Chinyorwa pamusoro peMutemo Wechipiri weThermodynamics
Maitiro ese echisikigo anoitika nenzira imwe chete asi haagone kuitika nenzira yakasiyana, inowanzonzi maitiro asingadzoreki. Mushure mekusunungurwa kubva pahunde yayo uye kuwira pasi zvakasununguka , mango haimbofa yakafamba zvakare kumusoro. Bhuku ratinosundira tobva tamira haridzokeri shure kwatiri. Kana tikabata chinhu chinodziya zvakanyanya (chinhu chinopisa) nechinhu chinodziya zvishoma (chinhu chinotonhora), kupisa kunoyerera kubva kuchinhu chinodziya zvakanyanya kuenda kuchinhu chinodziya zvishoma. Hatimbooni maitiro akasiyana, apo kupisa kunofamba kubva kuchinhu chinotonhora kuenda kuchinhu chinopisa. Kana maitiro aya akaitika, ipapo chinhu chinotonhora chinotonhora, nepo chinhu chinopisa chichipisa zvakanyanya. Asi muchokwadi, hazvina kudaro. Kune maitiro akawanda asingadzoreki anoita seakasiyana kubva kune mumwe nemumwe, asi ese anosanganisira shanduko muchimiro chesimba uye kutamiswa kwesimba kubva kune chimwe chinhu kuenda kune chimwe.
Semuenzaniso, kune kudengenyeka kwenyika kune simba kunokonzera kuti zvivakwa zviputsike (zvivakwa zvinoputsike nekuda kwesimba rinotakurwa nemafungu ekudengenyeka kwenyika). Wakamboona chikamu chimwe nechimwe chechivako chakaputsika chichidzoka pamwe chete uye chakamira zvakanaka sepakutanga here? Kana, semuenzaniso, girazi rinowira pasi rotyoka... Wakamboona zvidimbu zvegirazi zvakapararira pasi zvichidzoka pamwe chete zvoita girazi rakazara sekare here? Hazvina kumboitika... kune mimwe mienzaniso yakawanda.
Kuti vatsanangure maitiro ethermodynamic anoitika munzira imwe chete (maitiro asingadzoreki), masayendisiti vakagadzira mutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics. Mutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics unotsanangura kuti ndeapi maitiro anogona kuitika muchadenga uye ndeapi maitiro asingagone kuitika. Mumwe musayendisiti anonzi R.J.E. Clausius (1822–1888) akataura zvinotevera:
Kupisa kunofamba kwega kubva pachinhu chine tembiricha yakakwira kuenda kuchinhu chine tembiricha yakaderera; kupisa hakuzofambi kwega kubva pachinhu chine tembiricha yakaderera kuenda kuchinhu chine tembiricha yakakwira (Mutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics - chirevo chaClausius).
Chirevo chaClausius chirevo chakakosha chemutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics. Chinonzi chirevo chakakosha nekuti chinoshanda kune imwe chete nzira, kureva kutamiswa kwekupisa. Nekuti chirevo ichi hachina chekuita nedzimwe nzira, tinoda chirevo chakazara. Kuvandudzwa kwechirevo chakazara chemutemo wechipiri wethermodynamics kwakavakirwa pakudzidza kwemainjini ekupisa. Saka, tichakurukura nezveinjini dzekupisa kutanga.
INJINI YEKUPISA
Simba rakawanda ratinoshandisa rinobva musimba remakemikari riri mupetroleum, gasi, uye marasha. Simba remakemikari riri mupetroleum, gasi, kana marasha harigone kushandiswa zvakananga. Petroleum, gasi, kana marasha rinofanira kutanga rapiswa. Kazhinji, kupisa mafuta efossil (petroleum, gasi, uye marasha) kunounza kupisa. Kupisa kunogona kushandiswa zvakananga kubika chikafu nekupisa imba. Kuti tifambise chimwe chinhu (semuenzaniso, kufambisa mota), tinofanira kushandura kupisa kuita simba remagetsi kana simba remagetsi (simba remagetsi = simba remagetsi + simba remagetsi). Kushandura simba remagetsi kuita kupisa ibasa riri nyore kwazvo, asi kushandura kupisa kuita simba remagetsi kwakaoma. Edza kukwiza zvanza zvako pamwe chete… zvanza zvako zvinopisa, handiti? Patinokwiza zvanza zvedu pamwe chete (tinoita basa), simba remagetsi rinoshandurwa kuita kupisa. Maitiro acho ari nyore kwazvo… Kunyangwe kupisa kusingaperi kunogona kugadzirwa nekuita basa. Asi maitiro akasiyana, kureva kushandisa kupisa kuita basa, akaoma.
