Maitiro Ekutora Weti Mumhuka
Kutora weti (weti sampling) inzira inokosha pakuongororwa kwemhuka nekuti ine ruzivo rwakakura nezvehutano hwemuviri. Kuburikidza nekuongorora weti, vanachiremba vemhuka vanogona kuongorora mashandiro eitsvo, mamiriro emvura mumuviri, matambudziko ekugaya chikafu (senge chirwere cheshuga), hutachiona hweweti, uye matambudziko emuviri anokanganisa dzimwe nhengo dzemuviri. Zvisinei, kunaka kwemhedzisiro yekuongorora weti kunokanganiswa zvikuru nemaitiro ekutora weti. Mienzaniso yakasvibiswa, iyo yakachengetwa kwenguva yakareba, kana iyo yakatorwa zvisina kunaka inogona kutungamira mukutsanangurwa zvisirizvo kwemhedzisiro. Nokudaro, kusarudza nzira, kururama kwemaitiro, uye kubata mushure mekutora ndizvo zvakakosha pakuwana sampuro inomiririra.
Chinangwa uye Zviratidzo zveKuunganidzwa kweWeti
Kazhinji, kutora weti kunoshandiswa pakuongorora muviri (ruvara, kujeka, hwema, huwandu), kuongorora makemikari (pH, mapuroteni, glucose, ketones, bilirubin), uye kuongorora matope nemaikorosikopu (masero eropa, makristaro, mabhakitiriya, madhaka). Zviratidzo zvekutora weti zvinosanganisira mhuka dzine zviratidzo zvekuramba dzichiita weti, kuita weti inorwadza, kuita weti inorwadza, kuita hematuria, kusadya kudya, kurutsa, kuita polyuria-polydipsia, kana seongororo yenguva dzose usati watora anesthesia nedzimwe nzira dzekurapa. Muzvipfuyo, kuongororwa weti kunogonawo kushandiswa kutarisa matambudziko emetabolism uye mamiriro ehutano hweboka.
Kugadzirira Kwazvo Usati Watora Sampuli
Usati watora sampuro, zvakakosha kugadzirira michina uye kusimbisa kuzivikanwa kwemhuka uye chinangwa chekuongororwa. Midziyo inowanzodiwa inosanganisira mudziyo usina utachiona une chivharo, magirovhosi, sirinji netsono (yemamwe matekiniki), mushonga unouraya utachiona, donje/gauze, uye label yekunyora sampuro. Weti itsva inofanira kutorwa, zviri nani weti yekutanga yemangwanani, sezvo inowanzo kuve yakabatana uye inomiririra zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana.
Zvinhu zvinoshungurudza zvinofanirawo kufungwa nezvazvo. Kushushikana kunogona kukanganisa kuwanda kwekuita weti, huwandu hweshuga, uye kutokonzera kusvibiswa nekuda kwekuoma kwekutonga kwemhuka. Kumhuka diki dzakadai sekatsi nembwa, nzira yakadzikama uye kuzvidzora kwakakodzera zvinoderedza njodzi yekukuvara uye zvinorerutsa maitiro acho. Kumhuka huru dzakadai semombe kana mabhiza, kubata kwakachengeteka kwakakosha kune vese vanobata weti nemhuka.
Nzira Yokutora Weti
Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuunganidza weti kubva kumhuka. Sarudzo yenzira inoenderana nerudzi, mamiriro emhuka, kuwanikwa kwemidziyo, chinangwa chekuongorora (semuenzaniso, hutachiona hwebhakitiriya hunoda sampuro isina utachiona zvakanyanya), uye hunyanzvi hwemushandisi.
1. Kuunganidzwa kweWeti Yepachivande (Kubatwa Kwemahara)
Nzira iri nyore ndeyekuunganidza weti panguva yekuzviitira weti. Sampuro inounganidzwa mumudziyo wakachena kana usina utachiona. Mumbwa, nzira iyi iri nyore nekutungamira mudziyo murwizi rweweti. Mukati, zvinogona kuitwa nekushandisa bhokisi remarara risingamwi weti (semuenzaniso, mapurasitiki) kudzivirira kunyudzwa kweweti, wobva wadurura sampuro mumudziyo usina utachiona.
