Mashandisirwo eCentrifuges muLaboratori
Centrifuge chishandiso chakakosha mumarabhoritari akasiyana-siyana, kubva kumarabhoritari ekiriniki nemabhayoloji kusvika kumarabhoritari emakemikari, pamwe chete nemaindasitiri emishonga nezvekudya. Inoshanda pasi pesimba recentrifugal, simba rinogadzirwa nekutenderera nekukurumidza rinoparadzanisa zvidimbu zvesampuro zvichibva pakusiyana kwehuwandu nehukuru. Nekugona kwayo kuparadzanisa nekukurumidza uye kwakarurama, macentrifuge anobatsira mukushanda kwemaitiro akawanda ekuongorora, kutsvagisa, uye ekugadzira. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura mashandisirwo emacentrifuge mumarabhoritari, mhando dzawo, uye mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwawo.
Nheyo pfupi yekushanda kweCentrifuge
Chaizvoizvo, centrifuge inotenderedza sample muchubhu nekumhanya kwakanyanya. Painotenderedza, zvikamu zvinorema zvinosundirwa kunze (kune pasi pechubhu), nepo zvikamu zvakareruka zvichiramba zviri pamusoro. Kupatsanurwa kunoitika kunowanzoita zvikamu zviviri: sediment (pellet) pasi uye supernatant kumusoro. Kuti ave nechokwadi chekupatsanurwa kwakakodzera, mushandi anofanira kutarisisa ma parameter akati wandei, akadai sekumhanya kwekutenderera (RPM kana RCF), nguva, tembiricha, uye rudzi rwe rotor inoshandiswa.
Mashandisirwo eCentrifuges muLaboratori
1. Kuparadzanisa Zvikamu zveRopa muLabhoritari yeKliniki
Imwe yenzira dzinonyanya kushandiswa dze centrifuge ndeyekuongorora ropa. Sampuro yeropa inowanzo kuve ne plasma/serum, masero matsvuku eropa, masero machena eropa, uye maplatelet. Centrifugation inobvumira zvikamu zveropa kuti zviparadzaniswe pazvinangwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuongorora, zvakaita se:
- Kugadzirira serum yekuyedzwa kwemakemikari ekiriniki akadai sekutarisa glucose, cholesterol, ma enzymes echiropa uye mazinga e electrolyte.
– Kupatsanurwa kweplasma kuti kuongororwe ropa rinogwamba kana kumwe kuongorora kunoda plasma.
– Kupatsanurwa kwebuffy coat (rukoko rutete rune leukocytes nemaplatelet) kuti zviongororwe neropa kana kuongororwazve.
Pasina centrifuge, nzira yekuparadzanisa yaizotora nguva yakareba uye mhedzisiro yacho yaisazoenderana zvakanyanya.
2. Kuparadzanisa uye Kuchenesa DNA, RNA, uye Mapuroteni
Mumarabhoritari ebiology yemamorekuru, centrifuge chishandiso chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pasi rose. Maitiro ekubvisa DNA/RNA uye kuchenesa mapuroteni anowanzo sanganisira matanho akati wandei e centrifugation kuti:
– Zvidimbu zvemasero zvinodonha kana kuti manyuchi emasero.
– Kuparadzanisa chikamu chemvura mukubvisa (semuenzaniso kuparadzanisa zvinhu zvine nucleic acids).
– Kuunganidza DNA/RNA/protein muchimiro chepellet mushure mekuwedzera doro kana zvimwe zvinhu zvinogadzirisa utachiona.
– Kusuka mapellets uchishandisa buffer kuti uwedzere kuchena.
Ma microcentrifuge anowanzo shandiswa pamachubhu madiki (semuenzaniso 1,5–2 mL) mukuita tsvakurudzo yemajini, PCR, sequencing, uye ongororo yekushandiswa kwemajini.
3. Kuparadzanisa Masero neZvidimbu muTsika dzeZvidiki
Muzvidzidzo zve microbiology, chinhu chinopinza masero emasero (centrifuge) chinoshandiswa kuunganidza masero ebhakitiriya kana yeast kubva mumvura. Mashandisirwo aro anosanganisira:
– Isa tupukanana twakawanda usati waongorora zvinhu zviri mu microscope kana bvunzo dze biochemical.
- Kubvisa biomass kuti uwane DNA, mapuroteni, kana metabolite extraction.
– Gezai masero nemushonga wekudzivirira kuti mubvise chero chinhu chingakanganisa bvunzo.
Kana masero ehutachiona akatenderera zvakanaka, anogona kuunganidzwa kuita mapellets anoparadzaniswa zviri nyore kubva kune zvinobuda.
4. Kupatsanurwa kweMarara muKuongororwa kweMakemikari
Mumarabhoritari ekuongorora kemesitiri, ma "centrifuge" anobatsira zvikuru mukukurumidzisa kuparadzaniswa kwema "precipitate" kubva kune mhinduro. Mune mimwe miedzo, ma "precipitate" anoumbwa, ayo anofanira kubviswa asati asefa kana kuyerwa zvakare. Ma "centrifuge" anogona:
– Inoderedza kudiwa kwekusefa kwenguva refu.
- Tsvaga supernatant yakajeka yekuongorora spectrophotometric kana titration.
– Inoparadzanisa zvidimbu zvidiki zvakaoma kusefa nepepa rekusefa rakajairika.
Izvi zvinonyanya kukosha kana mienzaniso iri midiki kana kuti painenge ichida mhinduro dzinokurumidza.
