Zvidzidzo zveMishonga Inorwisa Zvipembenene yeMhuka
Pendauluan
Zvipembenene ndizvo zvinokonzera matambudziko ehutano mumhuka, mhuka dzinovaraidza nemhuka. Zvipembenene zvinotapukira hazvingoderedzi hupenyu hwemhuka chete asi zvinogonawo kukanganisa kubereka kwezvipfuyo, kuwedzera mari yehutano, uye mune dzimwe nguva zvinokonzera njodzi yekutapurirana kuvanhu (zoonosis). Nokudaro, mishonga inorwisa zvipembenene yave chikamu chakakosha chemaitiro emazuva ano emhuka. Zvidzidzo pamishonga inorwisa zvipembenene kumhuka zvinosanganisira kunzwisisa mhando dzezvipembenene, mashandiro azvo, maitiro akakodzera ekushandisa, uye kutyisidzira kuri kukura kwekusagona kudzivirira zvipembenene.
Mhando dzezvipembenene mumhuka
Kazhinji, tupukanana twemhuka twakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri makuru: ectoparasites ne endoparasites. Ectoparasites dzinogara pamusoro pemuviri wemhuka, senge nhata, zvikwekwe, zvikwekwe, nenhunzi. Ectoparasites dzinokonzera kuvaviwa, maronda eganda, anemia nekuda kwekurasikirwa neropa, uye dzinogonawo kushanda senzira dzezvirwere zvakaita se babesiosis kana ehrlichiosis mumbwa. Panguva imwe chete, endoparasites dzinogara mumuviri, dzakadai semakonye emudumbu (nematodes, cestodes, trematodes), protozoa (Giardia, Coccidia), uye heartworms (Dirofilaria mumbwa).
Muzvipfuyo zvakaita semombe, mbudzi, makwai, nehuku, endoparasites dzinowanzova ndidzo dzinokonzera kudzikira kwehuremu nekugadzirwa, nepo ectoparasites dzichigona kukonzera kushushikana, kukuvara kweganda, uye kuderedza mhando yezvigadzirwa zvezvipfuyo zvakaita semukaka neganda.
Pfungwa yeMishonga Inodzivirira Zvipembenene (Inodzivirira Zvipembenene)
Mishonga inorwisa tupukanana imishonga inoshandiswa kuuraya, kumisa kupararira kweutachiona, kana kudzivirira kukura kwetupukanana. Muchokwadi, mishonga inorwisa tupukanana inowanzoiswa muzvikamu zvichienderana nechinangwa chayo:
1. Mishonga yeAnthelmintic: yehonye (semuenzaniso albendazole, ivermectin, praziquantel).
2. Mushonga wekudzivirira mavhairasi: weprotozoa (semuenzaniso metronidazole, toltrazuril).
3. Mishonga inouraya tupukanana: yezvipembenene zvekunze (semuenzaniso fipronil, permethrin, amitraz, selamectin).
Kusarudzwa kwemushonga kunoenderana nerudzi rwetupukanana, mhando dzemhuka, zera, mamiriro emuviri (semuenzaniso, pamuviri kana kuyamwisa), huwandu hwehutachiona, uye nhoroondo yekushandiswa kwemushonga kare.
Maitiro Ekuita Kwemishonga Inorwisa Zvipembenene
Zvidzidzo zvemishonga yekurwisa tupukanana zvinoratidza mashandiro anoita mishonga pamaitiro emuviri etupukanana. Dzimwe nzira dzakajairika dzekuita dzinosanganisira:
1. Inokanganisa tsinga dzemuviri dzechirwere ichi
Semuenzaniso, ivermectin nedzimwe macrocyclic lactones dzinoshanda pamigero yechloride inofambiswa neglutamate, zvichikonzera kuoma mitezo nekufa kwechirwere ichi. Nzira iyi inoshanda pakurwisa mhando dzakasiyana dzema nematodes nedzimwe ectoparasites.
2. Inodzivirira kushandiswa kwesimba mumuviri
Albendazole nebenzimidazoles zvinodzivisa kuumbwa kwema microtubules ezvipembenene, nokudaro zvichikanganisa kutorwa kweglucose mumuviri. Zvipembenene izvi zvinozopedzisira zvafa nekuda kwekushaya simba.
3. Kukuvadza ganda remuviri kana membrane yechirwere ichi
Praziquantel, iyo inowanikwa muhonye dzemudumbu, inowedzera kupinda kwecalcium ions mumembrane, zvichikonzera kusungwa kwemhasuru uye kukuvara kwemuviri wechirwere ichi.
4. Inodzivisa kugadzirwa kweDNA kana kupatsanurwa kwemasero eprotozoan
Mamwe maantiprotozoa anoshanda nekudzivisa mashandiro emuviri akakosha kumaprotozoa, nokudaro achimisa kubereka.
Kuziva mashandiro aya kwakakosha pakusarudza mushonga wakakodzera uye kuderedza mukana wekusakwanisa kurapwa.
Fomu reDosage uye Nzira yeKushandisa
Mishonga yekudzivirira tupukanana inowanikwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, yakagadzirirwa zvinodiwa nerudzi urwu uye mamiriro azvinochengetwa. Muzvipfuyo, mishonga inowanzouya muchimiro chemapiritsi anotsengwa, mishonga inongoiswa paganda, shampoo, collars dzinodzivirira tupukanana, kana majekiseni. Muzvipfuyo, mishonga yemuromo (drenches), majekiseni epasi peganda, maduru, kana zvekudya zvinowanzo shandiswa.
