa kwakanyanya. Mumaitiro ekucheka simbi, kupisa kunokonzerwa nekukweshana pakati pechishandiso nechishandiso chebasa kunogona kunge kwakanyanya. Kana chinhu chekucheka chikasakwanisa kuchengetedza kuomarara kwacho, mucheto wekucheka uchakurumidza kudzima, kushanduka kwepurasitiki kuchaitika, kana kutotsemuka. Cobalt inobatsira kudzivirira mamiriro aya.
Cobalt ine basawo mukugadzira chimiro che microstructure chakasimba mune mamwe ma alloys. Izvi zvinoreva kuti maturusi ekucheka anosimba zvakanyanya kana achinge abatwa ne shock loads, high rotational speed, kana kuti achicheka nguva nenguva (semuenzaniso, mu milling processes dzinocheka nzvimbo dzine nguva yekumira).
Basa re cobalt muHSS (High Speed Steel)
Imwe yenzira dzinozivikanwa dzekushandisa cobalt muindasitiri yezvishandiso zvekucheka ndeyesimbi inokurumidza (HSS). HSS inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukugadzira ma drill bits, matepi, reamers, uye milling cutters. Cobalt inowedzerwa kuHSS kuti iwedzere kuoma kwayo kutsvuku, kugona kwesimbi kuramba yakasimba kunyangwe tembiricha yekucheka ikakwira.
Muenzaniso unowanzoonekwa i cobalt HSS, inowanzonzi "HSS-E" kana "cobalt HSS," giredhi rine cobalt 5% kusvika 8%. Kuwanda kwe cobalt uku kunobvumira maturusi ekucheka eHSS kushanda nekukurumidza kupfuura HSS yakajairika, kunyanya pakucheka zvinhu zvakaoma kushandisa muchina zvakaita sesimbi isingatsvedzeri, simbi yesimbi, kana zvinhu zvinobata zvakanyanya.
Zvakanakira zve cobalt HSS zvinosanganisira:
1. Kudzivirira kupisa kuri nani, saka mucheto wepamusoro unodzivirira kusviba.
2. Nguva refu yekushandisa zvishandiso mukushandiswa kwakaoma.
3. Kushanda kwakagadzikana mukucheka kunokonzera kupisa kwakanyanya.
4. Inodzivirira kupfava, izvo zvinowanzova kusasimba kweHSS yakajairwa.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti kuomarara kwakanyanya uye kuramba kupisa kunogonawo kuita kuti chinhu chacho chisanyanya kusimba kana dhizaini yechishandiso uye parameters yekucheka zvisina kukodzera. Saka, kusarudza geometry chaiyo yechishandiso uye nzira yekucheka ichiri kukosha.
Cobalt iri mu carbide yakagadzirwa nesimende (carbide yakagadzirwa nesintered)
Kunze kweHSS, cobalt inoita basa rakakosha pakucheka zvishandiso zvinonzi cemented carbide kana sintered carbide—zvinowanzo shandiswa pa tungsten carbide (WC). Mu sintered carbide, cobalt haishande sechinhu chikuru chinoomesa, asi sechinhu chinosunga chinosunga zvidimbu zve carbide pamwe chete kuita chimiro chakasimba uye chakasimba.
Zvidimbu zveWC zvakaoma uye hazvipfeki, asi kana pasina chibatiso chakakodzera, chinhu chacho chinova chisina kusimba. Cobalt ine musanganiswa wezvinhu zvinotevera:
- Kusimba kunowedzera, zvichiita kuti chishandiso chisanyanya kutsemuka.
- Simba rekubatana riri nani pakati pegranular, zvichikanganisa simba rechisel.
- Kuramba kubatwa neshock loads, kunyanya pakucheka nguva nenguva.
Muindasitiri yezvishandiso zvekucheka, zvishandiso zvecarbide zvekutenderedza nekugaya zvinowanzogadzirwa zvine cobalt binder composition chaiyo. Hunhu hwe cobalt hunokanganisa hunhu hukuru hwechishandiso:
– Cobalt yakakwirira → yakasimba, yakakodzera kukwesha kana zvinhu zvinokonzera kuvhunduka.
– Cobalt yakaderera → yakaoma uye inodzivirira kupera, yakakodzera kupedzisa uye kumhanya kwakanyanya, asi inopfava.
Saka, cobalt inova chinhu chakakosha mu "kugadzirisa" kuenzana pakati pekudzivirira kusakara uye kusimba mu carbide inserts.
Ma superalloys akavakirwa paCobalt ekushandisa zvakakosha
Kunze kwekuva chinhu chinosanganisa simbi inomhanya zvakanyanya (HSS) kana kuti chinosunga simbi mumakabhohaidhiretsi, cobalt ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mukugadzira mamwe ma superalloys. Kunyange zvazvo ichinyanya kushandiswa muma turbine, mundege, uye muzvikamu zvinopisa zvakanyanya, mamwe maturusi ekucheka anonyanya kushandiswa anoshandisawo ma cobalt-based alloys nekuda kwekusakwanisa kupisa, oxidation, uye ngura.
Panyaya yezvishandiso zvekucheka, cobalt alloys dzimwe nguva inoshandiswa muzvikamu zvinoda kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya kana nzvimbo dzekushanda dzine makemikari akawandisa. Kunyange zvazvo zvisiri zvakakurumbira seHSS kana carbide, cobalt superalloys inopa mhinduro yekushandiswa kwakaoma zvakanyanya.
