Kupesvedzera Kwemahormone Pakukura Kwemuviri
Mahormone imishonga inogadzirwa nemasero emudumbu (endocrine glands) uye inoburitswa muropa kuti itonge mashandiro enhengo dzakasiyana-siyana. Pasinei nehukuru hwayo hudiki uye huwandu hwayo hudiki, mahormone ane simba guru pakukura, kushanduka, uye mashandiro emuviri kubva paudiki kusvika pakukura. Kukura kwevanhu—kungave kwemuviri, kwekufunga, kana kwemanzwiro—hakuitike nemazvo; kunotungamirirwa nekudyidzana kwakaoma pakati pemajini, nharaunda, uye system yemahormone. Kunzwisisa basa remahormone kunotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti nei vanhu vachikura nematanho akasiyana uye nei kukanganiswa kwemahormone kuchigona kuva nemigumisiro yakakura pahutano nemaitiro.
1. Sisitimu yeendocrine uye basa remahormone mumuviri
Sisitimu yeendocrine ine magland makuru akati wandei, akadai sehypothalamus, pituitary gland, thyroid, parathyroid, pancreas, adrenals, ovaries, uye testes. Magland aya anogadzira mahormone anodzora metabolism, kukura, kubereka, kupindura kushushikana, uye manzwiro. Hypothalamus nepituitary zvinowanzonzi "nzvimbo dzekudzora" nekuti zvinobatanidza mamwe mahormone akawanda. Mutemo uyu unoshanda kuburikidza nenzira yekupindura: kana huwandu hwehormone yakati hwakakwana, muviri "unoderedza kugadzirwa"; zvakasiyana, kana huwandu hwakaderera, kugadzirwa kuchawedzerwa.
Munguva yekukura, mashandiro aya anoshanda zvakanyanya. Muviri unofanirwa kuchinjika kuzvinodiwa nesimba, kuvaka nhengo itsva, nhengo dzekubereka dzakakura, uye kuronga shanduko dzetsinga dzinokanganisa kudzidza nemanzwiro. Nokudaro, shanduko diki mumazinga emahormone dzinogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakura pakukura nemaitiro.
2. Homoni yekukura uye kukura kwemuviri
Homoni yekukura (GH), inogadzirwa negland repituitary, inoita basa guru mukukura kwehurefu, kukura kwetsandanyama, uye kushandiswa kwemafuta mumuviri. GH inoshanda pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinhu, kunyanya IGF-1 (Insulin-like Growth Factor 1), iyo inogadzirwa zvakanyanya muchiropa. Muvana, GH inokurudzira kukura kwemapfupa kwenguva refu, inobatsira pakuumbwa kwenyama, uye inotsigira kukura kwenhengo.
Kana kugadzirwa kweGH kusina kukwana, vana vanogona kukura zvishoma nezvishoma kana kupfupika kupfuura avhareji, kunyange hazvo majini anewo basa. Kusiyana neizvi, kuwanda kweGH panguva yekukura kunogona kukonzera kukura kwakanyanya. Pamusoro pekureba, GH inokanganisawo kuumbwa kwemuviri: GH yakakwana inobatsira kuchengetedza tsandanyama nemapfupa, izvo zvakakosha kwete panguva yekukura chete asiwo kune hutano hwenguva refu.
3. Mahormone ethyroid nekukura kwehuropi uye kushandiswa kwemetabolism
Gyrothraid inogadzira mahormone T3 naT4, ayo anodzora mashandiro emuviri—maitiro anoita muviri kushandura chikafu kuita simba. Uyezve, mahormone egrhodral akakosha pakukura kwehuropi, kunyanya panguva yemwana ari mudumbu nemwana mucheche. Muhudiki, mahormone egrhodral anobatsira mukuumbwa kwekubatana kwetsinga, kukura kwehurongwa hwetsinga huru, uye kukura kwemabasa ekuziva.