Mudziyo waishandiswa kushandisa kupisa kuti uite basa wakangogadzirwa muna 1700. Mudziyo waitaurwa nezvawo waive injini yemhepo. Mainjini emhepo akatanga kushandiswa kupomba mvura kubva mumigodhi yemarasha. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti kushandiswa kwekutanga kwemainjini emhepo kwakaitika masayendisiti asati aziva kuti kupisa isimba rinotamiswa nekuda kwekusiyana kwekupisa (mutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics wakanga usati wagadzirwa).
Kushandiswa kwemainjini emhepo panguva iyoyo kungangodaro kwakavakirwa paruzivo rwezuva nezuva rwunoratidza kuti mhepo yaigona kufambisa zvinhu. Mainjini emhepo anoonekwa semainjini ekupisa (injini yekupisa = mudziyo wekushandura kupisa kuita simba remagetsi). Nhasi, mainjini emhepo anoshandiswa kugadzira simba remagetsi. Mainjini ekupisa emazuva ano iinjini dzemoto dzinopisa mukati (injini dzemotokari, mainjini emudhudhudhu, nezvimwewo).
Pfungwa huru yekushandisa injini yekupisa ndeyekuti kupisa kunogona kushandurwa kuita simba remagetsi chete kana kuchibvumirwa kuyerera kubva kunzvimbo ine tembiricha yepamusoro kuenda kunzvimbo ine tembiricha yakaderera. Munguva iyi, kumwe kupisa kunoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi (kumwe kupisa kunoshandiswa kuita basa), ukuwo kumwe kupisa kunorambwa kuenda kunzvimbo ine tembiricha yakaderera. Maitiro ekushandura simba uye kutamisa simba muinjini yekupisa anoratidzwa mudhayagiramu.
Tembiricha yepamusoro (T)H) uye tembiricha yakaderera (TL) inonziwo tembiricha yekushanda kweinjini. Kupisa kunoyerera kubva panzvimbo inodziya zvakanyanya kunopiwa chiratidzo QH, ukuwo kupisa kunoburitswa panzvimbo ine tembiricha yakaderera kuchipiwa chiratidzo QL. Kana ichiyerera kubva panzvimbo ine tembiricha yakakwira kuenda kunzvimbo ine tembiricha yakaderera, imwe QH inoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi (rinoshandiswa kuita basa), rimwe rayo rinoburitswa seQL. Kutaura chokwadi tinotarisira kuti mibvunzo yeseH inogona kushandurwa kuita W, asi ruzivo rwezuva nezuva runoratidza kuti izvi hazvigoneke. Nguva dzose panenge paine kupisa kunorasika. Saka, zvichibva pakuchengetedzwa kwesimba, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti QH = W + QL.
Iye zvino ngationgororei injini yekupisa inowanzoshandiswa kushandura kupisa kuita simba remakanika. Zvakakosha kuziva kuti tiri kungofunga nezvemainjini ekupisa anoita basa risingaperi. Kuti basa riitwe nguva dzose, kupisa kunofanira kuyerera nguva dzose kubva kunzvimbo ine tembiricha yepamusoro kuenda kunzvimbo ine tembiricha yakaderera. Kana kupisa kuchiyerera kamwe chete, basa rinoitwa neinjini yekupisa richaitwawo kamwe chete (simba remakanika rinogadzirwa richava diki kwazvo). Saka, injini yekupisa haigone kushandiswa zvakanaka. Injini yekupisa inogona kushandiswa zvakanaka kana ikashanda nguva dzose. Nemamwe mashoko, simba remakanika rinogadzirwa neinjini yekupisa rakakwana kushandiswa kufambisa chimwe chinhu.
Injini yemhepo
Mainjini emhepo anoshandisa utsi hwemvura senzira yekufambisa kupisa. Utsi hunonzi chinhu chinoshanda cheinjini yemhepo. Kune mhando mbiri dzeinjini dzemhepo: mainjini emhepo anodzokorodza uye mainjini emhepo anotenderera (maturbine emhepo). Magadzirirwo adzo akasiyana zvishoma, asi mhando dzese dziri mbiri dzakafanana: dzinoshandisa utsi hunopiswa nemafuta, gasi, marasha, kana simba renyukireya.