5. Kuedzwa Kwemhando Yepamusoro muMaindasitiri Emishonga Nezvekudya
Pamusoro pekutsvagisa nekushandiswa kwekiriniki, ma "centrifuge" anoshandiswawo zvakanyanya mukudzora mhando (QC). Muindasitiri yemishonga, ma "centrifuge" anogona kushandiswa kune:
– Tarisa kugadzikana kwemushonga unomiswa kana kuti emulsion.
- Kuedza kupatsanurwa kwezvikamu kunogona kuitika muzvigadzirwa zvemvura.
– Inobatsira mukuchenesa zvinhu zvinoshanda kana kupatsanura ivhu mukugadzirwa kudiki.
Muindasitiri yezvekudya, ma "centrifuges" anobatsira pakuparadzanisa mafuta, madhaka, kana zvidimbu kubva muzvigadzirwa zvemvura, semuenzaniso mukugadzira mukaka, zvinwiwa, kana zvakatorwa muchikafu.
6. Kupatsanurwa Kwakavakirwa paKuwanda kweMagetsi (Density Gradient Centrifugation)
Pakushandisa kwakaoma, centrifuge inogona kushandiswa ne density gradient technique, iyo inoshandisa mhinduro dzine densities dzakasiyana (semuenzaniso, sucrose kana cesium chloride). Iyi nzira inobatsira kune:
– Kuparadzanisa ma organelle emasero akadai se mitochondria, nucleus, uye lysosomes.
– Inoparadzanisa zvidimbu zvemavhairasi.
– Kuchenesa DNA yeplasmid kana zvidimbu zvemuviri.
Nzira iyi inowanzoshandiswa mukutsvagisa kwezvekurapa nekuti inokwanisa kugadzira kupatsanurwa kwakananga kupfuura kupatsanurwa kwakajairika kwemasero.
7. Kurumidza Maitiro Ekubvisa Kucherwa Kwevhu muMaprotocol Akasiyana-siyana
Maitiro mazhinji emurabhoritari anoda kugara kwechisikigo (sedimentation), asi kudzika kwevhu kwechisikigo kunowanzo kunonoka. Centrifuge inokurumidza kuita izvi, ichipfupisa nguva yebasa uye inowedzera kubereka. Chishandiso ichi chinopa kubudirira kukuru mukushanda, kunyanya mumarabhoritari ane huwandu hwakawanda hwesampuro.
Mhando dzeCentrifuges Dzinowanzo shandiswa
Rabhoritari yega yega inogona kushandisa centrifuge yakasiyana zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvayo:
1. Kuchenesa ropa: kunowanzo shandiswa kupatsanura serum/plasma kubva muropa.
2. Microcentrifuge: yemachubhu madiki, anowanikwa mubiology yemamorekuru.
3. Kutonhodza mufiriji: kwakagadzirwa nechinhu chinotonhodza sampuli dzinonzwa tembiricha dzakadai semapuroteni kana ma enzyme.
4. Kupinza mhepo nemhepo inomhanyisa: yekuparadzanisa zvinhu zvakanaka uye yekumhanya zvakanyanya.
5. Ultracentrifuge: yekuparadzanisa zvidimbu zvidiki zvakanyanya zvakaita semavhairasi, ribosomes, kana lipoproteins.
Sarudzo yerudzi rwecentrifuge inoenderana nekumhanya kunodiwa, kugona kwechubhu, uye kugadzikana kwemuenzaniso.
Zvinhu Zvakakosha Pakushandisa Centrifuge: Kuchengetedzeka Uye Kururama
Kunyange zvazvo zvichibatsira, ma "centrifuge" anogonawo kuva nenjodzi kana akashandiswa zvisina kunaka. Zvimwe zvinhu zvekufunga nezvazvo zvinosanganisira:
– Kuenzanisa chubhu: chubhu inofanira kuva nehuremu hwakaringana kuitira kuti rotor isadengenyeke uye kudzivirira kukuvara kwechishandiso kana tsaona.
– Kushandisa machubhu akakodzera: zvinhu zvechubhu zvinofanira kuramba kumhanya kwakasiyana uye ma reagents.
– Vhara rotor nemazvo: kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura kana maaerosols.
– Tevedzera miganhu yeRPM/RCF: nekuti rotor yega yega ine muganho wakachengeteka.
– Kuchenesa marara: Mienzaniso yezvemhuka inodururwa inogona kuva nengozi uye inofanira kubatwa zvichienderana nemaitiro ekuchengetedza marara.
Kushandiswa nokungwarira hakungovimbisi chete kuchengetedzeka, asiwo kunovimbisa mhedzisiro chaiyo uye inoenderana yekuparadzanisa.
Mhedziso
Mashandisirwo ema "centrifuge" mumarabhoritari akakura uye akakosha, kunyanya pakuparadzanisa zvikamu mumienzaniso zvichibva pakusiyana kwehuwandu nehukuru. Kubva pakupatsanurwa kweropa mumarabhoritari ekiriniki, kupatsanurwa kweDNA/RNA mu molecular biology, kuunganidzwa kwemasero e microbial, kusvika pakuongororwa kwemhando yepamusoro muindasitiri, ma "centrifuge" anobatsira kukurumidzisa maitiro ebasa uye kuvandudza kururama kwekuongorora. Nekusarudza kwakakodzera kwe "centrifuge" uye kushandiswa kwenzira dzakakodzera dzekuchengetedza, zvishandiso izvi ndizvo zvakakosha pamabasa mazhinji emazuva ano emarabhoritari.
Kana muchida, ndinogonawo kuwedzera chikamu pamusoro pekuti "maitiro ekuverenga RCF vs RPM" kana muenzaniso wekuverenga uri nyore kuti zvinyatsoshanda pamishumo yerabhoritari.
