Zvinhu Zvepamutemo Pakutanga Bhizinesi
Kutanga bhizinesi idanho guru rinoda kuronga zvakanaka, hurongwa hwakasimba, uye kunzwisisa kwakakwana kwezvemitemo inobatanidzwa. Kana pasina kunzwisisa kwakakodzera uye manejimendi yezvemitemo, bhizinesi idzva rinogona kusangana nezvipingamupinyi zvakawanda zvinogona kukonzera kukundikana. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura zvakadzama nezvemitemo yakasiyana-siyana yekufunga nezvayo pakutanga bhizinesi.
1. Kusarudzwa kweFomu reBusiness Entity
Chimwe chezvisarudzo zvekutanga kuita pakutanga bhizinesi kusarudza bhizinesi rakakodzera. Mabhizinesi anogona kuva ega ega, ma partnership (CVs), makambani, makambani ane mutoro wakaganhurirwa (PTs), kana ma cooperatives. Rudzi rumwe nerumwe rwebhizinesi rune mhedzisiro dzakasiyana dzemutemo, mitero, uye mutoro.
a. Kuva muridzi wemunhu oga
Kutengeserana kwebhizinesi rimwe chete ibhizinesi rine munhu mumwe chete uye rinotarisirwa nemunhu mumwe chete. Chinhu chakanaka chefomu iri ndechekuti zviri nyore kugadzwa uye kutungamirwa. Zvisinei, muridzi wega ndiye ane mutoro wakazara wezvikwereti zvese nemabasa ebhizinesi.
b. Kudyidzana (CV) nekambani
Makambani ane Limited Partnerships (CVs) nemakambani imhando dzebhizinesi dzakatangwa nevanhu vaviri kana kupfuura. CV ine vanhu vanongobatsira chete asi vasingabatanidzwi mukutarisira bhizinesi. Kambani, kune rumwe rutivi, inoda kuti nhengo dzese dzibatanidzwe mukutungamira bhizinesi.
c. Kambani Yechikwereti Chine Muganho (PT)
Kambani ine mutoro wakaganhurirwa (PT) ndiyo inonyanya kufarirwa mubhizinesi nekuda kwekupatsanurwa kwemidziyo yemuridzi kubva kumidziyo yekambani. Izvi zvinopa dziviriro huru yepamutemo kumuridzi. Zvisinei, maitiro ekugadzwa kwePT akaoma uye anoda mari yekutanga yakakura.
d. Makambani Ekubatsirana
Mubatanidzwa wemakambani (cooperative) ibhizinesi rinotungamirirwa pamwe chete zvichibva pamusimboti wekushandira pamwe chete uye rakanangana nekusimudzira kugara zvakanaka kwenhengo dzaro. Hunhu hwakasiyana hwemutemo nehutungamiri hwemakambani hunoita kuti ave sarudzo yakanaka yemabasa ebhizinesi akatarisana nekugara zvakanaka kwenhengo.
2. Kunyoresa uye Kupa Marezenisi
Mushure mekusarudza fomu rebhizinesi rakakodzera, danho rinotevera nderekunyoresa bhizinesi uye kuwana marezenisi anodiwa. MuIndonesia, maitiro aya anosanganisira matanho akati wandei uye masangano ehurumende.
a. Chibvumirano cheKugadzwa kweMutemo
Kune masangano ebhizinesi akadai sePT kana CV, danho rekutanga nderekuwana gwaro rebasa, rakanyorwa negweta. Gwaro iri rine ruzivo rwakakosha nezvekambani, senge zita rekambani, zvinangwa zvebhizinesi, mari inobvumidzwa, uye chimiro chemanejimendi.
b. Kunyoresa kuBazi reMutemo neKodzero dzevanhu
Mushure mekuwana gwaro rebasa, danho rinotevera nderekunyoresa kambani kuBazi reMutemo neKodzero dzeVanhu kuti iwane mvumo sesangano repamutemo.
c. Nhamba Yekuzivikanwa Kwemutero (NPWP)
Bhizinesi rega rega muIndonesia rinofanirwa kuve neNhamba yeKuzivikanwa kweMutero (NPWP), inopihwa neDirectorate General of Taxes. NPWP iyi inoshandiswa pakubhadhara mitero yemakambani.
d. Rezenisi yeBhizinesi
Mhando imwe neimwe yebhizinesi ingada mvumo dzebhizinesi dzakasiyana. Semuenzaniso, mabhizinesi ekubika anoda mvumo kubva kubazi rezvehutano, ukuwo mabhizinesi ekutengesa achida mvumo yebhizinesi rekutengesa (SIUP).
e. Mvumo Yenzvimbo uye HO
Mvumo yenzvimbo inodiwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yebhizinesi inoenderana nemitemo yekushandiswa kwevhu. Mvumo yeHO (nuisance permit) inodiwa kuti ufungisise njodzi dzinogona kuitika nharaunda dzinogona kukonzerwa nemabasa ebhizinesi.
3. Zvisungo zveMutero
Kunzwisisa mitoro yemitero chinhu chakakosha chepamutemo chekutanga nekufambisa bhizinesi. Bhizinesi rega rega rinofanira kubhadhara mitero zvichienderana nemitemo inoshanda.
a. Mutero weMari (PPh)
Bhizinesi rega rega rinosungirwa kubhadhara mutero wemari zvichienderana nepurofiti yarinowana. Kune maPT, maCV, kana makambani, mutero uyu unobhadharwa gore rega rega.
b. Mutero Wekuwedzera Mutengo (VAT)
Kana bhizinesi rako richitengesa zvinhu kana mabasa zvichienderana neValue Added Tax, unofanirwa kutora VAT kubva kune vatengi woiisa mubazi rezvemari rehurumende.
c. Mutero weIvhu neZvekuvaka (PBB)
Kana bhizinesi rako riri muridzi wevhu nezvivakwa kana kuti richitonga, rinosungirwa kubhadhara Mutero weNyika neZvekuvaka.
