Nhanganyaya Yekutanga kuMusika weBond
Musika wemabhondi chinhu chakakosha muhurongwa hwemari hwepasi rose. Kunyange zvazvo usingazivikanwe zvakanyanya semusika wemasheya, unoita basa rakakosha mukupa mari yakakwana uye kugadzikana kwemari. Chinyorwa chino chine chinangwa chekupa sumo yekutanga kumusika wemabhondi, ichifukidza tsananguro yawo, mhando dzemabhondi, nzira dzekutengeserana, uye zvinhu zvinopesvedzera mitengo yemabhondi.
Chii chinonzi Bond?
Mabond zvibvumirano zvechikwereti zvinopihwa nehurumende, makambani, kana mamwe masangano kuti vawane mari. Paunotenga bond, unokweretesa mari kune anoburitsa bond. Mukutsiva, anoburitsa bond anovimbisa kudzorera mari yacho pamwe nemubereko panguva yakatarwa.
Zvikamu Zvikuru zveMabhondi
1. Mari yePar Value: Mari iyo muridzi webond achawana kana bond yakura. Mari yePar Value inowanzova $1.000 yemabond emakambani.
2. Kuponi: Mubereko unobhadharwa kune vane bondholds, unowanzo nyorwa sechikamu chemutengo wemari. Mari idzi dzinogona kubhadharwa gore rega rega, hafu yegore, kana kota yega yega.
3. Zuva reKukura: Zuva iro mupi webond anofanira kubhadhara kukosha kwebond kune muridzi webond.
Mhando dzeZvibvumirano
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzemabhondi, anogona kuiswa mumapoka zvichienderana neanopa mari, njodzi, uye nzira yekubhadhara mubereko.
1. Mabhondi eHurumende: Anoburitswa nehurumende dzenyika kuti abhadhare mapurojekiti nemabasa. Mienzaniso inozivikanwa ndeye mabhondi eTreasury muUnited States neGovernment Securities (SBN) muIndonesia.
2. Mabhondi emakambani: Anoburitswa nemakambani kuti awane mari. Ane njodzi dzakawanda kupfuura mabhondi ehurumende, asi anopawo mubereko wakakwira wekubhadhara njodzi iyoyo.
3. Mabhondi eMunicipal: Anoburitswa nehurumende dzemunharaunda kana makambani emagetsi. MuUnited States, mubereko wemabhondi aya haubhadhariswi mutero nehurumende, uye dzimwe nguva haubhadhariswi mutero nehurumende, zvichienderana nekwaanogara munhu anoisa mari.
4. Mabhondi Enyika Dzepasi Pose: Mabhondi anoburitswa nemakambani kana hurumende dzekunze. Anogona kupa kusiyana-siyana, asi zvakare ane njodzi dzemari nedzezvematongerwo enyika.
5. Mabhondi Anochinjika: Mabhondi anogona kushandurwa kuita huwandu hwakati hwemasheya ekambani inoburitsa masheya pamutengo wakatarwa. Izvi zvinopa vane mabhondi mukana wekubatsirwa nekukwira kwemutengo wemasheya.
Maitiro ekutengeserana kweBond
Kusiyana nemasheya, ayo anotengeswa pamisika yemasheya, mabhondi anowanzo tengeswa asingabhadharwi nevatengi (OTC). Izvi zvinoreva kuti kutengeserana kunoitika zvakananga pakati pemapato maviri, kazhinji kuburikidza nemutengesi kana mutengesi.
Misika Yekutanga Neyechipiri
1. Musika Mukuru: Apa ndipo panotanga kuburitswa nekutengeswa mabhondi. Pano, mabhondi anotengwa zvakananga kubva kune anoburitsa mari.
2. Musika Wechipiri: Mushure mekuburitswa, mabhondi anogona kutengeswa pamusika wechipiri. Pano, vanoisa mari vanotenga nekutengesa mabhondi aripo pakati pavo. Mitengo yemabhondi mumusika wechipiri inogona kuchinja zvichienderana nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvehupfumi nemusika.
