Gwaro reKuchengeta Vana Vane Zvirwere Zvinotapukira
Zvirwere zvinotapukira muvana zvichiri dambudziko guru muhutano, muzvipatara nemunharaunda. Vana vane masoja ekudzivirira chirwere asati akura, maitiro ekudyidzana nevezera ravo, uye tsika dzinoita kuti kutapurirana kuenderere mberi, dzakadai sekubata kumeso nguva nenguva uye kugovana zvinhu. Panguva iyi, vabereki vanowanzo shungurudzika, nepo vashandi vehutano vachifanira kuchengetedza kuchengetedzeka kwevarwere, mhuri dzavo, uye ivo pachavo. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura nhungamiro dzakakwana dzekuchengeta vana vane zvirwere zvinotapukira, kubva pakuongorora nekudzivirira kutapurirana, kupindira kwekuchengeta, kusvika pakudzidzisa mhuri.
1. Nzwisisa zvirwere zvinotapukira muvana
Chirwere chinotapuriranwa chirwere chinogona kutapuriranwa kubva kumunhu mumwe kuenda kune mumwe nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai semadonhwe (kukosora kana kuhotsira), kutapurirana nemhepo, kusangana zvakananga, kana kuburikidza nechikafu nechinwiwa. Muvana, zvirwere zvinotapuriranwa zvinowanzo sanganisira furuwenza, gwirikwiti, huku (varicella), manyoka anotapukira (semuenzaniso, rotavirus), TB, uye hutachiona hweganda hwakadai se impetigo.
Vanamukoti vanofanira kunzwisisa nzira dzekutapurirana chirwere ichi nekuti izvi zvinosarudza nzira dzakakodzera dzekudzivirira. Semuenzaniso, gwirikwiti negomarara zvinogona kutapuriranwa nemhepo, zvichida nzira dzekudzivirira nemhepo. Manyoka anotapuriranwa anonyanya kutapuriranwa kuburikidza nenzira yetsvina nemuromo, saka chinangwa chikuru ndechekuchenesa maoko, kucheneswa, uye kudzivirira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza.
2. Kuongororwa kwevanamukoti: danho rekutanga rinoona
Kuongororwa kwevana vane zvirwere zvinotapukira kunofanira kuitwa nekukurumidza, nenzira yakarongeka, uye kufunga nezvekukura kwemwana. Zvinhu zvikuru zvekuongorora zvinosanganisira:
1. Kuzivikanwa uye nhoroondo yechirwere: zviratidzo zvekutanga, fivha, kukosora, mhino inoyerera, mapundu, kurutsa, manyoka, kana kufema zvishoma, uye kwakabva chirwere ichi (kusangana nevanhu vanorwara, kufamba, kana denda kuchikoro).
2. Kudzivirirwa kwechirwere: kana mwana akapihwa majekiseni akarongwa (semuenzaniso, MR/MMR, varicella, DPT, polio). Kudzivirirwa kwechirwere kunobatsira kufungidzira njodzi uye kuderedza kuongororwa kwechirwere.
3. Zviratidzo zvakakosha uye mamiriro emvura mumuviri: fivha yakanyanya, kurova kwemoyo nekukurumidza, kufema nekukurumidza, uye zviratidzo zvekushaya mvura mumuviri (muromo wakaoma, maziso akanyura, kudhonza mvura, weti shoma).
4. Kuongororwa kwemuviri kwakanangana: mamiriro ekufema (kudzokera shure, kufemera), mapundu eganda (maitiro ekupararira uye rudzi rwekukuvadzwa), uye zviratidzo zvematambudziko (fivha, kusaziva zvakanyanya).
5. Zvinhu zvine chekuita nepfungwa: kuzvidya mwoyo kwemwana, mhinduro yevabereki, rutsigiro rwemhuri, uye kugona kwemhuri kuita zvega kumba.
Ongororo iyi ndiyo hwaro hwekuona zviratidzo zvekuchengetwa kwevanamukoti zvakaita sekupisa kwemuviri, njodzi yekupararira kwehutachiona, kusachinjana kwemagasi, kushomeka kwehuwandu hwemvura mumuviri, kana kuzvidya mwoyo kwemhuri.