Injini yemutsi inodzokorodza
Mvura iri mumudziyo inowanzo piswa nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Nekuti inopiswa nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya, maitiro ekufashaira anoitika pakupisa kwakanyanya. Tembiricha inoenderana zvakananga nekumanikidzwa. Kana tembiricha yemhepo yakakwira, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo kwakawedzera. Iyi mhepo inodziya zvakanyanya kana kuti ine kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya inofamba nepavharuvhu inopinza uye inokura ichipesana nepiston. Painokura, mhepo inosunda piston, zvichiita kuti ifambe kurudyi.
Kumwe kupisa kuri mumhepo kunoshandurwa kuita kinetic energy. Kana piston ichifamba kurudyi, vhiri rakabatana nepiston rinotenderera (1). Mushure mekutenderera hafu, vhiri rinosundidzira piston kudzokera panzvimbo yaro yekutanga (2). Kana piston ichifamba kuruboshwe, vharuvhu inopinza inovhara yoga, ukuwo vharuvhu inobuda yoga. Mhepo inovharwa necondenser, yoshanduka kuita dova. Tevere, mvura iri mucondenser inopombwa zvakare mumudziyo kuti ifashaidzwe zvakare. Uye zvichingodaro… Nekuti maitiro acho anoitika kakawanda, piston inofamba kurudyi nekuruboshwe nguva dzose. Nekuti piston inofamba kurudyi nekuruboshwe nguva dzose, vhiri rinotendererawo nguva dzose. Kutenderera kwevhiri kunowanzo shandiswa kufambisa chimwe chinhu.
Turbine yemhepo inopfungaira
Muitiro wekushanda kweturbine yemhepo unofanana neweinjini yemhepo inodzokorodza. Musiyano ndewekuti injini yemhepo inodzokorodza inoshandisa piston, nepo turbine yemhepo inoshandisa turbine. Muinjini yemhepo inodzokorodza, kupisa kunotanga kushandurwa kuita simba rekushandura repiston. Mushure meizvozvo, simba rekushandura repiston rinoshandurwa kuita simba rekushandura revhiri rinotenderera. Muturbine yemhepo, kupisa kunoshandurwa zvakananga kuita simba rekushandura repiston. Turbine inogona kutenderera nekuda kwekusiyana kwekumanikidzwa. Tembiricha yemhepo iri pamusoro pebanga yakakwira zvikuru kupfuura tembiricha yemhepo iri pasi pebanga. Bhara iplate yakatetepa iri pakati peturbine. Tembiricha inoenderana zvakananga nekumanikidzwa. Nekuti tembiricha yemhepo iri pamusoro pebanga yakakwira kupfuura tembiricha yemhepo iri pasi pebanga, kumanikidzwa kwemhepo iri pamusoro pebanga kwakakura kupfuura kumanikidzwa kuri pasi pebanga. Musiyano uyu wekumanikidzwa unokonzera kuti mhepo isundire banga pasi, zvichiita kuti turbine itenderere. Kutungamira kwekutenderera kweturbine kunoratidzwa mumufananidzo.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti mashandiro einjini yesteam anobva padhayagiramu yekufambisa simba yakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa. Muchiitiko ichi, simba remuchina rinogona kugadzirwa nekubvumira kupisa kuti kubude kubva pachinhu kana nzvimbo ine tembiricha yakakwira kuenda kuchinhu kana nzvimbo ine tembiricha yakaderera. Nokudaro, musiyano wetembiricha unokosha muinjini yesteam.
Kana ukanyatsocherechedza mashandiro anoita injini yesteam inodzokorodza, uchaona kuti piston inogona kufamba kuruboshwe nekurudyi kunyangwe pasina musiyano wekupisa (pasina condenser kana pombi). Piston inogona kufamba kurudyi nekuda kwekuwedzera kwesteam inodziya zvakanyanya kana ine simba rekumanikidza. Muchiitiko ichi, kumwe kupisa kuri musteam kunoshandurwa kuita simba rekinetic repiston. Iri simba rekinetic repiston rinozoshanduka kuita simba rekinetic revhiri rinotenderera. Mushure mekupedza hafu yekutenderera, vhiri rinosundira piston kuruboshwe. Kana vhiri richisundira piston kuruboshwe, simba rekinetic revhiri rinoshandurwa zvakare kuita simba rekinetic repiston. Piston painofamba kuruboshwe, inosundira kunze steam iri mu cylinder. Panguva imwe chete, vharuvhu yekubuda inovhurwa.