4. Kudzivirirwa Pamutemo kweZviratidzo zveMabhizimisi uye Pfuma Yepfungwa
Pfuma yepfungwa inokosha zvikuru kumabhizinesi mazhinji, kunyanya ayo ari muchikamu chetekinoroji, kugadzira, uye hunyanzvi. Kuchengetedza pfuma yako yepfungwa kunobatsira kudzivirira vamwe kuti vasawane pundutso kubva mupfungwa dzako kana zvigadzirwa zvako.
a. Kunyoresa Zviratidzo zveMutengesi
Chiratidzo ndicho chiziviso chebhizinesi rako. Kunyoresa chiratidzo neDirectorate General of Intellectual Property kunopa dziviriro yepamutemo uye kushandiswa kwechiratidzo chacho chete muIndonesia yese.
b. Kodzero Dzekodzero Dzemunhu uye Mapatenti
Kodzero dzekunyora dzinodzivirira mabasa ekugadzira akadai semabhuku, mimhanzi, nemafirimu, ukuwo kodzero dzekunyora dzichidzivirira zvinhu zvitsva kana zvakawanikwa. Kunyoresa kodzero dzekunyora kana kodzero dzekunyora zvinopa kodzero dzakakwana dzekugadzira nekutengesa basa racho.
5. Mitemo Yebasa
Kana bhizinesi rako richishandisa vashandi, kune mitemo yakati wandei yekushanda inofanirwa kutevedzerwa kuti kodzero dzevashandi dzichengetedzwe uye mitemo itevedzwe.
a. Chibvumirano Chebasa
Mushandi wese anofanira kuva nechibvumirano chebasa chakajeka chinotsanangura kodzero nezvisungo zvemushandi pamwe nekambani. Chibvumirano ichi chinogona kuva chibvumirano chebasa chenguva yakatarwa (PKWT) kana chibvumirano chebasa chenguva isingaperi (PKWTT).
b. Muhoro Wepasi
Makambani anofanirwa kubhadhara vashandi mari shoma yakatarwa nehurumende yemuno. Kukundikana kuzadzisa chisungo ichi kunogona kukonzera zvirango zvepamutemo.
c. Kuchengetedzwa Kwevanhu Nekuchengetedzwa Kwemagariro Evanhu
Makambani anofanirwawo kunyoresa vashandi muzvirongwa zveEmployment Social Security (Jamsostek) neNational Health Insurance (BPJS Kesehatan).
6. Mutemo weMakwikwi
Kuti makwikwi arambe akaenzana, Indonesia yakagadza mitemo ine chekuita nemakwikwi emabhizinesi. Mutemo Nhamba 5 wegore ra1999 une chekuita neKurambidzwa kweMiitiro yeMonopolistic uye Makwikwi eMabhizinesi Asina Kururama unotonga izvi.
a. Kurambidzwa kweMiitiro yeMonopolistic
Maitiro ekushandisa zvinhu zvega zvega haabvumidzwe nekuti anogona kukuvadza vatengi nemamwe mabhizinesi. Mabhizinesi anofanira kuve nechokwadi chekuti haaite zvinhu zvinogona kuonekwa sekushandisa zvinhu zvega zvega.
b. Makwikwi Anopesana Nekusaruramisira
Mabhizinesi anofanirawo kudzivirira maitiro asina kunaka ekukwikwidzana, akadai sekugadzirisa mitengo, kurambidza kugoverwa kwezvinhu, kana kusungisa kutengesa nezvimwe zvigadzirwa.
7. Kudzivirirwa kweVatengi
Vatengi chinhu chakakosha mukubudirira kwebhizinesi. Nokudaro, makambani anosungirwa kuremekedza kodzero dzevatengi uye kuchengetedza mwero wemhando yezvigadzirwa kana sevhisi.
a. Mitemo yeZvigadzirwa
Zvigadzirwa kana masevhisi anopiwa anofanirwa kusangana nemhando yepamusoro uye mwero wekuchengetedza wakatarwa nemitemo inoshanda.
b. Ruzivo Rwakajeka
Makambani anofanirwa kupa ruzivo rwakarurama uye rwakajeka maererano nezvigadzirwa kana masevhisi anotengeswa, kusanganisira kuumbwa kwazvo, mashandisirwo azvo, uye chero njodzi dzingamuka.
Mhedziso
Kutanga bhizinesi kunoda kunzwisisa kwakakwana mativi akasiyana-siyana emutemo. Izvi zvinosanganisira kusarudza bhizinesi, kunyoresa nekupa marezenisi, mitero, kuchengetedzwa kwepfuma yepfungwa, mitemo yebasa, uye mutemo wemakwikwi nekuchengetedzwa kwevatengi. Kunzwisisa nekushandisa zvirevo izvi zvemutemo hakungobatsiri chete kuderedza njodzi asiwo kunoita kuti bhizinesi rishande zvinoenderana nemitemo inoshanda, zvichiita kuti kukura kwakanaka uye kugare kwenguva refu.
