Mashandisirwo eMachubhu Ekuyedza muRabhoritari
Machubhu ekuyedza ndeimwe yemidziyo yegirazi inowanikwa zvakanyanya mumarabhoritari, kungave muzvikoro, kumayunivhesiti, marabhoritari ekutsvagisa, kana mumaindasitiri. Chimiro chawo chiri nyore: sirinda refu ine hwaro hwakatenderera uye pamusoro wakavhurika. Kunyangwe zvichiita sezvisingakoshi, machubhu ekuyedza anoita basa rakakosha mumabasa akasiyana-siyana emurabhoritari nekuongorora, zvichigonesa vaongorori kuita makemikari madiki zvakachengeteka, nenzira inodzorwa, uye inoshanda. Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezvekushandiswa kwemachubhu ekuyedza murabhoritari, kusanganisira mabasa awo makuru, mashandisirwo awo, zvakanakira, uye matanho ekudzivirira kuona kuti anoshandiswa zvakachengeteka uye mhedzisiro chaiyo yekuyedza.
Kuziva Machubhu Ekuyedza uye Hunhu Hwawo
Kazhinji, machubhu ekuyedza anogadzirwa negirazi reborosilicate (rakadai sePyrex kana rakafanana naro), iro rinodzivirira kupisa uye rinodzivirira kuchinja kwetembiricha. Kunewo machubhu ekuyedza akagadzirwa nepurasitiki (akadai sepolypropylene), ayo anoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakuita zvehupenyu uye pakuchengetedza mimwe mienzaniso. Saizi dzechubhu dzekuyedza dzinosiyana, kubva padiki kune mavhoriyamu emamiriyoni mashoma kusvika kune makuru ekuyedza kunoda huwandu hwakawanda hwemhinduro.
Chinhu chinoshamisa chechubhu yekuyedza pasi payo chakatenderera. Chimiro ichi chinobatsira kuti mvura ipise zvakaenzana uye zvinoita kuti isanganiswe. Zvisinei, nekuti haigone kumira yoga, machubhu ekuyedza anowanzo shandiswa neraki yechubhu yekuyedza kana holder yechubhu yekuyedza pakudziisa kana kuifambisa.
Mashandisirwo Akanyanya eMachubhu Ekuyedza muRabhoritari
1. Chirongo Chekuita Maitiro Madiki Emakemikari
Kushandiswa kwakajairika kwemachubhu ekuyedza ndekwemidziyo yemakemikari madiki. Miedzo yakawanda yemhando yepamusoro muma laboratori emakemikari inoitirwa mumachubhu ekuyedza nekuti yakakura zvakakwana kuti ichengete sampuli nema reagents, asi kwete yakakura zvakanyanya kuti ichengetedze makemikari. Semuenzaniso, maitiro ekunaya kwemvura, kuchinja kwemavara, kuumbwa kwegasi, kana maitiro ekudzikamisa anogona kuonekwa zvakajeka mumachubhu ekuyedza.
Panyaya yemarabhoritari edzidzo, machubhu ekuyedza akanakira nekuti anobvumira vadzidzi kuona zviri nyore zviitiko zvemagadzirirwo emvura—kubva pakuchinja kwemavara kusvika pakuumbwa kwedota pasi pechubhu.
2. Kusanganisa uye Kubatanidza Mhinduro
Machubhu ekuyedza anoshandiswa kusanganisa mhinduro nekukurumidza. Vashandisi vanogona kuzunza chubhu yekuyedza zvinyoro nyoro kana kushandisa muchina wekusanganisa mhepo (kunyanya mumabhayoloji/makiriniki) kuti sampuli iite homogeneous. Kusanganisa mumachubhu ekuyedza kwakakurumbira nekuda kwekureruka kwayo uye njodzi shoma yekudururwa kwemvura zvichienzaniswa nekusanganisa mumagaba makuru.
