Maitiro Ekudzorera Mwoyo Mumapapu
Kudzoserwa kweropa mumapapu (CPR), kana kuti inozivikanwa pasi rose seCardiopulmonary Resuscitation (CPR), inzira yekubatsira vanhu kutanga kana munhu akabatwa nechirwere chekufema kana kushaya simba kwemoyo. Dambudziko iri rinogona kuitika nekuda kwechirwere chemwoyo, kudzipwa, kunyura mumvura, tsaona, kuvhunduka kwemagetsi, kana matambudziko anokonzerwa nezvimwe zvirwere. Mumamiriro ezvinhu enjodzi, CPR inzira yakakosha nekuti inogona kuchengetedza kuyerera kweropa muuropi nenhengo dzakakosha kusvika rubatsiro rwechiremba rwasvika. Chinyorwa chino chinotaura nezvenzira yeCPR, matanho anobatanidzwa mukuita kwayo, uye zvinhu zvakakosha zvekucherechedza.
Tsanangudzo uye Chinangwa cheCPR
CPR inovavarira kutsiva kwenguva pfupi kushanda kwemwoyo nemapapu zvakamira. Kana moyo ukarega kupomba ropa, okisijeni muuropi inomiswa. Mukati memaminitsi angangoita 4-6 pasina okisijeni, njodzi yekukuvara zvachose kweuropi inowedzera zvakanyanya. Saka, chiito chekukurumidza ndicho chakakosha. CPR inobatsira kuchengetedza kutenderera kweropa kuburikidza nekudzvanywa kwechipfuva uye, mune dzimwe nguva, inobatsira kuendesa okisijeni kuburikidza nekufema kwekuponesa.
Muchokwadi, CPR haigari "ichimutsa" munhu wacho zvakananga, asi inowedzera mikana yemunhu wacho yekupona kusvika kurapwa kwakadai sekugadziriswa kwemuviri kana kurapwa kwakanyanya kwagamuchirwa.
Nheyo dzeKuchengetedza Dziviriro Usati Wabatsira
Vasati vaita CPR, vanunuri vanofanira kufunga nezvekuchengetedzwa kwavo, kuchengetedzeka kwemunhu anenge akuvadzwa, uye nharaunda yakapoteredza. Dzivisai kununura munzvimbo dzine njodzi dzakadai sepedyo netambo dzemagetsi dziri pachena, nzvimbo dzinodzima moto, kana kuti motokari dzakawanda dzisina matanho ekuchengetedza. Nheyo iyi inowanzopfupikiswa mupfungwa yekuti "mununuri akachengeteka, munhu anenge akuvadzwa akachengeteka, nharaunda yakachengeteka."
Danho rekutanga rinokurudzirwa nderekutarisa mhinduro yemunhu akabatwa. Dana nenzwi guru, rova zvinyoro nyoro pafudzi remunhu akabatwa, uye tarisa kana paine chero chiito, senge kuvhura maziso ake kana kufamba. Kana munhu akabatwa asingapindure, kumbira mumwe munhu kuti afonere emergency services uye uwane AED (Automated External Defibrillator) kana iripo.
Kuziva Kusungwa Kwemwoyo Uye Kusungwa Kwekufema
Zviratidzo zvekumira kwemwoyo nekufema muvanhu vakuru zvinosanganisira:
1. Kusaziva kana kusateerera.
2. Kusafema zvakanaka (kufemera kana kufemera panze kunogona kuitika).
3. Kusaita kurova kwemoyo (kwevashandi vakadzidziswa vachitarisa kurova kwemoyo).
Kune vanhu vasina ruzivo rwekununura, kutarisa kurova kwemoyo kunowanzova kwakaoma uye kunotora nguva. Saka, mitemo yemazuva ano yekubatsira vanhu kutanga inosimbisa kuti: kana munhu wacho asina chaanoziva uye asingafeme zvakanaka, tanga kudzvanya chipfuva nekukurumidza.
Maitiro eCPR eVakuru: Matanho Akakosha
CPR yevakuru inowanzo tarisa pakudzvinyirirwa kwechipfuva kwakasimba uye nekukurumidza. Nzira inowanzoshandiswa ndeye CAB: Kudzvanywa, Nzira yekufema, Kufema.