Saka, steam inosundwa nepiston inosunda shamwari yayo pasi pevharuvhu yekubuda. Zvino, kana tembiricha yesteam iri pasi pevharuvhu yekubuda yakaenzana netembiricha yesteam inosundwa nepiston, ipapo simba rese rekushandura kinetic repiston richashandurwa kuita simba remukati resteam. Simba remukati rinoenderana zvakananga netembiricha. Kana simba remukati resteam rikawedzera, tembiricha yesteam inowedzera. Tembiricha inoenderana zvakananga nedzvinyiriro. Kana tembiricha yesteam ikawedzera, kumanikidzwa kwesteam kunowedzerawo. Saka, kumanikidzwa kwesteam inoburitswa nevharuvhu yekubuda yakaenzana nekumanikidzwa kwesteam inopinda nevharuvhu yekupinza. Piston icharamba ichifamba kurudyi nekuruboshwe nguva dzose asi hapazovi nesimba rekinetic rinogona kushandiswa (hapana basa rese rinogadzirwa). Saka simba rekinetic rinogamuchirwa nepiston panguva yekuwedzera (piston inofamba kurudyi) richadzoserwa kusteam panguva yekumanikidzwa (piston inofamba kuruboshwe).
Zvakagumiswa kuti mutsauko wekupisa muinjini yesteam uchiri kudiwa. Mutsauko uyu wekupisa muinjini yesteam unogona kuwanikwa nekushandisa condenser. Kana tembiricha nekumanikidzwa kwesteam iri pasi pevharuvhu yekubuda kwemhepo zvakaderera zvakanyanya pane tembiricha nekumanikidzwa kwesteam iri mu cylinder, ipapo piston painodzokera kuruboshwe, huwandu hwekumanikidzwa kunoitwa nepiston pasteam hushoma zvikuru pane huwandu hwekumanikidzwa kunoitwa nesteam papiston kana piston ichienda kurudyi. Nemamwe mashoko, huwandu hwebasa rinoitwa nepiston pasteam hushoma zvikuru pane huwandu hwebasa rinoitwa nesteam papiston. Saka chikamu chidiki chete chesimba rekinetic repiston chinodzoserwa kusteam. Saka, pachava nesimba rekinetic rose kana basa rese rinogadzirwa. Simba rekinetic rose iri rinoshandiswa kufambisa chimwe chinhu.
Injini Yekupisa Mukati
Injini dzemudhudhudhu nedzemotokari mienzaniso yeinjini dzemoto dzinopisa mukati. Dzinonzi mainjini emoto dzinopisa mukati nekuti maitiro emoto anoitika mukati mesilinda yakavharwa. Injini dzinopisa mukati dzinobva pakugadzira pfungwa yekumanikidzwa nekuwedzera kweadiabatic, yakatsanangurwa mumutemo wekutanga wethermodynamics.
Tichafunga nezvemainjini ekupisa mukati anoshandisa peturu nedhiziri semafuta. Peturu nedhiziri zvigadzirwa zvepeturu, saka zvine simba remakemikari. Simba remakemikari riri mupeturu nedhiziri rinotanga rachinjwa kuita kupisa kuburikidza nekupisa. Kupisa kunogadzirwa kuburikidza nekupiswa kunozochinjwa kuita simba remagetsi. Simba iri remagetsi ndiro rinobvumira mudhudhudhu kana mota kufamba. Kutenderera muinjini yepeturu kunonzi Otto cycle, nepo kutenderera muinjini yedhiziri kunonzi diesel cycle. Kutenderera inzira inodzoserwa yethermodynamic. Ngatitangei takurukura nezveOtto cycle.
Otto bhasikoro
Uyu ndiwo mufananidzo weinjini yekupisa mukati ine mastroke mana. Musanganiswa wemhepo nemweya wepeturu zvinoyerera kubva mucarburetor zvichienda mucylinder sezvo piston ichifamba ichidzika (intake stroke). Musanganiswa wemhepo nemweya wepeturu mucylinder unozodzvanywa adiabatically sezvo piston ichifamba ichikwira (compression stroke). Nekuti inodzvanywa adiabatically, tembiricha nekumanikidzwa kwemusanganiswa zvinowedzera. Panguva imwe chete, spark plug inobatidza musanganiswa, ichiubatidza. Painotsva, tembiricha nekumanikidzwa kwegasi zvinowedzera. Gasi rinopisa zvakanyanya, rine pressure yakakwira rinokura richipesana nepiston, richisundira pasi (expansion stroke). Gasi rinopiswa rinozoburitswa kuburikidza nevharuvhu yekubuda uye rinonangidzirwa kupombi yekubuda (intake stroke). Vharuvhu yekubuda inovhurwa zvakare, uye mastroke mana anodzokororwa.
