Kushandiswa kwePhenol Compounds seAntiseptics
Makemikoro ephenolic iboka remakemikari eorganic anozivikanwa kwenguva refu kuti ane basa rekuuraya utachiona. Muhutano, phenol nezvimwe zvinobva mairi zvaimbove zvakakosha mukudzivirira hutachiona, kunyanya mumazuva ekutanga emishonga yemazuva ano yekuuraya utachiona. Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwayo kwakatsiviwa zvakanyanya nemishonga yekuuraya utachiona yakachengeteka uye isingakuvadzi nyama, kunzwisisa phenol kuchiri kukosha - maererano nenhoroondo yayo, mashandiro ayo, uye mashandisirwo ayo muzvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuuraya utachiona uye zvekuuraya utachiona.
Chii chinonzi Phenol Compounds?
Phenol chinhu chinonhuhwirira chine boka rehydroxyl (-OH) chakabatana zvakananga ne ring yebenzene. Chimiro ichi chinopa phenol hunhu hwayo hwakasiyana: kune rumwe rutivi, ine hunhu hwakafanana nedoro (nekuda kweboka re -OH), asi kune rumwe rutivi, inopesvedzerwa nekugadzikana kwe ring ye aromatic, izvo zvinowedzera mamwe maitiro. Mukuita, izwi rekuti "phenol compound" haringorevi phenol yakachena (carbolic acid), asiwo kune zvinobva mairi zvakaita se cresol, chlorophenol, thymol, hexachlorophene, uye mamwe ma phenolics akagadzirwa kuti awedzere kushanda kana kuderedza kushatirwa.
Nhoroondo yePhenol muAntiseptics
Phenol yakawana mukurumbira munhoroondo yezvekurapa kuburikidza naJoseph Lister muzana remakore rechi19. Lister akashandisa phenol kuuraya utachiona mumidziyo yekuvhiya nekuchenesa maronda, zvichideredza hutachiona hwepashure pekuvhiyiwa. Munguva iyi, kunzwisisa kwehutachiona sechikonzero chehutachiona kwakatanga kugamuchirwa nevakawanda. Maitiro aLister akaisa hwaro hwepfungwa yemazuva ano yekurwisa sepsis: kudzivirira hutachiona nekuuraya kana kudzivirira kukura kwehutachiona pamiviri mipenyu nepamusoro pemidziyo.
Kunyangwe kushandiswa kwephenol yakachena mukuchengetedza maronda kwava kushoma nekuda kwehunhu hwayo hwekuparadza uye hune chepfu, kubatsira kwayo mukuvandudza kudzora hutachiona kwave kwakakosha. Phenol yavewo "chiyero chekufananidza" chekuongorora kushanda kwemishonga mitsva inouraya utachiona kuburikidza nepfungwa ye phenol coefficient, chiyero chekushanda kwemushonga unouraya utachiona zvichienzaniswa ne phenol kurwisa mabhakitiriya chaiwo.
Maitiro Ekuita kwePhenol seMushonga Unouraya Utachiona
Basa re phenol rekuuraya utachiona rinonyanya kubva pakukwanisa kwayo kukanganisa maumbirwo akakosha mukati memasero ehutachiona. Maitiro ayo ekushanda anogona kutsanangurwa kuburikidza nemaitiro akati wandei akakosha:
1. Kuchinja kweprotein
Phenol inogona kukonzera kuti mapuroteni etupukanana arasikirwe nechimiro chawo chetatu-dimensional (denaturation). Kana mapuroteni—kusanganisira ma enzyme—akakuvara, masero haakwanise kuita maitiro akakosha ekugadzirisa muviri, zvichikonzera kumira kwekukura kana kufa kwemasero.
2. Kukuvadzwa kwemasero
Phenol ine mafuta akawanda, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kushanda pamwe chete nezvikamu zvemafuta zviri mumasero. Kudyidzana uku kunowedzera kupenya kwemasero uye kunokonzera kubuda kwezviri mukati memasero, zvichikonzera kufa kwehutachiona.
