Tambo yemhangura yemhando yepamusoro yeMasisitimu Enzwi
Munyika yeruzha, kutarisisa kunowanzo tarisa pazvinhu zvikuru zvakaita sema amplifiers, maspika, maDAC, kana ma turntable. Zvisinei, pane chimwe chinhu chinowanzo furatirwa, asi chinoita basa rakakosha mukuchengetedza kunaka kwemasaini: tambo. Tambo yakanaka haisi "connector" chete, asi inzira huru inotakura ruzivo rweruzha kubva kune chimwe chishandiso kuenda kune chimwe. Nokudaro, kusarudza tambo dzemhangura dzemhando yepamusoro idanho rine musoro kune chero munhu ari kutsvaga mashandiro eaudio akachena, akagadzikana, uye asina kukanganiswa.
Sei Copper iri Sarudzo Yekutanga?
Mhangura yagara iri chinhu chinodiwa zvikuru pakufambisa tambo dzemaodhiyo nekuda kwekufambisa kwayo magetsi zvakanaka, kugona kwayo kuchinjika, kugara kwenguva refu, uye kuwanikwa kwayo kwose kwose. Kufambisa kwakanyanya kunoreva kuramba kwakaderera, zvichiita kuti masaini eaudio afambe nesimba shoma. Muchokwadi, kuramba kwakanyanya kunogona kukanganisa mhinduro yemafrequency, dynamics, uye ruzivo, kunyanya mutambo dzespeaker dzine simba rakawanda kupfuura tambo dzeinterconnect (RCA/XLR).
Pamusoro pezvo, mhangura inopa hunhu hwakagadzikana pakushandiswa kwenguva refu. Kana tichienzanisa nezvimwe zvinhu zvinoshandiswa, mhangura inopa chiyero pakati pekushanda uye mutengo. Nechikonzero ichi, vagadziri vazhinji vemaaudio—kubva padanho rekutanga kusvika repamusoro—vanoshandisa mhando dzakasiyana dzemhangura sehwaro hwetambo dzavo.
Mhando dzemhangura: OFC, OCC, uye Kusiyana
Paunenge uchitsvaga tambo, unogona kusangana nemashoko akadai seOFC (Oxygen-Free Copper) uye OCC (Ohno Continuous Cast). Ose ari maviri imhangura, asi maitiro ekugadzira akasiyana.
1. OFC (Mhangura Isina Okisijeni)
OFC inogadzirwa ine oxygen shoma pane mhangura yakajairwa. Izvi zvinoderedza mukana wekuoxidation yemukati uye zvinowedzera kuchena. Mumamiriro eruzha, OFC inowanzoonekwa se "yegoridhe standard," ichipa mashandiro akanaka pamutengo unonzwisisika.
2. OCC (Ohno Continuous Cast Copper)
OCC inogadzirwa kuburikidza nemaitiro ekukanda anoenderera mberi ayo anoguma nechimiro chekristaro chemhangura chakareba uye miganhu mishoma yetsanga. Mukufunga, izvi zvinoderedza zvipingamupinyi zvidiki zvinogona kukanganisa kufamba kwemaerekitironi. Tambo dzeOCC dzinowanzo kudhura uye dzinowanzo kuwanikwa muzvigadzirwa zvemaodhiyo zvepakati kusvika zvepamusoro.
Musiyano uyu unonzwika nguva dzose here? Zvinoenderana nehurongwa, kunzwa kwenzeve, mamiriro ekuisa, uye nzvimbo inokanganiswa. Zvisinei, maererano nemhando yezvinhu uye kugara kwenguva refu, mhangura yakachena uye maitiro akanaka ekugadzira zvinoderedza mukana wezvinetso.