Zvakakosha kuziva kuti chinangwa che adiabatic compression stroke ndechekuwedzera tembiricha nekumanikidzwa kwemusanganiswa wemhepo nepeturu. Kupisa pakumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunounza tembiricha nekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya. Nekuda kweizvozvo, kusundidzira (F = PA) kunogadzirwa panguva yekuwedzera kwakakura zvikuru. Izvi zvinoita kuti injini yemudhudhudhu kana yemotokari ive nesimba rakawanda. Kunyangwe pasina kumanikidzwa, musanganiswa wemhepo nepeturu unogona kubatidza kana spark plug ichiburitsa spark. Zvisinei, tembiricha nekumanikidzwa kwegasi rinopiswa hazvina kunyanya kukwira, saka kusundidzira kunobva kwaitika kudikiwo. Nekuda kweizvozvo, injini inova isina simba rakawanda.
Maitiro ekushandura simba uye kutamiswa kwesimba muinjini yekupisa yemukati ine stroke ina anogona kutsanangurwa seizvi: Munguva yekupiswa, simba remakemikari riri mupeturu nesimba riri mumhepo rinoshandurwa kuita kupisa. Kupisa kumwe kunoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi mutsvimbo yepiston necrankshaft, ukuwo kumwe kuchiburitswa nepaipi yekubuda. Simba guru remagetsi riri mutsvimbo yepiston necrankshaft rinoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi mumotokari (richifambisa mota), ukuwo chikamu chidiki chinoshandurwa kuita kupisa. Kupisa kunogadzirwa nekukweshana.
Maitiro ekuwedzera uye kudzvanywa kweadiabatic muOtto cycle anogona kuratidzwa nedhayagiramu iri pazasi. Dhayagiramu iyi inoratidza modhi yakarongerwa yemaitiro ethermodynamic anoitika muinjini yekupisa inofambiswa nepeturu.
Musanganiswa wemhepo nemweya wepeturu unopinda musirindiri (a). Musanganiswa wemhepo nemweya wepeturu unodzvanywa adiabatically (a‐b). Cherechedza kuti vhoriyamu yesirindiri inoderera. Musanganiswa wemhepo nemweya wepeturu unopiswa pahuwandu husingachinji - musanganiswa unopiswa (b‐c). Gasi rinopiswa rinoitwa adiabatic expansion (c‐d). Richitonhorera pahuwandu husingachinji - gasi rinopiswa rinoburitswa mupombi yekubuda utsi uye musanganiswa mutsva wemhepo + mweya wepeturu unopinda musirindiri (d‐a).
Musanganiswa wemhepo nemweya wepeturu unopinda musirindiri (a). Musanganiswa wemhepo nemweya wepeturu unodzvanywa adiabatically (a‐b). Cherechedza kuti vhoriyamu yesirindiri inoderera. Musanganiswa wemhepo nemweya wepeturu unopiswa pahuwandu husingachinji - musanganiswa unopiswa (b‐c). Gasi rinopiswa rinoitwa adiabatic expansion (c‐d). Richitonhorera pahuwandu husingachinji - gasi rinopiswa rinoburitswa mupombi yekubuda utsi uye musanganiswa mutsva wemhepo + mweya wepeturu unopinda musirindiri (d‐a).
Kutenderera kweDhiziri
Muitiro wekushanda kweinjini yedhiziri wakafanana neweinjini yepeturu. Musiyano uri padanho rekutanga rekudzvanya adiabatic (adiabatic compression = compression inoitwa nekukurumidza zvekuti kupisa hakuchina nguva yekuyerera mukati kana kubuda musystem. Sisitimu iyi i cylinder). Paunenge uri muinjini yepeturu, chinodzvanywa musanganiswa wemhepo nemafuta epeturu, muinjini yedhiziri chete mweya unodzvanywa. Kudzvanywa kweAdiabatic kunoita kuti tembiricha nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo zviwedzere. Tevere, injector, inozivikanwawo se injector, inopfapfaidza dhiziri. Nekuti tembiricha nekumanikidzwa kwemhepo zvatove zvakanyanya, kana dhiziri rapfapfaidzwa mu cylinder, dhiziri rinotanga kupfuta pakarepo. Hapana chikonzero che spark plug. Cherechedza kukosha kwekumanikidzwa kunoratidzwa mudhayagiramu iri pazasi. Enzanisa ne kukosha kwekumanikidzwa kunoratidzwa mudhayagiramu yeOtto cycle.