Matambudziko emahormone ethyroid muvana, akadai se hypothyroidism (kushomeka kwehormone yethyroid), anogona kukonzera kuneta, kuwedzera huremu, kunonoka kukura, uye, kana akasarapwa nekukurumidza, anogona kukanganisa kukura kwepfungwa. Kusiyana neizvi, hyperthyroidism (hormone yethyroid yakawandisa) inogona kukonzera kuoma kwekuwedzera huremu, kurova kwemoyo, kuzvidya mwoyo, uye kukanganiswa kwehope—zvinhu zvinogonawo kukanganisa kudzidza uye hupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
4. Mahormone anodzora insulin neshuga muropa: simba rekukura
Insulin, inogadzirwa nepancreas, inoita basa rekudzora huwandu hweshuga muropa uye kubatsira masero kutora glucose senzvimbo yesimba. Munguva yekukura, kudiwa kwesimba kunowedzera sezvo muviri uchivaka tishu. Insulin inokanganisawo kuchengetwa kwesimba muchimiro cheglycogen nemafuta, uye inotsigira maitiro ekuvaka anabolic mumuviri.
Kana insulin balance ikakanganiswa, semuenzaniso muchirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga kana insulin resistance, kukura kunogona kukanganiswa. Vana vane dambudziko rekudzora shuga muropa vanogona kuneta, kudzikira huremu, kana kuoma kuisa pfungwa dzavo pachinhu chimwe chete. Nekuti hutano hwemetabolism hwakabatana zvakanyanya nemahormone, kudya, kurovedza muviri, uye kurara zvakanaka kubva pazera diki zvinhu zvakakosha mukutsigira kukura kwakanaka.
5. Kuyaruka: estrogen, testosterone, uye shanduko huru muvechiri kuyaruka
Chimwe chezvikamu zvinonyanya kuoneka zvine chekuita nemahormone ndechekuyaruka. Munguva iyi, pane kuwedzera kwemahormone epabonde: estrogen (kunyanya muvasikana) uye testosterone (kunyanya muvakomana), kunyangwe ese ari maviri aripo mumazinga akasiyana mumunhu wese. Mahormone aya anotungamira shanduko dzemuviri dzakadai sekukura kwemazamu, shanduko yezwi, kukura kwebvudzi munzvimbo dzakati, uye kukura kwenhengo dzekubereka. Kuyaruka kunoperekedzwawo ne "kukura nekukurumidza," kunosanganisira kusangana kwemahormone epabonde nehormone yekukura.
Kupfuura shanduko dzemuviri, mahormone ekuyaruka anokanganisa manzwiro nemaitiro. Vechidiki vanowanzo sangana nekuchinja-chinja kwemafungiro, kunzwa kwakanyanya kwemagariro evanhu, uye kutsvaga kuzivikanwa kwavo. Kuchinja kwemahormone kunobatanidzwa nekukura kwehuropi hwevechidiki—kunyanya munzvimbo dzinodzora kudzora mafungiro nekuita sarudzo—saka nguva iyi inowanzoonekwa nemanzwiro akasimba uye tsika yekuedza zvinhu zvitsva.
6. Homoni yekushungurudzika: cortisol uye zvayakaita pakukura kwepfungwa
Cortisol inogadzirwa neadrenal glands uye inoita basa guru mukupindura kushushikana. Pamazinga akakodzera, cortisol inobatsira muviri kugadzirisa matambudziko: inowedzera simba, inodzora BP, uye inogadzirisa masoja emuviri. Zvisinei, kushushikana kwenguva refu kunogona kutungamira kumazinga e cortisol akakwira kwenguva refu, zvichigona kukanganisa kurara, kuda kudya, kuisa pfungwa pachinhu chimwe chete, uye hutano hwepfungwa.