1. Kudzvinyirirwa kweChipfuva
– Isa munhu wacho nemanhede ake panzvimbo yakati sandara, yakaoma.
– Pfugama padivi pemunhu akabatwa, enzanisa nechipfuva.
– Isa chanza cheruoko rwekutanga pakati pechipfuva (pamusoro pe sternum), wobva waisa ruoko rwechipiri pamusoro peruoko rwekutanga wobatanidza minwe.
- Tambanudza maoko ako, shandisa uremu hwemuviri kudzvanya.
Kudzika kwekudzvanyirira: anenge 5–6 cm muvanhu vakuru.
Kudzvanywa kwemuchina: ka100–120 paminiti.
Chiyero chekudzvanya nekufema: 30 kudzvanya: kufema kaviri (kana uchifema kuti ubatsire).
Chinhu chakakosha chinowanzo kanganwika ndechekubvumira chipfuva kudzokera panzvimbo yacho yekutanga mushure mekudzvanywa kwega kwega (kudzokera shure). Izvi zvinobvumira moyo kuzadza ropa usati wadzvanywazve.
2. Kuvhura Nzira Yekufema
Mushure mekudzvanywa ka30, kana mununuri agadzirira kufema, vhura nzira yekufema uchishandisa nzira yekusimudza musoro nekurereka chirebvu:
– Ruoko rumwe runodzvanya huma yemunhu akabatwa kuti musoro wake usimudzwe zvishoma.
– Minwe miviri yerumwe ruoko inosimudza chirebvu chemunhu akabatwa.
Nzira iyi inobatsira kuvhura nzira yekufema inogona kuvharwa nerurimi kune munhu asina chaanoziva. Zvisinei, kana paine chinofungidzirwa kuti pane kukuvara kwemusana wemuromo wechibereko (semuenzaniso, mutsaona yemotokari), kuvhura nzira yekufema kunoda kutarisirwa kwakawanda, zviri nani nemunhu akadzidziswa.
3. Kununura Kufema (Kufema)
– Vhara mhino yemunhu akabatwa (dzvanya nemunwe wako).
– Vhara muromo wemunhu akabatwa nechirwere nemuromo wemununuri (kana kushandisa chifukidzo chemaziso).
– Fema kwesekondi imwe chete kusvika chipfuva chemunhu wacho chaita sechasimuka.
– Dzokorora kufema kaviri.
Kana vanunuri vasina kudzidziswa, vasina kugadzikana, kana kuti vasina michina yekudzivirira, CPR yemaoko chete ichiri kukurudzirwa zvikuru. Kudzvanya nekukurumidza uye kwakasimba kuchiri kupa mabhenefiti akakosha mumaminitsi akakosha.
Kushandisa AED muCPR
AED imuchina wekudzikisa mwoyo unoshanda wega unoongorora rhythm yemoyo uye unoburitsa shock yemagetsi kana zvichidikanwa. Zviitiko zvakawanda zvekumira kwemwoyo kamwe kamwe zvinokonzerwa nekusagadzikana kwerhythm senge ventricular fibrillation, uye defibrillation ndiyo nzira huru yekurapa.
Nzira dzakajairika dzekushandisa AED:
1. Batidza AED.
2. Batanidza ma electrode pads zvichienderana nemufananidzo uri pachishandiso (kazhinji rimwe riri pachipfuva chepamusoro kurudyi, rimwe riri pasi kuruboshwe).
3. Iva nechokwadi chekuti hapana anobata munhu anenge abatwa nechirwere panguva iyo AED iri kuongorora.
4. Kana AED ichiratidza kuti pane shock, iva nechokwadi chekuti nzvimbo yacho yakachengeteka wodzvanya bhatani rekuvhundutsa (kana kuti mudziyo wacho unoburitsa shock yacho woga).
5. Ramba uchirapa CPR mushure mekunge shock yaitwa kana kuti kana shock isingakurudzirwi.
Kusanganiswa kweCPR yakanaka uye kushandiswa kweAED nekukurumidza ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha pakurarama kwemunhu anenge abatwa nechirwere ichi.