3. Kudzivirira kutapurirana: musimboti mukuru wekuchengetedza
Kuchengetwa kwevana vane zvirwere zvinotapukira kunofanira kukosheswa kudzivirira kutapurirana. Nheyo huru dzinosanganisira:
a) Nzira dzekudzivirira dzakajairika
Izvi zvinoshanda kuvarwere vese: kuchena kwemaoko, kushandisa magirovhosi kana paine mvura yemuviri, kushandisa mamasiki kana paine njodzi yekupfapfaidzwa, uye kuraswa zvakanaka kwetsvina yezvekurapa.
b) Matanho ekudzivirira kupararira kwehutachiona
– Madonhwe: Mamasiki ekuvhiya emapurisa nevabereki, kuderedza daro riri pedyo, kudzidzisa tsika dzekukosora.
– Mhepo inobhururuka: shandisa muchina wekufema (semuenzaniso, N95 zvichienderana nemutemo), imba ine mhepo inofefetera zvakanaka/isina simba kana iripo, deredza kufamba kwemurwere.
– Kubata: magirovhosi nemagown, zvishandiso zvinoenderana nemurwere (thermometer, stethoscope kana zvichibvira), kucheneswa kweganda nguva dzose.
c) Kuronga kuparadzaniswa uye kushanya
Vana vanowanzoda munhu wekuvaperekedza, asi nhamba yevashanyi inofanira kunge iri shoma. Sarudza munhu mumwe chete wekutanga, tarisa vashanyi kuti vaone kana paine zviratidzo, uye vadzidzise nezvekushandisa PPE uye hutsanana hwemaoko.
4. Kupindira kukuru kwevanoyamwisa
a) Kutarisira fivha (hyperthermia)
Fivha chiratidzo chinowanzoonekwa chehutachiona. Vanamukoti vanofanira:
– Tarisa tembiricha nguva nenguva.
– Isa ma compress anodziya sezvakaratidzwa.
- Kurudzira kunwa mvura yakakwana uye kupfeka zvipfeko zvinonyaradza.
– Kushanda pamwe chete mukupa mishonga inorwisa pyretics zvichienderana nezvakanyorwa nachiremba (semuenzaniso paracetamol) uye kudzivirira kupa mishonga pasina chiratidzo.
b) Kudzivirira kupera mvura mumuviri uye rutsigiro rwezvekudya
Muvana vane kurutsa kana manyoka, chinonyanya kutaurwa nezvacho imvura:
- Tarisa huwandu hwemvura inonwiwa, kuwanda kweweti, uye zviratidzo zvekushaya mvura mumuviri.
– Ipai mwana mushonga wekumwa/ORS zvichienderana nemirairo kana achikwanisa kunwa.
- Kushanda pamwe chete nekurapa nemvura inopinzwa mutsinga kuti pave nekushaya mvura yakakwana uye ine mwero.
– Ramba uchidya zvine hutano nekudya zvishoma asi kakawanda, chinja zvinoenderana nemwana.
c) Rutsigiro rwekufema
Kune hutachiona hwemudumbu:
- Tarisa mwero wekufema, kuwanda kweokisijeni mumuviri, ruzha rwekufema, uye zviratidzo zvekushungurudzika.
- Nzvimbo yekufema iri pakati nepakati (Semi-Fowler) inobatsira kufema.
- Kushanda pamwe chete ne oxygenation, nebulization, kana mamwe marapirwo zvichienderana nemirairo yechiremba.
– Dzidzisai vabereki kuti vangabatsira sei mwana wavo kukosora zvinobudirira kana kubvisa mhino dzavo zvichienderana nezera ravo.
d) Kuchengetedza ganda nemapundu
Muzvirwere zvevaricella kana gwirikwiti, kuvaviwa uye njodzi yekuwedzera hutachiona zvinowanzoonekwa:
– Chengeta ganda rako rakachena, cheka nzara dzemwana wako pfupi.
– Deredza kukwenya (shandisa magirovhosi akapfava kana zvichidikanwa pavana vacheche).
– Kushanda pamwe chete mukupa mishonga inorwisa mapundu kana inouraya utachiona/inobvisa ganda sezvakataurwa.
– Tarisa kana paine zviratidzo zvehutachiona hwechipiri: kutsvuka, hurwa, kurwadziwa kuri kuwedzera.
e) Kudzora marwadzo uye kunyaradza
Kurwadziwa pahuro, kurwadziwa kwetsandanyama, kana musoro zvinogona kukanganisa kuzorora:
– Ongorora marwadzo zvichienderana nezera (chikero chechiso/FLACC).