Nzira yekupa mushonga uyu ndiyo inonyanya kuratidza kushanda kwemushonga uyu. Semuenzaniso, kudurura mushonga uyu mumombe kunoshanda pakurwisa ectoparasites nedzimwe endoparasites, asi kunoda kupiwa mushonga chaiwo zvichienderana nehuremu hwemuviri. Mumbwa nekatsi, mushonga uyu ungada kuiswa nguva nenguva mwedzi wega wega kudzivirira nhata nezvikwekwe.
Kuchengetedzwa, Migumisiro Yezvimwe Zvisizvo, uye Kufunga Nezvemarudzi
Haisi mishonga yese yakachengeteka kumhuka dzese. Ongororo dzezvehupfu dzakaratidza kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvinoshanda zvinogona kukuvadza kune dzimwe mhando dzemhuka. Semuenzaniso, permethrin yakachengeteka kumbwa asi ine chepfu zvikuru kukati. Uyezve, dzimwe mhando dzembwa (dzakadai seCollies nehama dzadzo) dzine shanduko mujini reMDR1 inoita kuti dzinzwe zvakanyanya kune ivermectin yakawanda.
Migumisiro inogona kuitika inosanganisira kurutsa, manyoka, kuneta, ganda rinoita serinoiswa panzvimbo yaro, uye kunyange zvirwere zvetsinga kana paine chepfu. Saka, mishonga yekudzivirira tupukanana inofanira kushandiswa zvichienderana nekurudziro yachiremba wemhuka, kunyanya kumhuka diki, mhuka dzine mimba, kana mhuka dzine mamwe matambudziko ehutano.
Kuramba Zvipembenene: Dambudziko Guru
Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kutariswa neongororo yemazuva ano yekurwisa tupukanana inyaya yekuti tupukanana tunorasikirwa nepfungwa dzatwo kumishonga yaimboshanda. Kusagona tupukanana kunowanzoitika mumakonye emudumbu mumapurazi nekuda kwekushandisa mishonga kakawanda, kupiwa mishonga isina kukodzera, kana nzira dzekudzivirira dzisina kukwana.
Migumisiro yekusagona kudzivirira zvipembenene yakakura: hutachiona hunova hwakaoma kudzora, mitengo inowedzera, uye njodzi yekurasikirwa kwezvibereko inowedzera. Nokudaro, vaongorori vanotsigira nzira ye "kudzora kwakabatana" inosanganisira kuchinjanisa mishonga, kuyera mishonga nemazvo, kutarisira dura zvakanaka, uye kuongororwa nguva dzose kwetsvina kuti vaone huwandu hwehutachiona.
Chirongwa Chekudzivirira uye Kudzora
Zvidzidzo zvemishonga yekurwisa tupukanana zvinosimbisawo kukosha kwekudzivirira, kwete kungorapa chete. Chirongwa chinoshanda chekudzivirira tupukanana chine matanho akati wandei:
1. Kuongorora chirwere nemazvo kuburikidza nekuongororwa kwetsvina, kuongororwa ropa, kana kuongororwa kweganda.
2. Kurapwa kwakarongwa zvichienderana nehupenyu hwezvipembenene uye njodzi yezvakatipoteredza.
3. Kutarisira kuchena kwemakeji, kutarisira ndove, uye kudzora huwandu hwevanhu vanodya zvipembenene.
4. Kugara uchitarisa kuti mushonga wacho uchiri kushanda uye kuti hausi kuramba mushonga wacho.
Muzvipfuyo, kudzivirira nhata, zvikwekwe, uye honye dzemwoyo kunowanzo kurudzirwa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzinowanikwa mhuka dzakawanda. Muzvipfuyo, nzira dzekudyara mafuro dzichichinjana uye kuderedza kuwanda kwezvipfuyo zvinogona kubatsira kuputsa kutenderera kwehupenyu hwehonye.
Kutungamira kweKutsvagisa neKugadzira Zvinhu Zvitsva
Tsvagiridzo yekurwisa tupukanana iri kuramba ichikura. Kune mafambiro akati wandei akakosha, akadai sekuvandudzwa kwemamorekuru matsva anonyanya kusarudza tupukanana, matekinoroji ekuburitsa mishonga kwenguva refu, uye majekiseni ekurwisa tupukanana achiri kugadzirwa emhando dzakasiyana dzetupukanana twezvipfuyo. Pamusoro pezvo, nzira dzehupenyu dzakadai sekushandisa fungus dzinodya honye (zvinodya honye) uye mamwe ma probiotics ari kutangawo kutsvakurudzwa sekuwedzera pakudzora makemikari.
Imwe nzira itsva yekushandisa data re epidemiological uye mashandisirwo edhijitari kuona nguva yekupa mishonga zvakanyatsonaka, zvichiita kuti kushandiswa kwemishonga kuve kwakanyatsonaka uye kuderedza njodzi yekusagona kurapwa.
Mhedziso
Kudzidza mishonga yekurwisa tupukanana kumhuka inzvimbo yakakosha inobatanidza parasitology, pharmacology, manejimendi yehutano hwemhuka, uye hutano hweveruzhinji. Mishonga yekurwisa tupukanana inoita basa guru mukuvandudza hupenyu hwemhuka dzinovaraidza uye kubereka kwezvipfuyo, asi kushandiswa kwayo kunofanirwa kunge kwakakodzera kuchengetedzeka uye kushanda zvakanaka. Kutyisidzira kwekusagona kurwisa tupukanana kunoita kuti nzira dzekudzivirira dzakabatana dzive dzakakosha, dzichitsigirwa nekuongorora kwakarurama uye nzira dzakanaka dzekuchengeta nadzo. Kuenderera mberi, kutsvagisa mishonga mitsva, dzimwe nzira dzehupenyu, uye matekinoroji ekudzivirira epamusoro-soro anotarisirwa kusimbisa kuedza kwekudzivirira tupukanana kwenguva refu.