Mhedzisiro ye cobalt pakushanda kwekucheka
Mukuita machining, cobalt inobatsira pakucheka mashandiro echishandiso kuburikidza nenzira dzinoverengeka huru:
1. Inochengetedza kupinza kwenguva refu
Sezvo kupisa kuchiwedzera, chishandiso chinodzivirira kupfava chicharamba chichishanda zvakanaka. Izvi zvinoderedza kuwanda kwekurodza kana kutsiva nechinhu.
2. Deredza njodzi yekukundikana kwekupisa
Munguva yekucheka nekukurumidza, kunoitika zvinhu zvinopisa kana kutonhora, kunyanya kana pachishandiswa chinhu chinotonhodza. Zvinhu zvisina simba pakurwiswa nekupisa zvinogona kutsemuka. Cobalt inobatsira kuvandudza kusimba kwemamiriro ezvinhu aya, kunyanya muzvimiro zvecarbide zvine binder chaiyo.
3. Wedzera kugona
Zvishandiso zvekucheka zvinogona kushanda nekumhanya kwakanyanya zvine chekuita zvakananga nekugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Kunyange hazvo michina yacho ichidhura zvakanyanya, mutengo wese wechinhu chimwe nechimwe unogona kunge wakaderera nekuda kwekudzikira kwenguva yekugadzirisa uye nguva yekusashanda.
4. Kuenderana kwemhando yepamusoro
Kushanda kwemuchina wemazuva ano usingakurumidzi kupera kunoita kuti pave nemhando yepamusoro yakafanana. Izvi zvakakosha mumaindasitiri anoda kushivirira kwakasimba, senge mota, mold & die, uye kugadzirwa kwakanyatsojeka.
Matambudziko: mutengo, kuwanikwa, uye hutano
Pasinei nemabhenefiti ayo makuru, kushandiswa kwecobalt kunounzawo matambudziko akati wandei. Panyaya dzehupfumi, cobalt isimbi ine mutengo unochinja-chinja nekuda kwekuwanikwa kwayo pasi rose, kudiwa kwemaindasitiri, uye nyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika. Indasitiri yezvishandiso zvekucheka inofanira kuyera zvinodiwa pakushanda kwayo nekushandisa mari zvakanaka, zvichikonzera hunyanzvi hwakadai sekugadzirisa huwandu hwecobalt, kushandisa machira epamusoro, kana kugadzira zvimwe zvinosunga.
Uyezve, kubva pakuona kwekuchengetedzwa kwebasa, guruva re cobalt nemamwe macompounds anogona kuva nengozi kana akafemerwa kwenguva yakareba. Mukugadzira upfu hwesimbi, kukuya, kana kugocha, kudzora guruva, kufefetera kwakakodzera, uye kushandisa PPE yakakodzera zvakakosha. Izvi hazvirevi kuti cobalt "yakarambidzwa," asi zvinosimbisa kukosha kwekutarisira OHS munzvimbo dzekugadzira.
Maitiro: machira uye mainjiniya ekuchengetedza cobalt
Indasitiri yezvishandiso zvekucheka iri kuramba ichichinja, uye cobalt ichiri chinhu chakakosha, asi kushandiswa kwayo kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera "kungwara." Zvishandiso zvakawanda zvemazuva ano zvecarbide zvine machira akadai seTiAlN, AlCrN, kana mamwe machira ane layer yakawanda kuti awedzere kupisa uye kusakara. Nemachira akakodzera, zvishandiso zvinogona kuita basa rakanaka pasina cobalt yakawandisa.
Kune rumwe rutivi, mainjiniya ekugadzira zvinhu zve carbide ari kuvandudzwawo, akadai sekudzora saizi yetsanga nekugoverwa kwezvisungo, kuitira kuti chishandiso ichi chikwanise kuwana musanganiswa wakakodzera wekuomarara nekusimba. Chinangwa chikuru ndechekugadzira maturusi ekucheka asingatsvedzeri, akasimba, uye asingadhuri zvakanyanya.
Mhedziso
Cobalt isimbi inokosha muindasitiri yezvishandiso zvekucheka nekuda kwebasa rayo mukuvandudza kusimba kwekupisa, kuomarara, uye kusakara. Musimbi inomhanya zvikuru, cobalt inobatsira kuchengetedza kuomarara pakupisa kwakanyanya, zvichiita kuti chishandiso chikwanise kushandiswa nezvinhu zvakaoma uye kucheka nekukurumidza. Mucarbide yakachekwa, cobalt inoshanda sechinobatanidza, ichiwedzera kusimba uye kuvimbika kwechinhu chinoiswa. Kunyange hazvo matambudziko ane chekuita nemutengo, kuwanikwa, uye hutano hwebasa achiripo, hunyanzvi mukugadzira machira nekugadzira zvinhu huri kuita kuti cobalt ishandiswe zvakanaka.
Nekusanganiswa kwayo nehunhu hwayo hwepamusoro uye kushandiswa kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana, cobalt icharamba iri chinhu chakakosha mukugadzirwa kwezvishandiso zvekucheka zvinobudirira, zvakarurama uye zvinogara kwenguva refu munyika yekugadzira.