Zvakanakira nzira iyi ndeyekuti hainyanyi kupindira mumuviri, hairwadzi, uye haidi michina yakakosha. Dambudziko nderekuti sampuro yacho inosvibiswa nyore nyore nemabhakitiriya anobva paganda, bvudzi, nharaunda, kana nhengo dzesikarudzi. Saka, nzira iyi yakakodzera kuongororwa nguva dzose (semuenzaniso, simba remuviri, pH, glucose), asi haina kunaka pakuongororwa kweweti nekuda kwekuwedzera kwenjodzi yekunyepa.
2. Kugadziriswa kweUrethral Catheterization
Kuisa catheter mudumbu kunoitwa nekuisa catheter isina utachiona kuburikidza neurethra ichipinda mudundira. Nzira iyi inowanzo shandiswa kumbwa hono, asi inonyanya kuoma mumbwa dzechikadzi nekatsi. Maitiro aya anoda nzira isina utachiona: nzvimbo yepabonde inocheneswa, catheter isina utachiona inoshandiswa, uye mafuta asina utachiona anogona kuiswa kuti zvive nyore kuisa.
Chinhu chakanaka chekushandisa catheterization ndechekuti sample yacho yakachena pane free-catch uye inobvumira dundira kubuda ropa kana weti yaramba iripo. Zvisinei, nzira iyi ine njodzi yekukuvara kweurethra, kubuda ropa, kuunza hutachiona, uye kunogona kukonzera kushushikana kana kurwadziwa. Kushandisa catheter kunogonawo kukonzera kusvibiswa kwemasero kana kusabereka kusina kuchengetwa zvakanaka. Kune mabhakitiriya, catheterization iri nani pane free-catch, asi ichiri isina utachiona kupfuura cystocentesis.
3. Kubuda kwemasero eropa (cystocentesis)
Cystocentesis inzira yekuunganidzira weti kubva mudundira uchishandisa tsono nesirinjisi kuburikidza nemadziro edumbu. Nzira iyi inoonekwa seyemhando isina utachiona yakanyanya, zvichiita kuti ikurumidze kuongororwa kuti ikwanise kucheneswa nemhuka uye kuongororwa kwehutachiona hwemabhakitiriya. Inowanzoitwa mumbwa nekatsi, kazhinji nekubata dundira kana kutungamira neultrasound kuti pave nekururama uye kuchengetedzeka.
Zvakanakira zve cystocentesis zvinosanganisira kusvibiswa kushoma kubva muurethra nenhengo dzesikarudzi, uye muenzaniso wakakodzera wekuongorora microbiological. Zvakashata ndezvekuti nzira iyi inopindira uye ine njodzi dzakadai se hematuria nekuda kwekukuvara kudiki, kubuda kweweti, kana kukuvara kwenhengo dzakapoteredza kana nzira yacho isiriyo. Cystocentesis inofanira kudzivirirwa kana dundira risina kuzara, kana paine chirwere chekuvharika kweropa, kana kana dundira richifungidzirwa kuti rakaita seguruva kana kuputika.
4. Kubuda Kwedundira Nemaoko
Kushanda nemaoko kunosanganisira kudzvanya dundira nepamadziro edumbu kuti weti ibude. Nzira iyi inonyanya kushandiswa kune dzimwe mhuka diki kana varwere vane matambudziko etsinga vasingagone kubuda ropa zvakanaka. Zvisinei, kungwarira kunofanira kuitwa nekuti kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunogona kukonzera weti kupinda muureter kana kutoputika dundira, kunyanya kana paine kuvharika kweurethra.
Nzira iyi ine njodzi yekuburitsa masampuro ane utachiona nekuti weti inobuda nemuurethra, sezvinoitwa ne free-catch. Uyezve, kutaura nemaoko hakukurudzirwi kumhuka dzine fungidziro yekuvharika (semuenzaniso, katsi hono dzine vharika) sezvo zvinogona kuwedzera dambudziko racho.
