Kunzwisisa Sisitimu Yekugaya Mumhuka Dzinodya Zvipfuyo
Mhuka dzinodya nyama dzerudzi rwe "ruminant" iboka remhuka dzine masisitimu ekugaya akasiyana anodzigonesa kugaya chikafu chine fiber yakawanda senge uswa nemashizha. Mhuka idzi dzinosanganisira mombe, mbudzi, makwai, mhembwe, uye nyati. Kusasiyana kwesisitimu yekugaya nyama ye "ruminant" kuri mudumbu rayo rine zvikamu zvina, rinozivikanwa se "rumen", "reticulum", "omasum", uye "abomasum". Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora masisitimu ekugaya nyama ye "ruminant" zvakadzama, chichipa pfupiso yekuti kugaya kunoitika sei uye nei ichishanda zvakanaka pakugadzira chikafu chine fiber yakawanda.
1. Rumen
Rumen ndiyo chikamu chekutanga uye chikuru chedumbu rinodya nyama, zvichibvumira mhuka kutakura chikafu chakawanda. Semuenzaniso, kugona kwerumen kwemombe yakakura kunogona kusvika marita 150-200. Basa guru rerumen nderekushanda senzvimbo yekuvirisa anaerobic netupukanana twakadai semabhakitiriya, protozoa, uye fungi. Tupukanana utwu tunobatsira mukugaya cellulose nehemicellulose, zvikamu zviviri zvikuru zvefiber yemiti zvinonetsa kugaya ma enzymes ekugaya mhuka.
Maitiro ekuvirisa rumen anogadzira zvimwe zvinhu zvakaita se volatile fatty acids (VFAs), zvinosanganisira acetic, propionic, uye butyric acids, izvo zvinozotorwa nemadziro erumen uye zvinoshandiswa sesimba guru remhuka. Pamusoro peVFAs, kuvirisa kunogadzirawo methane necarbon dioxide, izvo zvinowanzoburitswa nemhuka kuburikidza nekudzvanya.
2. Reticulum
Reticulum, inowanzonzi "huneycomb" nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yemukati yakaita sehuchi, ndiyo chikamu chechipiri chedumbu rinodya nyama. Iri pedyo nerumen uye inoshanda nayo zvakanyanya. Chikafu chakaviriswa murumen chinopinda mureticulum. Basa guru rereticulum nderekubatsira mukugadzirisa zvidimbu zvechikafu zvakakura nekuzviparadzanisa kuita zvidiki nezvikuru.
Zvidimbu zvechikafu zvikuru zvinosanganiswa nemate zvobva zvagadziriswazve nekudzikisa kuti mhuka irambe ichitsenga, nzira inozivikanwa se 'cud chewing.' Maitiro aya anotora nguva yakareba, zvichibvumira mhuka kupwanya zvidimbu zvechikafu kuita zvidimbu zvidiki, zviri nyore kugayiwa sezvazvinopinda muchikamu chinotevera chedumbu.
3. Omasum
Omasum chikamu chechitatu chedumbu rinodya nyama uye inozivikanwa se "bhuku" nekuda kwemapete ayo akawanda, akafanana nemapeji ebhuku. Basa guru reomasum nderekupinza mvura nezvinovaka muviri kubva muchikafu chakagayiwa zvishoma. Mapete ari mukati meomasum anowedzera nzvimbo yepamusoro yekunyudzwa.
Pamusoro pekunwisa mvura, omasum inonwisawo mafuta acids anosara kubva ku rumen ne reticulum fermentation, pamwe chete nemamwe ma electrolytes nema minerals akawanda. Zvidimbu zvidiki zvekudya zvinogayiwawo pano zvisati zvaenderera mberi kusvika ku abomasum.
4. Abomasum
Abomasum, inozivikanwawo se'dumbu rechokwadi,' chikamu chechina uye chekupedzisira chedumbu rinodya nyama uye chinonyanya kufanana nedumbu remunhu mumwe chete, sevanhu. Pano, maenzymes nemaacids emudumbu anotanga kushanda nesimba kuputsa mapuroteni nezvimwe zvinovaka muviri kuburikidza nekugaya makemikari.
Mu abomasum, ma enzymes e pepsin ne hydrochloric acid anoburitswa kuti aputse mapuroteni kuita ma peptides nema amino acids, ayo anobva anyudzwa muura hudiki. Kuburitswa kwema enzyme uku kwakakosha pakuona kuti zvinovaka muviri zvinosara muchikafu zvinonyururwa zvakanaka.
5. Ura Hudiki neUra Hukuru
Mushure mekugadzirisa mu abomasum, chikafu chinogayiwa chinopinda muura hudiki. Apa ndipo panowanikwa kunyudzwa kwezvinovaka muviri zvakawanda. Utumbu hudiki hwemhuka dzinodya nyama dzine ma enzyme akasiyana-siyana anobatsira mukupwanywa kwema carbohydrate, mapuroteni, nemafuta kuita zviri nyore uye zvinokwanisa kunyudzwa.
Zvisaririra zvisina kumedzwa zvinozopinda muura hukuru, uko mvura yakawanda inonyudzwa uye microflora yemudumbu inoramba ichiviriswa. Padanho iri, zvigadzirwa zvekupedzisira zvekugaya zvinosanganisira fiber isingagayike, masero akafa, uye tupukanana. Maitiro aya anoguma nekuumbwa kwetsvina, iyo inozoburitswa mumuviri.
Kukosha Kwekudya Kwevanhu Vane Zvinovaka Muviri Uye Kutarisira Zvokudya
Kunzwisisa nzira yekugaya chikafu chemhuka dzinodya mhuka kwakakosha pakutarisira chikafu zvakanaka. Kudya kwakanaka uye kwakaringana kwakakosha pahutano hwemhuka uye kubereka. Kudya kunopiwa kunofanirwa kunge kune fiber yakakwana kuti kusimudzire kushanda kwerumen uye kufashaidza kwayo. Uyezve, zvinodiwa nemapuroteni nesimba zvinofanirwa kuzadzikiswa kuti zvitsigire kukura, kugadzirwa kwemukaka, uye basa rekubereka.
Kudya zvakanyanya kana kusadya zvakakwana kunogonawo kukonzera matambudziko akadai serumen acidosis kana ketosis. Nokudaro, kunzwisisa mashandiro ekuvirisa rumen uye kutarisira chikafu zvakanaka kunogona kubatsira kuchengetedza hutano hwemhuka dzinodya mhuka.
Mhedziso
Sisitimu yekudya inochera ndeimwe yemasisitimu ehupenyu akaomarara uye anoshanda zvakanaka, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kugaya nekushandisa zvinhu zvakaoma kugaya chikafu zvakaita sefayibha. Maitiro anoitika murumen, reticulum, omasum, uye abomasum, pamwe neura hudiki nehukuru, anoratidza kugadzikana kunoshamisa uye kushanda zvakanaka kwesisitimu iyi. Nekunzwisisa mashandiro anoita sisitimu iyi, tinogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhuka dzinochera dzinowana kutarisirwa kwakanakisa uye kudya kunovaka muviri kuti dzitsigire hutano hwadzo nekubudirira kwadzo.