Dhayagiramu iyi inoratidza kutenderera kwedhiziri kwakakodzera. Pakutanga, mhepo inomanikidzwa adiabatically (a-b), yozopiswa nekumanikidzwa nguva dzose - injector inopfapfaidza dhiziri uye kutsva kunoitika (b-c), gasi rinopiswa rinoitwa adiabatic expansion (c-d), rinotonhora nehukuru husingachinji - gasi rinopiswa rinoburitswa nemupombi yekubuda mweya uye mweya mutsva unopinda mu cylinder (d-a).
Zvichibva pane tsananguro iri pamusoro apa, zvinogona kugumiswa kuti injini yega yega yekupisa ine chinhu chayo chinoshanda. Chinhu chinoshanda cheinjini yemhepo imvura, chinhu chinoshanda cheinjini yepeturu imhepo nemafuta, chinhu chinoshanda cheinjini yedhiziri imhepo nedhiziri. Chinhu chinoshanda chinowanzo tora kupisa pakupisa kwakanyanya (Q H ), chinoshanda (W), chobva chaburitsa kupisa kwasara pakupisa kwakaderera (Q L ). Nekuti simba rinochengetedzwa, saka Q H = W + Q L.
Kushanda zvakanaka kweInjini yeKupisa
Kushanda zvakanaka (e) kweinjini yekupisa ndiko chiyero chiri pakati pebasa (W) rinoitwa neinjini uye kupisa kunopinda pakupisa kwakanyanya (Q H ). Pamasvomhu, zvinogona kunyorwa seizvi:
W ndiyo purofiti yatinowana, nepo QH iri mari yatinowana pakutenga nekushandisa mafuta. Sevanhu vanogara vachida kuwana purofiti yakakura uye mari shoma, tinotarisira kuti purofiti yatinowana (W) inoenderana nemari yatinowana (QH). Izvozvo zvinogoneka here?
Zvichibva pakuchengetedzwa kwesimba, kupisa kwekupinda (Q H ) kunofanira kuenzana nebasa (W) raitwa + kupisa kwakaburitswa (Q L ). Masvomhu:
Kuti uratidze kushanda zvakanaka kweinjini yekupisa sechikamu, ingowedzera equation yekushanda zvakanaka ne100%. Zvichibva pa equation yekushanda zvakanaka iri pamusoro apa, kana kupisa kwakanyanya kurambwa (Q L ) neinjini yekupisa, kushanda zvakanaka hakunyanyi kushanda zvakanaka. Tinoda zvikuru kuva nekupisa kushoma kurambwa (Q L ) sezvinobvira. Zvisinei, kupisa kunopinda (Q H ) kunowanzo kuwanikwa nekupisa mafuta, marasha, gasi, nezvimwewo (mafuta atinobhadhara).
Saka, injini yega yega yekupisa yakagadzirwa kuti ishande zvakanaka sezvinobvira. Kunyangwe tichida kubatsirwa kukuru kubva mukushandisa mari shoma, chokwadi ndechekuti mainjini emhepo anowanzo shanda zvakanaka ne40%, nepo mainjini ekupisa mukati memoto anenge 50%. Izvi zvinoreva kuti hafu yekupisa kunokonzerwa nekupisa mafuta inoraswa. Hafu chete ndiyo inoshandurwa kuita simba remagetsi.
Muenzaniso wemubvunzo wechi1:
Injini yekupisa inotora maJoules 3000 ekupisa (Q H ), inoita basa (W) uye inoburitsa maJoules 2500 ekupisa (Q L ). Injini yekupisa inoshanda sei?
Kukurukurirana
Muenzaniso wemubvunzo wechi2:
Injini yekupisa inotora maJoules 3000 ekupisa (Q H ), inoshanda (W) uye inoburitsa maJoules 2000 ekupisa (Q L ). Injini yekupisa inoshanda sei?
Kukurukurirana
Muenzaniso wemubvunzo wechi3:
Injini yekupisa inotora maJoules 3000 ekupisa (Q H ), inoshanda (W) uye inoburitsa maJoules 1500 ekupisa (Q L ). Injini yekupisa inoshanda sei?
Kukurukurirana