Mitengo yeBond neGoho
Mutengo webhondi mumusika wechipiri unogona kuva wakakwira kana kuderera pane kukosha kwayo, zvichienderana nemitengo yemubereko wemusika uripo. Pane pfungwa mbiri dzakakosha dzekunzwisisa:
1. Mutengo: Mutengo wazvino unotengeswa bond pamusika wechipiri. Mutengo uyu unogona kuva mutengo wakazara, unosanganisira mubereko wakawedzerwa, kana mutengo wakachena, usingabatanidzi mubereko wakawedzerwa.
2. Mubereko: Mubereko ndiwo mwero wekudzoka kwemari unotarisirwa nevanoisa mari kubva mubhondi. Kune zviyero zvakasiyana-siyana zvemubereko, asi zviviri zvinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeizvi: Mubereko weKubudirira Kwemari (Current Yield) uye Mubereko weKubudirira Kwemari (YTM).
- Mubereko weParizvino: Unoverengwa se coupon yegore negore yakakamurwa nemutengo wepamusika webhondi.
– Kubudirira kusvika pakukura (YTM): Mwero wekudzoka unotarisirwa kana bond ikabatwa kusvika yapera. YTM inofunga nezvekubhadhara kwese kwemakuponi uye musiyano uripo pakati pemutengo wekutenga nemutengo webond.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Mitengo Yemabhondi
Mitengo yemabhondi inokanganiswa nezvinhu zvakawanda, zvakawanda zvacho zvine chekuita nenjodzi uye mwero wemubereko.
1. Mitengo yemubereko: Mitengo yemubereko pamusika ine chekuita zvakananga nemitengo yemabhondi. Kana mitengo yemubereko ikakwira, mitengo yemabhondi aripo inowanzodzikira, sezvo mabhondi matsva achizopa makuponi akakwira. Kusiyana neizvi, kana mitengo yemubereko ichidzikira, mitengo yemabhondi aripo inowanzokwira.
2. Kukwira kwemitengo: Kukwira kwemitengo kuchaderedza kukosha kwemari chaiyo inobhadharwa nemabhondi, izvo zvinogona kuderedza mitengo yemabhondi. Mabhondi ane kukwira kwemitengo, akadai seTreasury Inflation-Protected Securities (TIPS) muUnited States, akagadzirirwa kuchengetedza vanoisa mari kubva mukukwira kwemitengo.
3. Njodzi yeChikwereti: Njodzi yekuti mupi wemabhondi angatadza kubhadhara mubereko kana mari yemubereko. Kuongororwa kwechikwereti kubva kumasangano ekuongorora akadai seStandard & Poor's, Moody's, naFitch kunobatsira vanoisa mari kuongorora njodzi iyi. Mabhondi ane mwero wakaderera anopa goho rakakura rekutsiva njodzi yakawedzerwa.
4. Nguva: Chiyero chekunzwa kwemutengo webhondi kune shanduko dzemitengo yemubereko. Nguva yakareba, ndipo panonyanya kunzwisiswa nekuchinja kwemitengo yemubereko. Mabhondi enguva refu anowanzo gara kwenguva refu uye anogona kukanganiswa nekuchinja kwemitengo yemubereko.
5. Mamiriro Ehupfumi Nemusika/Michato: Manzwiro emusika nemamiriro ehupfumi anokanganisawo mitengo yemabhondi. Semuenzaniso, munguva dzematambudziko ehupfumi kana kusagadzikana kwezvematongerwo enyika, vanoisa mari vanogona kuchinja kubva kumasheya asingachinji kuenda kumabhondi akasimba se "nzvimbo yakachengeteka."
Mhedziso
Musika wemabhondi chikamu chakakosha chehurongwa hwemari hwepasi rose, zvichipa nzira yekuti masangano awane mari uye kuti vanoisa mari vawane mari yakagadzikana. Kunzwisisa hwaro hwemabhondi, kusanganisira mhando dzemabhondi, nzira dzekutengeserana, uye zvinhu zvinopesvedzera mitengo yemabhondi, idanho rakakosha kune chero munhu anofarira kuisa mari mumusika uyu.
Nekunzwisisa kwakanaka mashandiro emabhondi pamwe nenjodzi dzinobatanidzwa, vanoisa mari vanogona kuita sarudzo dzinoshanda uye dzine ruzivo pavanenge vachitarisira mapotifoliyo avo. Sezvinoita mune zvese zvinodyarwa mari, ruzivo netsvagiridzo ndizvo zvakakosha kuti zvibudirire.