– Ipa rubatsiro rusiri rwemishonga: kuvhiringa, mimhanzi, mitambo yakapfava, kumbundirana kwevabereki.
- Kushanda pamwe chete kwemishonga inonyaradza marwadzo zvichienderana nezvakanyorwa nachiremba.
5. Kutaurirana kwekurapa uye nzira yekubatsira vana
Vana vane zvirwere zvinotapukira vanowanzotya nekuda kwenzvimbo dzavasingazive, kushandiswa kwemasiki nevashandi, kana nzira dzekurapa. Vanamukoti vanogona:
- Tsanangura zviito nemutauro uri nyore, unoenderana nezera.
– Kurega vana vachisarudza zvinhu zvidiki (semuenzaniso kusarudza bhandi), kuti vanzwe vachidzora zvinhu.
- Kushandisa mitambo yekuedzesera (semuenzaniso zvidhori) kuderedza kuzvidya mwoyo.
– Batanidzai vabereki se "nzvimbo yakachengeteka" panguva yekuvhiyiwa, kana zvakachengeteka.
Maitiro aya akakosha nekuti kushushikana kunogona kuita kuti mwana anyanye kurwara, kuderedza chido chekudya, uye kukanganisa hope.
6. Dzidzo yemhuri: kiyi yekubudirira mukutarisira pamba
Zvirwere zvakawanda zvinotapukira muvana zvinoda kutarisirwa nguva dzose kumba. Dzidzo yemhuri inofanira kusanganisira:
1. Nzira dzekudzivirira kutapurirana nehutachiona: kugeza maoko, tsika dzekukosora, usagovane midziyo yekudyira, geza nzvimbo dzinobatwa nguva nenguva.
2. Kutevedzera marapirwo: nzira chaiyo yekupa mishonga, purogiramu, uye zvinhu zvekudzivisa (semuenzaniso mishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya haifanirwe kumira nguva isati yakwana kana yakanyorerwa).
3. Zviratidzo zvengozi: kufema zvishoma, miromo yakaita sebhuruu, kusada kunwa, kurutsa nguva dzose, pfari, hope dzakanyanya, mapundu anowedzera, kana zviratidzo zvekupererwa nemvura zvakanyanya.
4. Zvinodiwa zvekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe: vana vanogona kudzoka kuchikoro riini, nzira yekuderedza kusangana nevacheche, vakwegura, kana nhengo dzemhuri dzine dziviriro yemuviri.
5. Kubaiwa nhomba uye kudzivirira kwenguva refu: kukosha kwekutevedzera purogiramu yekubaiwa nhomba uye kubvunza kana paine majekiseni akasapihwa.
Dzidzo inofanira kupihwa muzvikamu, yakanyorwa muchidimbu, uye yakasimbiswa uchishandisa nzira yekuti "dzidzisai zvakare" (vabereki vachidzokorora kunzwisisa kwavo) kudzivirira kusataurirana zvakanaka.
7. Kushandira pamwe kwechikwata uye magwaro
Kutarisirwa kwevana vane zvirwere zvinotapukira kunoda kushanda pamwe chete: vanachiremba vevana, nyanzvi dzezvekudya, vemishonga, vezvemarabhoritari, uye vekudzivirira hutachiona (IPCs). Vakoti vanoshanda sevanopa rubatsiro, vachiona kuti rubatsiro rwunoitwa maererano nehurongwa. Magwaro anofanirwa kusanganisira zviratidzo, zviratidzo zvinokosha, mhedzisiro yekuongorora, kupindira kwakapihwa, mhinduro yemwana, dzidzo yemhuri, uye matanho ekuzviparadzanisa anoitwa.
Penutup
Kutarisirwa kwevana vane zvirwere zvinotapukira kunoda kuenzana pakati pekutarisirwa kwakanaka, kuchengetedzeka kwevarwere, uye kudzivirira kutapurirana kwezvirwere. Nekuongorora kwakarurama, kushandiswa nguva dzose kwekudzivirira kutapurirana, kupindira kwakatarisana nezvinodiwa zvikuru nemwana (fivha, mvura, kufema, kunyaradzwa), uye dzidzo yemhuri inoshanda, vanamukoti vanogona kubatsira vana kupora nekukurumidza vachichengetedza nharaunda yavo. Gwaro iri rinogona kushanda segwaro rinoshanda rekubata nyaya dziri munzvimbo dzehutano uye kupa rutsigiro rwekutarisira kumba.