Muvana nevechiri kuyaruka, kushushikana kwenguva refu—semuenzaniso, kubva munzvimbo isina kuchengetedzeka, kumanikidzwa zvakanyanya muzvidzidzo, kana matambudziko emhuri—kunogona kukanganisa kudzora manzwiro uye kugona kudzidza. Kuwanda kwecortisol nguva dzose kunogona kukanganisa maitiro ekurara uye kurangarira, zvichiita kuti vana vanyanye kunetseka kana kunetseka nekutarisa. Nokudaro, rutsigiro rwepfungwa, maitiro ane hutano, uye nzvimbo yakagadzikana zvinoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kuenzana kwemahormone ekushushikana.
7. Mahormone ekubereka uye basa rawo muhutano hwenguva refu
Kunze kwekukanganisa kuyaruka, mahormone ekubereka anokanganisawo hutano hwemapfupa, ganda, uye hutano hwemwoyo. Semuenzaniso, estrogen inobatsira kuchengetedza huwandu hwemapfupa, ukuwo testosterone ichiita basa mukugadzirwa kwetsandanyama uye masero matsvuku eropa. Kusarongeka kwemahormone ekubereka kunogona kuoneka sekuenda kumwedzi kusina kurongeka, mapundu akakomba, kuchinja kwehuremu, kana kuchinja-chinja kwemanzwiro.
Mune vamwe vanhu, zvirwere zvakaita sePCOS (muvakadzi) kana matambudziko ehomoni yethyroid zvinogona kukanganisa hutano hwekubereka uye hupenyu hwemunhu. Kuonekwa nekukurumidza uye kurapwa kwakakodzera kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira matambudziko akakomba, akadai sematambudziko ekubereka kana njodzi dzemetabolism muhupenyu hwavo gare gare.
8. Zvinhu zvinokanganisa kuenzana kwemahormone
Kuenzana kwemahormone kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakawanda: majini, kudya kunovaka muviri, huwandu hwekuita, kunaka kwekurara, kushushikana, uye kunyange nharaunda (semuenzaniso, kubatwa nemamwe makemikari anogona kukanganisa mahormone). Kurara kwakakwana kunotsigira kugadzirwa kwemahormone ekukura, nepo kurovedza muviri nguva dzose kuchibatsira mukunzwisisa insulin uye kudzora manzwiro. Kudya kwakaringana kunopa zvinhu zvekugadzira mahormone uye kunochengetedza metabolism yakagadzikana.
Zvakakoshawo kunzwisisa kuti kukura kwemwana wese kwakasiyana. Pane misiyano yakajairika panguva yekuyaruka kana maitiro ekukura, uye hazvisi zvese zvinoratidza dambudziko. Zvisinei, kana paine zviratidzo zvine chekuita nekukura - zvakaita sekunonoka kukura, kutanga kwekuyaruka kana kunonoka, kuneta kusingaperi, kana kuchinja kwakanyanya kwehuremu - kubvunza nyanzvi yehutano kunodiwa.
Mhedziso
Mahormone anoita basa guru mukukura kwevanhu, kubva pakukura kwemuviri nekukura kweuropi kusvika pakudzora simba uye kuumbwa kwehunhu hwemanzwiro panguva yekuyaruka. Sisitimu yeendocrine inoshanda se network yekutaurirana inonzwisisika zvikuru; kunyangwe kukanganisa kudiki kunogona kukanganisa muviri nemaitiro. Nekuchengetedza mararamiro ane hutano - kudya kwakaringana, kurara kwakakwana, kurovedza muviri, uye kudzora kushushikana - tinobatsira muviri kuchengetedza kuenzana kwemahormone kunotsigira kukura kwakanaka. Kunzwisisa mahormone kwakakosha kwete chete kune vanachiremba asiwo kuvabereki, vadzidzisi, uye vechidiki pachavo, zvichivabvumira kuti vanzwe zviri nani kune zvinodiwa nemiviri yavo uye vatore matanho ekudzivirira kana zviratidzo zvekusagadzikana zvikaonekwa.