Kuramba, Kureba kweCable, uye Kukanganisa Kwavo paOdhiyo
Kune tambo dzespika, chinhu chinonyanya kukosha kazhinji isimba remagetsi retambo. Kana tambo yakareba uye nzvimbo yayo iri diki, simba remagetsi rinokwira. Simba remagetsi rinogona kuita kuti amplifier "ishande nesimba" uye kuderedza kutonga kwemaspika, kunyanya pamafrequencies akaderera. Mugumisiro wacho unogona kunge usina simba remagetsi kana simba remagetsi rakadzikira.
Saka, sarudzo yehukuru hwetambo (inowanzozivikanwa seAWG) inofanira kugadziriswa zvichienderana nedaro uye zvinodiwa nesimba. Semuongorori wezvese:
- Kune madaro mapfupi kusvika pakati nepakati, saizi ye16 AWG inogona kukwana mumasisitimu akawanda.
- Kune madaro marefu kana masipika anoda mafungu akakwira, 14 AWG kana 12 AWG kazhinji ndiyo yakachengeteka.
- Munzvimbo refu dzakaiswa (semuenzaniso dzimba dzemitambo hombe), nzvimbo yakakura inobatsira kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemagetsi.
Panguva imwecheteyo, patambo dzekubatanidza (RCA/XLR), kuyerera kwemagetsi kudiki kwazvo, saka kuramba kwetambo hakusi chinhu chikuru. Chinonyanya kukosha kunaka kwechidzitiro (kudzivirira kubva pakukanganiswa), mhando yezvinobatanidza, uye chimiro chetambo.
Chimiro cheCable: Solid Core vs Stranded
Tambo dzemhangura dzinouyawo nenzira mbiri dzakajairika:
– Musoro wakasimba (musimboti mumwe chete): bhaa remhangura rimwe chete pa kondakita. Chakanakira ndechekuti chimiro chemuchina chiri nyore uye vamwe vanofunga kuti chinopa ruzivo rwakadzama. Chakashata ndechekuti chakaoma uye chinowanzotsemuka kana chikakotama nguva nenguva.
– Yakamanikana: ine shinda diki dzakawanda dzemhangura. Inochinjika zvakanyanya, yakakodzera kuiswa nekufamba-famba kakawanda kana daro refu. Tambo zhinji dzemasipika dzinoshandisa tambo yakamanikana nekuda kwekushanda kwayo uye kugara kwenguva refu.
Kunewo magadzirirwo akaomarara akadai se litz wire (multiple insulated fibers) ekuderedza ganda pahuwandu hwema frequency, kunyangwe mu audio range (20 Hz–20 kHz) kukosha kwemhedzisiro iyi kunowanzo kurukurwa. Zvisinei, dhizaini yakanaka yetambo inowanzo tarisa kuenzana kwe resistance, inductance, uye capacitance.
Kudzivirira uye Kudzivirira kubva pakukanganiswa
Masisitimu emazuva ano eruzha anogona kukanganiswa nemagetsi kubva kune zvimwe zvishandiso: maWi-Fi routers, switching power adapters, LED lights, motors, uye kunyange waya dzemagetsi dzemumba. Saka, tambo dzemhando yepamusoro dzinowanzova nedziviriro yakanaka, kunyanya dzetambo dzesignal (RCA, XLR, phono cables, kana dzimwe tambo dzeheadphones).
Kudzivirira kunogona kuitwa nemhangura yakarukwa, aluminium foil, kana musanganiswa wezvose zviri zviviri. Tambo dzakanyatsorongeka (XLR) dzinodzivirira ruzha zvakanyanya nekuti chiratidzo chinotumirwa muzvikamu zviviri, izvo zvinodzoserwa shure uye zvinozomiswa (kurambwa kwemaitiro akafanana). Zvisinei, kudzivirira kuchiri kukosha kuchengetedza ruzha rwekumashure uye kudzivirira ruzha.
