Kuziva Nheyo dzeWarren Buffett dzekudyara mari
Warren Buffett anozivikanwa semumwe wevanoisa mari vanobudirira zvikuru munhoroondo. Kuburikidza nekambani yake yekudyara mari, Berkshire Hathaway, akaratidza kuti nzira ine hungwaru, iri nyore, uye inoenderana inogona kuburitsa kushanda kwakanaka kwenguva refu. Vanhu vazhinji vanoti kubudirira kwake kunokonzerwa ne "manomano" akaomarara kana kugona kufanotaura musika, asi Buffett anosimbisa zvakapesana: kunzwisisa bhizinesi, kutenga nemutengo wakaringana (kana wakaderera), uye kuva nemoyo murefu.
Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezvemitemo inonyanya kukosha yekudyara mari yaWarren Buffett, pamwe chete nekuti ungainzwisisa sei kuti ive yakakosha kune vanotanga nevanoisa mari vane ruzivo.
1. Kuisa mari semuridzi webhizinesi, kwete kungotenga migove chete
Kuna Buffett, kutenga masheya kwakafanana nekutenga muridzi webhizinesi. Saka, chinangwa chake chikuru hachisi chekuchinja kwemitengo yezuva nezuva, asi pane kunaka kwekambani yaari kutenga. Anoda kuziva kuti kambani inowana sei mari, kuti kudiwa kwezvinhu zvayo kwakagadzikana sei, kuti vanokwikwidza nayo ndivanaani, uye kana bhizinesi racho richizoramba richishanda kwemakumi emakore anotevera.
Nheyo iyi inodzivirira vanoisa mari kuti vasaite zvinhu zvekufungidzira—semuenzaniso, kutenga masheya nekuti ari kufarirwa. Kana usinganzwisise mashandiro ekambani, Buffett angati hausati wagadzirira kuva "muridzi" webhizinesi.
2. Nzwisisa "Denderedzwa reKugona"
Buffett anozivikanwa nepfungwa yake yedenderedzwa rehunyanzvi: dyara mari mune zvaunonzwisisa. Haanzwi kuda kuziva indasitiri yega yega. Pane kudaro, anosarudza kugona nzvimbo shoma dzaanogona kuongorora zvakanaka. Chinokosha hachisi chekuti ruzivo rwako rwakakura sei, asi kuti miganhu yako yakajeka sei.
Mukuita izvi, izvi zvinoreva kuti haufanirwe kutanga kutenga masheya mune imwe nzvimbo nekuti ari kufarirwa. Kana usati wanzwisisa maitiro ebhizinesi, njodzi, uye manyuko epurofiti, zviri nani kumirira kana kusarudza kambani yaunonzwisisa zviri nani.
3. Tsvaga mabhizinesi ane mukana wekukwikwidzana wakasimba (Economic Moat)
Imwe yepfungwa dzaBuffett dzinonyanya kufarirwa ndeye hupfumi, "gomba" rinodzivirira rinoita kuti kambani iome kukwikwidzana naro. Makambani ane gomba rakasimba anowanzokwanisa kuchengetedza purofiti uye mugove wemusika kwenguva refu.
Mafungu anogona kubva pa:
– Brand yakasimba inoita kuti vatengi vave vakavimbika.
- Hupfumi hwenyika, saka mari yekugadzira yakaderera pane yevanokwikwidza.
- Mari yakawanda yekuchinja, saka vatengi havadi kuchinja.
- Kugoverwa kwenetwork kana mhedzisiro yenetwork.
– Mitemo/mvumo dzakaoma kutevedzera.
Buffett anofarira mabhizinesi asiri kungobudirira chete pari zvino, asiwo ane "madziro" ekukunda makwikwi kwemakore anotevera.
4. Tarisa pane hunhu hwehutungamiriri hwekambani
Buffett anoona manejimendi sechinhu chakakosha. Anofarira mamaneja akatendeseka, ane hunyanzvi, uye anotarisira vagovani. Kutungamira kwakanaka kunowanzoita seizvi:
- Govera mari nekuchenjera (kudyara, kuwedzera, kutengazve, migove).
- Kubuditsa pachena mumishumo nekutaurirana.
- Kwete kutsvaga kukura kuti utaridzike zvakanaka, asi kutsvaga kukosha kwenguva refu.
Kazhinji, makambani ane zvigadzirwa zvakanaka anogona kukundikana kana asingatungamirirwi zvakanaka. Kusiyana neizvi, makambani ane hutungamiriri hwepamusoro anogona kukura zvakanaka.
5. Tenga nemutengo unonzwisisika: pfungwa yekukosha kwemukati
Kunyange zvazvo Buffett achifarira makambani emhando yepamusoro, achiri kufarira mutengo. Haatenge masheya "chero" nekuti akanaka. Anoenzanisa mutengo wemusika nemutengo wemukati—mutengo wakakodzera wekambani zvichibva pakukwanisa kwayo kuunza mari inobuda mune ramangwana.
Uyu ndiwo musiyano uripo pakati pekudyara mari nekufungidzira. Vanoisa mari muzvinhu zvakakosha saBuffett vanotsvaga mikana kana musika usina mitengo yakakwana, kana kuti zvine musoro, kana kuti mhando yemasheya. Haatsvage kutenga nemutengo wakaderera, asi anotenga kana mukana wekupa mari nenjodzi wakanakira.