3. Kusashanda kwema enzyme
Pamusoro pekukuvadza mapuroteni, phenol inogonawo kukanganisa mashandiro emamwe ma enzymes akakosha pakuberekana nekurarama kwebhakitiriya nefungi.
Nekuda kwekushanda kwayo "kwakajairika" maererano nechimiro chemasero, phenol nezvimwe zvinobva mairi zvinogona kushanda pamarudzi akasiyana-siyana ema microorganisms. Zvisinei, kushanda kwayo kunokonzerwa zvakanyanya nekuwanda kwemasero, nguva yekubata, rudzi rwe microbe, uye kuvapo kwezvinhu zvakasikwa zvakaita seropa kana pus.
Basa reAntimicrobial Spectrum
Kazhinji, phenol inoshanda pakurwisa:
– Mabhakitiriya ane Gram-positive, ayo anowanzova nyore kubatwa nawo.
– Mabhakitiriya asina giramu, kunyange zvazvo mamwe marudzi angave akasimba.
– Fungi, kunyanya mune zvimwe zvinhu.
– Mavhairasi akaputirwa, nekuti kukuvara kwe lipid membrane kunogona kuita kuti vhairasi isashande.
Zvisinei, phenol haishande zvakanyanya pakurwisa zvipembenene zvebhakitiriya. Zvipembenene zvine chifukidziro chinodzivirira chinoita kuti zvisanyanya kurwisa mishonga yakawanda inouraya utachiona. Saka, phenol haisiyo sarudzo inofarirwa kune vanoda kuuraya utachiona zvakanyanya.
Mafomu uye Mashandisirwo ePhenol neZvinobva Kwayo
Mumazuva ano, kushandiswa kwephenol semushonga unorwisa utachiona zvakananga paganda kana maronda kwakaganhurirwa. Zvisinei, zvinhu zvinobva muphenol zvichiri kuwanikwa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zvekuchenesa nekuuraya utachiona.
1. Musanganiswa weCresol nephenolic
Cresols (o-, m-, p-cresol) dzinowanzo shandiswa semishonga yekuuraya utachiona pamusoro pemvura, kunyanya munzvimbo dzisina njodzi. Makemikari ephenolic anoshandiswawo pasi, madziro, nenzvimbo dzehutsanana nekuti dzakagadzikana uye dzinoshanda zvakanaka pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu.
2. Chloroxylenol (PCMX)
Imwe phenol derivatives inonyanya kufarirwa mumishonga inouraya utachiona ichloroxylenol, kana kuti PCMX. Chinhu ichi chinowanikwa mune zvimwe zvinwiwa zvinouraya utachiona nesipo nekuti zvakachengeteka pane phenol chaiyo, kunyange zvazvo zvichiri kukonzera kutsamwa kune vanhu vane hutachiona.
3. Thymol
Thymol i terpenoid phenol inowanikwa mumafuta e thyme. Thymol ine simba rekuuraya utachiona uye inowanzoshandiswa mukugeza mumuromo, mishonga inorwisa utachiona isina kusimba, uye mune mamwe maitiro eganda.
4. Hexachlorophene
Yakamboshandiswa mu sipo dzinouraya utachiona, asi kushandiswa kwayo kwakaganhurirwa nekuda kwenjodzi yekukuvadzwa, kunyanya muvacheche, pamwe nekukwanisa kwayo kunyura nepaganda.
Zvinofanira kuzivikanwa kuti mishonga yakawanda yephenol inonzi mishonga yekuuraya utachiona panzvimbo dzisina upenyu kupfuura mishonga yekuuraya utachiona yenyama mhenyu, zvichienderana nehuwandu hwechinhu ichi uye kuumbwa kwacho.
Mabhenefiti ePhenol Compounds
Makemikoro ephenolic ane zvakanakira zvakawanda zvinoita kuti arambe achifungwa nezvazvo munyaya dzehutano hwezvakatipoteredza:
– Inoshanda pahutachiona hwakasiyana-siyana hwakakwana.