5. Matekiniki Akakosha eZvipfuyo neMhuka Huru
Mumombe, mbudzi, nemakwai, kuunganidzwa kweweti kunogona kuitwa nekukurudzira perineum kana vulva (muvakadzi) kuti vatange kuita weti, uye vozotora weti. Mumabhiza, weti inogona kuunganidzwa panguva yekuzviitira weti, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvichida mwoyo murefu uye kutarisa maitiro. Mune zvimwe zviitiko, kuisirwa weti mumhuka hombe kunogona kuitwa pamhuka hombe, asi izvi zvinoda hunyanzvi hwakasiyana uye nzvimbo dzakakwana.
Kushiri, kuunganidzwa kweweti kwakaoma nekuti kubuda kweweti kunosanganiswa netsvina muchimiro cheurates. Ongororo inowanzo nyanya kukoshesa kuongorora tsvina nezvimwe zvirwere kupfuura kuongororwa kweweti kwakajairika, sezvinoitwa nemhuka dzinoyamwisa.
Kubata, Kuchengeta, uye Kutakura Muenzaniso
Kana sampuro yawanikwa, danho rinotevera kubata zvakanaka. Sampuro inofanira kuiswa mumudziyo usina utachiona, wakavharwa zvakasimba, wakanyorwa zita remhuka, zuva nenguva yekutora, uye nzira yekutora. Kuedza kunofanira kuitwa mukati memaminitsi makumi matatu kusvika makumi matanhatu kubva pakutora kudzivirira shanduko dzepH, kukura kwebhakitiriya, lysis yemasero, uye crystallization. Kana kunonoka kuchidikanwa, sampuro dzinogona kuchengetwa mufiriji (inenge 2–8°C) uye dzodzoserwa kusvika patembiricha yemumba usati waongorora, kunyanya kuti dziongororwe sediment.
Pakuumbwa kwemabhakitiriya, kutakurwa kuenda kurabhoritari kunofanira kuitwa nekukurumidza sezvinobvira, uchishandisa zvirongo zvisina utachiona, uye kutevedzera nzira dzekuchengetedza ganda kana zvichidikanwa. Kusvibiswa panguva yekuvhurwa kwemudziyo kana kushandisa zvishandiso zvisina utachiona kunofanira kudzivirirwa.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Hunhu hweMuenzaniso
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinowanzo kanganisa kunaka kwemuenzaniso zvinosanganisira kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, kushandiswa kwemidziyo isina utachiona, kunonoka kuongororwa, uye kusadzora zvakanaka, izvo zvinogona kukonzera ropa muweti nekuda kwekukuvara. Mishonga nekudya zvinogonawo kukanganisa ruvara, pH, uye kuvapo kwemakristaro. Nokudaro, nhoroondo yekurapa yemhuka—kusanganisira chero nzira dzekurapa dziripo—inofanira kunyorwa pakutumira mienzaniso.
Mhedziso
Maitiro ekutora weti mumhuka anofanira kusarudzwa nemazvo, zvichienderana nechinangwa chekuongororwa, mamiriro emurwere, uye zviwanikwa zviripo. Kubata weti zviri nyore asi zvinokurumidza kusvibiswa; catheterization inopa muenzaniso wakachena asi ine njodzi yekukuvara nehutachiona; nepo cystocentesis ichigadzira muenzaniso wakachena uye wakakodzera kurera. Kushandiswa nemaoko kunongoitwa chete mumamiriro ezvinhu akati wandei nekungwarira kwakanyanya, uye mumhuka hombe, nzira chaiyo yerudzi inodiwa. Pasinei nenzira ipi, kubudirira kweweti kunotsamira zvakanyanya kuburikidza nemaitiro asina utachiona, kubata kwesampuli nemazvo, uye kuongororwa nekukurumidza. Nehunyanzvi hwakanaka, sampuro dzeweti dzinogona kuva chishandiso chakarurama chekuongorora uye zvinobatsira zvikuru mukuona kurapwa uye kutarisa hutano hwemhuka.