6. Shandisa "Muganho weKuchengetedzwa"
Pfungwa yekuchengetedzeka kwemari yakawedzerwa naBenjamin Graham, mupi wezano waBuffett. Zvinoreva kutenga nemutengo wakaderera kuti uderedze njodzi yekukanganisa kuverenga kana zviitiko zvisingatarisirwi.
Semuenzaniso, kana ukaongorora kukosha kwekambani pa10.000 pamugove, kutenga pa7.000 kunopa mukana. Kana kukosha kwako kwakaderera zvishoma, uchiri nebuffer. Iyi nheyo inobatsira vanoisa mari kudzivirira zvisarudzo zvisina kusimba, "zvekuti ini-ini" panguva yekusagadzikana.
7. Usanyanya kufunga nezvemafambiro emusika: shandisa manzwiro emusika.
Buffett anowanzo taura nezve "VaMusika"—mufananidzo wekuti dzimwe nguva musika unopa mitengo isina musoro inokonzereswa nemanzwiro. Pane dzimwe nguva apo musika unonyanya kuva netariro, uye dzimwe nguva unonyanya kusava netariro. Vanoisa mari vane hunhu hwakanaka vanoshandisa mamiriro aya.
Pane kutya kana mitengo yadzikira, Buffett anotsvaga kuona kana kudzikira uku kuchizoita kuti makambani akanaka asadhure. Asi, haanyanyi kufarira kutenga panguva yekufara, sezvo mitengo inowanzo kwira.
8. Funga kwenguva refu uye iva nemoyo murefu
Chimwe chezvombo zvikuru zvaBuffett mwoyo murefu. Anofarira kuisa mari kwenguva refu nekuti kukosha kwemakambani akanaka kunowanzo wedzera zvichienderana nekushanda kwebhizinesi ravo. Uyezve, kwenguva refu inobvumira mhedzisiro yakanyanya yekuwedzera mari.
Buffett akatotaura kuti nguva yake yaanofarira yekubata zvinhu ndeye "kusingaperi," kunyangwe mukuita kwake achiri kugona kutengesa kana zvinhu zvekutanga zvikachinja kana mitengo ikanyanya kupfuura kukosha kwayo.
9. Isa pfungwa dzako pane zvakanakisa, kwete zvinhu zvakawanda
Kusiyana nenzira yekusiyanisa zvakanyanya, Buffett anowanzo tarisa mikana yaanonyatsonzwisisa uye yaanotenda mairi. Anotenda kuti kusiyanisa zvakanyanya kunogona kuva chiratidzo chekuti mudyari haana chokwadi neongororo yavo.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kucherechedza: nzira iyi yakakodzera zvakanyanya kune vanoisa mari vane hunyanzvi hwakasimba hwekuongorora. Kune vanotanga kuisa mari, kusiyanisa zvinhu kunoramba kuri kwakakosha. Asi chidzidzo chiri pachena: zviri nani kuva nekudyara mari kwakanaka kwaunonzwisisa pane kutenga masheya akawanda pasina chikonzero chinonzwisisika.
10. Dzivisa zvikwereti zvakawandisa uye nzwisisa njodzi
Buffett anowanzo yambira kuti njodzi haibvi mukusagadzikana kwemitengo, asi mukusaziva uye kushandisa mari yakawanda. Chikwereti chinogona kuwedzera purofiti, asi chinogonawo kuparadza portfolio kana musika ukapesana nazvo.
Nheyo dzaBuffett dzinokurudzira vanoisa mari kuti varambe vachikwanisa kushandisa mari yavo zvakanaka, vasarudze makambani ane magwaro ekugadzirisa zvinhu, uye vasazviwedzere simba. Chinangwa: kuramba vari mumusika kwenguva yakareba, sezvo mikana yakanaka inowanzoonekwa kune avo vachiri nemari kana dambudziko raitika.
11. Kuranga, nyore, uye kugara wakarongeka
Muchidimbu, pfungwa dzaBuffett dziri nyore kwazvo: tenga mabhizinesi akanaka nemitengo inonzwisisika, wobva waachengeta kwenguva yakareba. Asi nyore uku hakurevi kusununguka. Dambudziko guru nderekuzvibata: kugara wakadzikama panguva yekutya kwemusika, kusava nemakaro panguva yemufaro wemusika, uye kuomerera pakuongorora kwakakosha.
Kugara uchichinja-chinja kwakakosha, nekuti purofiti huru inobva mukudyara mari kazhinji haibvi mukuita zvisarudzo zvakajairwa, asi mukuita zvisarudzo zvakanaka uye kuzvibvumira kukura.
Penutup
Mitemo yaWarren Buffett inosimbisa hunyanzvi hwebhizinesi, mukana wekukwikwidzana, manejimendi yemhando yepamusoro, uye kutenga nepamusana pekuchengetedza. Pane kutsvaga purofiti nekukurumidza, anovaka pfuma kuburikidza nemoyo murefu uye mhedzisiro yenguva refu yekuwedzera mari. Kune vanoisa mari, kutevedzera Buffett hazvirevi hazvo kutenga masheya akafanana neake, asi pane kutora mafungiro ake: ane musoro, akarongeka, uye anotarisa kukosha.
Kana uchida kutanga kushandisa misimboti yaBuffett, danho rekutanga nderekusimbisa kunzwisisa kwako nheyo dzekambani, kuita ongororo yemitengo yakakodzera, uye kukudziridza tsika dzekudyara mari dzinogara dziripo. Nekufamba kwenguva, nzira iyi inotsungirira zvakanyanya kushamisika kwemusika uye ine mukana wakakura wekugadzira kukura kwakanaka.