- Yakagadzikana uye inogona kushanda mune imwe pH range.
– Basa rinoramba riripo kunyangwe paine zvinhu zvechisikigo zvishoma, kunyangwe kushanda kwaro kunogona kudzikira kana paine ivhu rakawanda.
- Mitengo yakaderera yemishonga ye phenolic disinfectant.
Nekuda kwechikonzero ichi, mishonga inouraya utachiona yephenolic ichiri kushandiswa mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji kana nzvimbo dzehutsanana, kunyangwe sarudzo yezvinhu zvinowanzo tevedzera mitemo nemirau yemunharaunda.
Zvipingamupinyi uye Njodzi dzeKushandisa
Pasinei nekushanda kwayo, phenol nezvimwe zvinobva mairi zvine zvipingamupinyi zvakakosha:
1. Zvinogumbura uye zvinoparadza
Phenol inogona kukonzera kutsamwa kweganda, maziso nekufema, uye kunyange kupiswa nemakemikari zvakanyanya.
2. Kuchetura mumuviri
Phenol inogona kunyudzwa nepaganda uye inogona kukonzera chepfu dzakadai sedzungu, kufema kunorwadza, uye kukuvara kwenhengo kana yabatwa zvakanyanya. Saka, kushandiswa kweganda kunofanira kuderedzwa zvakanyanya uye mirairo yekuchengetedza inofanira kuteverwa.
3. Kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza
Mamwe ma phenolic compounds anogona kuramba aripo uye kukuvadza zvisikwa zvemumvura kana zvikasaraswa zvakanaka. Kungwarira pakugadzirisa marara kwakakosha.
4. Hazvishande pakuuraya zvipembenene
Kune vanoda kuuraya utachiona mumidziyo yekurapa yepamusoro-soro, phenol haisiyo sarudzo huru kana tichienzanisa nemishonga yakaita se autoclaving, glutaraldehyde, kana hydrogen peroxide ine dzimwe nzira.
Nheyo dzekushandisa zvakachengeteka
Kana uchishandisa mishonga inouraya utachiona kana mishonga inouraya utachiona ine phenol kana zvimwe zvinobva mairi, mimwe mitemo inofanirwa kufungwa nezvayo ndeiyi:
- Shandisa zvinoenderana nezvakanyorwa uye kuyera kwakakodzera.
- Iva nechokwadi chekuti mhepo inofema zvakanaka, kunyanya kana uchishandisa muimba yakavharwa.
– Dzivisa kusangana nemaziso nemaronda akavhurika kunze kwekunge mushonga wacho wakagadzirirwa chinangwa ichocho.
– Pfeka magirovhosi kana zvichidikanwa, kunyanya pakuchenesa pamusoro peganda.
– Chengeta kure nevana uye usasanganisa nemamwe makemikari pasina kutungamirirwa.
Mhedziso
Kushandiswa kwemakemikari ephenol semishonga inouraya utachiona kune kukosha kwenhoroondo uye kwesainzi, zvichibatsira mukukura kwekudzivirira hutachiona. Phenol inoshanda nekukanganisa mapuroteni nemasero etupukanana, nokudaro ichidzivisa kana kuuraya mabhakitiriya nefungus. Zvisinei, nekuda kwenjodzi yekutsamwiswa uye chepfu, phenol yakachena haiwanzo shandiswa zvakananga panyama mhenyu. Pane kudaro, mamwe ma phenol derivatives achiri kushandiswa mune zvimwe zvigadzirwa zvinouraya utachiona uye zvakanyanya semishonga inouraya utachiona pamusoro. Kunzwisisa mashandiro azvo, mabhenefiti, uye njodzi kunotibatsira kusarudza nekushandisa mishonga inouraya utachiona zvakakodzera, zvakachengeteka, uye sezvinodiwa.
Kana muchida, ndinogonawo kuwedzera chikamu chinoti "kuenzanisa phenol nedoro, chlorhexidine, uye povidone-iodine" kana kugadzira chinyorwa chine ruzivo rwakadzama chine mashoko akanyorwa.
