Zvinhu zvesimbi zvepasi peAlkaline
Simbi dzemunyika dzine alkaline iboka rezvinhu zviri mutafura ye periodic iri mukoramu yechipiri, kana kuti boka rechipiri. Dzine zvinhu zvitanhatu: beryllium (Be), magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba), uye radium (Ra). Imwe neimwe yesimbi idzi ine zvinhu zvakawanda zvemakemikari uye zvepanyama zvinoisiyanisa nezvimwe zvinhu, asi dzinewo zvimwe zvinhu zvakafanana. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvesimbi dzemunyika dzine alkaline, kusanganisira zvinhu zvadzo, mashandisirwo adzo, uye njodzi dzakabatana nadzo.
Zvivakwa Zvakajairika
Zvimiro zvemuviri
Simbi dzemuvhu dzine alkaline isimbi dzine kupisa kwakanaka uye magetsi, pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzakanyanya kunyunguduka uye dzinofashaira, kunyangwe dziri pasi pesimbi dzinoshanduka. Dzese dzakaita sesirivha, asi pane kusiyana kudiki kwemavara pakati padzo. Semuenzaniso, beryllium igrey rakachenuruka, nepo calcium igrey rakachenuruka.
Kuwanda kwesimbi dzemunyika dzine alkaline kunosiyana kubva pane chimwe chinhu, asi kazhinji dzine huremu hwakanyanya kupfuura simbi dzine alkaline dziri muboka rekutanga. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha kucherechedzwa kuomarara; beryllium, semuenzaniso, yakaoma kupfuura magnesium kana calcium.
Zvimiro zveMakemikoro
Pamakemikari, simbi dzemunyika dzine alkaline dzinoita zvinoenderana nemvura, kunyange zvazvo zvisiri nyore kuita sesimbi dzemunyika dzine alkaline dziri muGroup 1. Dzinoumba hydroxides nehydrogen gas nekuda kwekuita kwadzo nemvura. Dzinowanzoita shanduko huru paunofamba uchidzika pasi pe periodic table kubva ku beryllium kuenda ku radium.
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinovasiyanisa kugona kwavo kugadzira ma "cations" ane chaji ye +2. Semuenzaniso, magnesium inowanzo kuumba ma "Mg²⁺ ions" painoita reactive. Izvi zvinodaro nekuti ine ma "valence electrons" maviri anogona kubviswa zviri nyore kuti pave ne "electron configuration" yakagadzikana.
Kushandiswa kwesimbi yeAlkaline Earth Metal
Beryllium (Be)
Beryllium inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana nekuda kwekuoma kwayo, simba rayo, uye kuramba kwayo ngura. Imwe yenzira huru yekushandisa ndeyekugadzira mahwindo eX-ray nekuda kwekujeka kwayo zvakanyanya kuX-rays. Pamusoro pezvo, beryllium inoshandiswa mukurongedza kwemagetsi, zvikamu zvendege, uye michina yepamusoro muindasitiri yekudzivirira neyemuchadenga.
Magnesium (Mg)
Magnesium isimbi yakareruka ine simba guru kana tichienzanisa nehuremu hwayo, zvichiita kuti ive inodiwa pakugadzira zvinhu zvendege, zvikamu zvemotokari, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoda zvivakwa zvakasimba asi zvakareruka. Uyezve, magnesium chinhu chakakosha mubiology sezvo iri chikamu chakakosha che chlorophyll, ruvara runokosha pakugadzira photosynthesis mumiti.
Karusiyamu (Ca)
Calcium inoshandiswa zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kuvaka (sechikamu chesimende nekongiri), kugadzira simbi, uye kunatsa shuga. Mubiology, calcium ndeimwe yezvinhu zvakakosha, ichiita basa mukusunga tsandanyama, kuumbwa kwemapfupa nezino, uye kutumira mashoko kumasero.