CPR muVana nevacheche (Ongororo)
CPR muvana nevacheche ine misimboti yakafanana, asi nzira dzacho dzakasiyana nekuda kwehukuru hwemuviri uye chikonzero chekumira kwekufema/mwoyo chinowanzoenderana nematambudziko ekufema.
Muvana:
– Kudzika kwekudzvanywa kunosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chedhayamita yechipfuva.
– Chiyero chekumanikidzwa kwekufema chinogona kusiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwevanunuri (kazhinji 30:2 kumununuri mumwe chete, 15:2 kune vanunuri vaviri vakadzidziswa).
Muvacheche:
– Kudzvanya kunoitwa neminwe miviri (mununuri mumwe chete) kana nzira yekushandisa zvigunwe zviviri zvichitenderera chipfuva (mununuri vaviri).
– Kudzika kwekudzvanywa kwemwana kunosvika chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chedhayamita yechipfuva chemwana.
Nekuti misiyano iyi yakakosha zvikuru, zvinokurudzirwa zvikuru kuti vabereki, vadzidzisi, nevanotarisira vana vapinde muchirongwa chekubatsira vana kutanga uye kudzidziswa kweCPR.
Zvikanganiso Zvakajairika Zvekudzivirira
Zvimwe zvikanganiso zvinowanzoitika pakuita CPR zvinosanganisira:
1. Kunonoka kudzvanywa nekuti zvinotora nguva yakareba kuti utarise kufema kana kurova kwemoyo.
2. Kudzvanya kunononoka kana kuti kushoma.
3. Kumira kakawanda, semuenzaniso nekuda kwekutya kana kusava nechokwadi.
4. Kuisa ruoko rwako panzvimbo isiriyo zvekuti runodzvanya mbabvu kana dumbu.
5. Kufema kwekuponesa kwakasimba zvakanyanya zvekuti mweya unopinda mudumbu, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekurutsa.
Kudzidzira nguva dzose kunogona kubatsira mununuri kuvaka tsandanyama nekuvandudza kunaka kwekudzvanywa.
Kukosha Kwekudzidziswa Nekugadzirira
Kunyange zvazvo tsananguro dziri muchinyorwa chino dzichigona kupa ruzivo rwakawanda, hunyanzvi hweCPR hwakanakisa hunowanikwa kuburikidza nekudzidziswa nemaoko nemurayiridzi uye nemuenzaniso wekudzidzira. Kudzidziswa kunowanzo sanganisira sumo yeAEDs, matekiniki ekudzipwa, uye kutevedzera mamiriro ezvinhu chaiwo enjodzi. Masangano mazhinji ehutano, Indonesian Red Cross (PMI), zvipatara, nemasangano ekuponesa vanogara vachiita kudzidziswa kweCPR kwakabvumidzwa.
Munzvimbo dzebasa, muzvikoro, uye munzvimbo dzeveruzhinji, kuvapo kweAEDs nevashandi vakadzidziswa CPR kunogona kuwedzera mwero wekurarama kwevanhu vanobatwa nechirwere chemwoyo kamwe kamwe. Kugadzirira hakusi basa revashandi vekurapa chete, asiwo renharaunda.
Penutup
Kudzoserwa kwemwoyo mumapupa (CPR) hunyanzvi hwakakosha hunogona kuponesa hupenyu. Chinhu chikuru cheCPR kuita nekukurumidza, kuve nechokwadi chekuti zvakachengeteka, kudzvanya chipfuva zvakanaka, uye kushandisa AED nekukurumidza kana zvichibvira. Mumamiriro ekunze, ushingi hwekuita chimwe chinhu uye ruzivo rwakakodzera rwekutanga zvinogona kuva mutsauko pakati pehupenyu nerufu. Nokudaro, munhu wese anokurudzirwa kudzidza CPR kuburikidza nekudzidziswa kwakarongeka kuti agadzirire kubatsira kana mamiriro ezvinhu akaoma amuka.