Pamusoro pezvo, machubhu ekuyedza anobatsirawo pakunyungudika kuri nyore, semuenzaniso kunyungudutsa makristaro emunyu mumvura, kana kusanganisa ma reagents akati wandei zvishoma nezvishoma usati waaendesa kumudziyo mukuru we reaction.
3. Kupisa Muenzaniso kana Mhinduro
Nekuti machubhu mazhinji ekuyedza akagadzirwa negirazi rinodzivirira kupisa, anowanzo shandiswa kupisa mhinduro zvakananga. Kudziyisa kunowanzoitwa uchishandisa Bunsen burner, spirit burner, kana water bath. Kudziyisa mu test tube kunobatsira kukurumidzisa reactions, kubatsira mukunyungudika kwezvinhu, kana kuita bvunzo dzakati dzekupisa.
Zvisinei, kupisa chubhu yekuyedza kunoda nzira chaiyo: chubhu inofanira kubatwa nembato, yoendeswa kure nechiso nevamwe vanhu, uye yozununguswa zvinyoro nyoro kuitira kuti ipise zvakaenzana. Zvikanganiso pakupisa zvinogona kukonzera kuti mvura ibude ichibuda.
4. Kuedzwa Kwemhando Yezvinhu uye Kuzivikanwa Kwezvinhu Zvakasanganiswa
Nzira dzakawanda dzekuongorora qualitative dzinoshandisa machubhu ekuyedza, akadai se ion (cation/anion tests), pH tests, protein (Biuret tests), carbohydrate (Benedict's, Molisch's), uye lipid tests. Mukuyedza uku, chubhu yekuyedza inoshandiswa kusanganisa sample ne reagent chaiyo, wobva watarisa kana paine shanduko dzeruvara, precipitate formation, kana gas evolution.
Mumarabhoritari ekutanga ekiriniki, machubhu ekuyedza anogona kushandiswawo pakuita mabasa akareruka akadai sekuongororwa kweagglutination, kunyangwe maitiro mazhinji ikozvino achishandisa michina yemazuva ano yakasarudzika.
5. Kuunganidzwa Kwenguva Pfupi Uye Kuchengetera Sampuro
Machubhu ekuyedza anowanzo shandiswa kubata sampuli kwenguva pfupi vasati vaongorora zvakare. Semuenzaniso, mushure mekusefa, filtrate inogona kuunganidzwa muchubhu yekuyedza pH isati yayerwa kana kuwedzerwa mamwe ma reagents. Mumarabhoritari ebiology yemamorekuru, machubhu ekuyedza (kazhinji ma micro) anoshandiswa kuchengetedza vhoriyamu diki dzeDNA/RNA samples, ma enzymes, kana ma buffers.
Kuti zvichengeterwe, machubhu ekuyedza anogona kuvharwa neparafilm, rabha stoppers, kana screw caps (pamamwe machubhu). Nzira yekuvhara uye mamiriro ekuchengetedza zvinoenderana nemhando yemuenzaniso, zvakaita sekudiwa kwekupisa kunotonhorera, dziviriro kubva kuchiedza, kana mamiriro asina utachiona.
6. Kudzora Centrifugation (Kune Mamwe Machubhu)
Muzvidzidzo zvebhayoloji nemarabhoritari ekiriniki, mamwe machubhu ekuyedza akagadzirwa kuti aenderane nema centrifuge. Maitiro e centrifuge anoparadzanisa zvikamu zvichienderana nehuwandu, semuenzaniso, kuparadzanisa masero kubva kune supernatants, kuparadzanisa sediment kubva kune mvura, kana kuunganidza zvidimbu zvakati.
Zvisinei, haasi machubhu ese ekuyedza akachengeteka pakushandisa centrifugation. Machubhu anoshandiswa anofanira kusangana nezvinodiwa (zvinhu, ukobvu, uye muganho wekumhanya) uye anofanira kunge akaenzana zvakanaka mu centrifuge rotor kudzivirira kukuvara kwemidziyo netsaona.