Strontium (Sr)
Strontium inowanzoshandiswa mumafireworks uye mumoto wegungwa nekuda kwekugona kwayo kugadzira ruvara rutsvuku rwakanyanya kana yapiswa. Strontium titanate inoshandiswawo mukugadzira matombo anokosha ekugadzira uye magirazi emaziso nekuda kwekuwedzera kwayo refractive index uye dispersion, iyo iri pedyo nerudzi rwemamwe madhaimani.
Barium (Ba)
Barium inoshandiswa muindasitiri yekuchera mafuta negasi sechinhu chinorema muzvinwiwa zvekuchera. Barium sulfate, iyo isinganyungudike mumvura, inoshandiswa mukurapa neX-ray sechinhu chinosiyanisa mifananidzo yenzira yekugaya.
Radhiyamu (Ra)
Radium chinhu chine radioactive chinowanikwa muhuwandu hushoma kwazvo muchisikigo. Radium yaishandiswa mukurapa kenza kare, kunyange zvazvo yakatsiviwa nema isotopes akachengeteka uye anoshanda zvakanyanya. Radium yaimboshandiswawo mupendi inopenya yemawachi nezvimwe zviridzwa, asi tsika iyi yakamiswa nekuda kwenjodzi huru dzehutano.
Njodzi uye Kudzivirira
Kunyange zvazvo simbi dzemuvhu dzine alkaline dzichibatsira zvikuru, dzinewo njodzi dzinofanira kufungwa nezvadzo.
Berillium
Kugara kwenguva refu uchisangana neguruva reberyllium kana upfu kunogona kukonzera chirwere chisingaperi chekufema chinozivikanwa sechirwere cheberyllium kana berylliosis. Ichi chirwere chakakomba zvikuru chinokanganisa mapapu uye chinogona kuuraya kana chikasarapwa. Nokudaro, kubata beryllium kunoda nzira dzakasimba dzekuchengetedza.
Magnesium
Magnesium yakachengeteka zvakakwana kushandiswa kakawanda, asi kana iri muchimiro cheupfu kana ribhoni, inogona kutsva zvakanyanya. Moto une magnesium unonetsa kudzima nekuti magnesium inosangana nemvura kuti ibudise hydrogen, iyo inogona kuwedzera simba remoto.
Karusiyamu
Calcium muchimiro chayo chakachena kana mune mamwe macompounds (semuenzaniso, calcium oxide) inogonawo kukonzera kutsamwa kweganda, maziso, uye kufema. Kushandiswa kwakachengeteka kunoda matanho akakodzera ekudzivirira pakubata zvinhu zvine chepfu.
Strontium neBarium
Kunyange zvazvo strontium mune dzimwe nzira isina njodzi, strontium ine radioactive haikurudzirwi kuti isanganiswe nevanhu. Barium yakanyungudutswa ine chepfu uye inofanira kubatwa nokungwarira. Barium sulfate isinganyunguduki inowanzo chengetedzwa uye inoshandiswa mukurapa semushonga wekuenzanisa.
radium
Radium chinhu chine mwaranzi yakawanda uye chine njodzi. Kusangana neradium kunogona kukonzera kukuvara kwenyama uye kenza inokonzerwa nemwaranzi. Kuibata kunoda mitemo yakasimba yekuderedza njodzi dzemwaranzi.
Mhedziso
Simbi dzemuvhu dzine alkaline iboka rezvinhu zvine hunhu hwakasiyana asi maitiro akajairika emakemikari. Kubva pakushandiswa kwadzo muindasitiri nebiology kusvika kunjodzi dzadzo dzehutano, simbi dzemuvhu dzine alkaline dzinoita basa rakakosha muminda yakasiyana-siyana. Hunhu hwadzo hwepanyama nemakemikari hunoita kuti dzive dzinokosha, asi dzinodawo kubatwa nekungwarira. Nekunzwisisa kwakakodzera uye matanho akakodzera ekuchengetedza, tinogona kushandisa mabhenefiti esimbi dzemuvhu dzine alkaline uku tichideredza njodzi dzadzo.