Zvinobatanidza: Zvidimbu Zvidiki Zvinobatsira Zvikuru
Kunyangwe tambo yakanakisisa inogona kutadza kana zvinobatanidza zvisina kunaka. Zvinobatanidza zvemhando yepamusoro zvinowanzoshandisa zvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura uye zvinopa kubatana kwakasimba. Kuputira goridhe kunowanzo shandiswa kwete nekuti goridhe ndiro rinonyanya kufambisa mhepo, asi nekuti rinodzivirira oxidation. Zvinobatanidza zvakachena zvinoita kuti kuramba kubatana kurambe kwakaderera uye kwakagadzikana.
Kune tambo dzespika, zvinobatanidza zvakaita semabhanana plugs kana spade lugs zvinogona kurerutsa kuiswa uye kuita kuti zvive nyore kubata. Zvisinei, kunyangwe waya dzisina chinhu dzakaiswa zvakanaka dzinogona kushanda zvakanaka, chero bedzi dzisina kusuduruka uye dzisingakanganise kuoxidation.
Kutendeseka uye Maitiro Ekugadzira
Mawaya mazhinji ari pamusika anoti "emhangura chaiyo" asi chaizvoizvo anoshandisa CCA (Copper-Clad Aluminum), inova aruminiyamu yakaputirwa nemhangura. CCA yakachipa uye yakareruka, asi conductivity yayo yakaderera pane mhangura chaiyo. Kune mawaya espika kunyanya, CCA inogona kuwedzera resistance uye kukanganisa mashandiro kana tambo yacho yakareba kana kuti spika yacho yakaremerwa zvakanyanya.
Saka, iva nechokwadi chekuti zvinodiwa zvakajeka: sarudza tambo dzinoti 100% copper, OFC, kana OCC kubva kumugadziri ane mukurumbira. Kana zvichibvira, tarisa ongororo dzehunyanzvi uye zviyero (semuenzaniso, resistance pamita imwe neimwe).
Mazano ekusarudza Cables dzeCopper dzeAudio Systems
Kuti zvinhu zvaunotenga zvive zvakanangana nezvinodiwa, heano mamwe mazano anoshanda:
1. Sarudza zvaunoda: tambo dzespika, dzinobatanidza, kana tambo dzesubwoofer dzine hunhu hwakasiyana.
2. Nyatsoteerera kureba: tenga zvakakwana; kureba zvakanyanya kunowedzera kuramba uye kunowedzera mukana wekunzwa ruzha.
3. Sarudza nzvimbo yakakodzera yekutaurirana: kune vanopa hurukuro, musavaite vadiki zvakanyanya, kunyanya kana vari kure.
4. Isa pamberi dziviriro yetambo dzemasaini: kunyanya kana kuiswa kwacho kuri pedyo netambo dzemagetsi kana zvishandiso zvakawanda zvemagetsi.
5. Zvinobatanidza zvemhando yepamusoro uye kuiswa kwakarongeka: izvi zvinowanzova nemigumisiro inooneka kupfuura "kuvandudzwa kwezvinhu" kwakanyanya.
6. Dzivisa kutaura kwakanyanyisa: tarisa pane zvirevo zvehunyanzvi zvine musoro uye mhando yekugadzira.
Penutup
Waya yemhangura yemhando yepamusoro inzira yakanaka yekuchengetedza masaini eruzha akachena uye kufamba kwemagetsi kwakakodzera, kunyanya kumawaya esipika. Nekusarudza waya yakachena (OFC kana OCC), saizi chaiyo yewaya, dziviriro yakakwana, uye zvinobatanidza zvakasimba, unogona kuderedza kurasikirwa kwemasaini, kuderedza ruzha, uye kuita mashandiro ehurongwa hweruzha akarongeka.
Pakupedzisira, tambo hadzisi nzira dzemashiripiti dzinochinja zvikuru hunhu hwechishandiso, asi dzinoshanda sehwaro hwekubatana kwakasimba. Kana hwaro ihwohwo hwakasimba, zvimwe zvikamu zvenzwi zvinogona kushanda zvakanaka kwazvo—uye unogona kunakidzwa nemimhanzi nekujeka, zvakadzama, uye zvechokwadi.