7. Midhiya yekuona maitiro uye shanduko dzemuviri
Machubhu ekuyedza anorerutsa kuona nemaziso nekuti madziro awo akajeka. Vaongorori vanogona kuona shanduko dzemuviri dzakadai sekuoma kwevhu, kuumbwa kwemvura inonaya, kuchinja kwehunhu hwemuviri, kupatsanurwa kwechikamu, kana kuumbwa kwemabubble egasi. Kuongororwa uku kwakakosha mumaitiro mazhinji ekuyedza, kunyanya mumatanho ekutanga ekutsvagisa kana kudzidza kwepfungwa.
Mukuongorora kuri nyore, zviyero zvidiki zvemhinduro zvinobatsirawo kuderedza marara uye zvinoita kuti kubata kuve nyore kana zvikanganiso zvemaitiro zvikaitika.
Mabhenefiti eTest Tubes Kana Tichienzanisa Nemamwe MaContainers
Machubhu ekuyedza ane zvakanakira zvakawanda zvinoita kuti ave chishandiso chinodiwa murabhoritari:
1. Chengetedza ma reagents nekuti anoshanda pamavhoriyamu madiki.
2. Zviri nyore kushandisa uye kufambisa uchishandisa masherufu nemaclamp.
3. Yakakodzera kudziyisa (kunyanya girazi reborosilicate).
4. Zviri nyore kuona nekuda kwechimiro chayo chakareba uye chakajeka.
5. Inoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana pamhando dzakasiyana dzekuedza: kemesitiri, biology, kusvika kukiriniki.
Zvisinei, machubhu ekuyedza haasi michina chaiyo yekuyera vhoriyamu. Kana kuyedza kuchida vhoriyamu chaiyo, pipette, burette, kana flask yevhoriyamu ndiyo yakakodzera.
Zvinhu Zvekufunga Nezvekushandisa Machubhu Ekuyedza
Kuti pave nechokwadi chekushandiswa kwakachengeteka kwemachubhu ekuyedza uye mhedzisiro yekuyedza isina rusaruro, pane zvinhu zvakakosha zvakati wandei:
– Shandisa zvinhu zvekudzivirira muviri zvakaita semagirazi ekuchengetedza, magirovhosi, uye majasi ekurapwa.
– Usanongedze muromo wechubhu kumeso kwako paunenge uchidziisa kana kana mhinduro yacho ichikwanisa kuburitsa gasi.
– Dzivisa kuvhara chubhu zvakasimba paunenge uchidziisa, nekuti kumanikidzwa kunogona kuwedzera uye kukonzera kuputika kudiki.
– Tarisa kana paine mitswe iri mumachubhu usati washandisa, kunyanya pakudziisa uye pakupinza mvura.
– Isa mazita emachubhu kana aine mienzaniso yakasiyana kudzivirira kusanganiswa.
– Rasa tsvina zvichienderana nemaitiro; usaidururire mudhishi usina mvumo.
Penutup
Machubhu ekuyedza ari nyore asi akakosha murabhoritari. Mashandisirwo awo anosanganisira midziyo midiki yemakemikari, kusanganisa nekugadzirisa mhinduro, sampuli dzekupisa, kuyedza kwemhando yepamusoro, kuchengetwa kwenguva pfupi, uye kutenderera kwemachubhu mamwe. Nekushandisa kwakakodzera uye kutarisisa kuchengetedzeka, machubhu ekuyedza anobatsira kuyedza kushanda zvakanaka, kuchengetedza zvinhu, uye zviri nyore kuona. Hazvishamisi kuti machubhu ekuyedza achiri chishandiso "chinofanirwa kuve nacho" muminda yakasiyana-siyana yerabhoritari, kubva kudzidzo kusvika kutsvagurudzo yepamusoro.
Kana muchida, ndinogonawo kugadzira chinyorwa chakanyatsotarisa pane zvinotevera: (1) ma laboratori echikoro, (2) ma laboratori emakemikari ekuongorora, kana (3) ma laboratori ebiology/microbiology, pamwe nemienzaniso yekuedza uchishandisa machubhu ekuyedza.
