Maitiro Ekuchengetedza Zvirimwa zveMwedzi Orchid
Orchid yemwedzi (Phalaenopsis) ndeimwe yemhando dzeorchid dzinonyanya kufarirwa muIndonesia nekuda kwemaruva ayo akanaka, anogara kwenguva refu uye kusiyana kwemavara kunokwezva. Pasinei nekutaridzika kwayo "kwepamusoro", orchid yemwedzi inogona kutarisirwa kumba chero bedzi tichinzwisisa zvinodiwa zvayo zvakakosha: chiedza chakakodzera, nzvimbo yekukura inobvisa mvura zvakanaka, kudiridza kwakaringana, kutenderera kwemhepo kwakanaka, uye kuberekesa nguva dzose. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura nzira dzinoshanda dzekutarisira orchid kune dzinokura zvakanaka uye dzinobereka zvakawanda.
1. Kunzwisisa Hunhu hweMwedzi Orchids
Maorchid emwedzi iorchid dzinokura muvhu, zvichireva kuti dzinonamatira pamiti kana matavi ari munzvimbo yadzo, pane kukura muvhu. Nokudaro, midzi yadzo inoda mhepo yakawanda uye haigone kushivirira mamiriro emvura. Midzi yeorchid yemwedzi inotorawo mvura nezvinovaka muviri uku ichigadzira photosynthesizing (inoonekwa neruvara rwegirini rwemidzi ine hutano). Kunzwisisa hunhu uhwu hwe epiphytic kwakakosha nekuti kunosarudza nzira yekudyara, hari, uye nzira yekudiridza.
2. Kusarudzwa kweNzvimbo uye Kusimba kweChiedza
Chiedza ndicho chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti maruva emwedzi akure uye atumbe. Maruva emwedzi anofarira chiedza chakajeka asi haadi chiedza chezuva chakananga uye chinopisa.
– Nzvimbo yakanaka: pedyo nehwindo rinowana chiedza chemangwanani kana chiedza chakaseferwa.
– Zviratidzo zvekusawana chiedza chakakwana: mashizha akadzika girini, kukura kunonoka, kutumbuka kushoma.
– Zviratidzo zvechiedza chakawandisa: mashizha ari kutsvuka, kupiswa nezuva, mativi emashizha akaoma.
Kana uchidyara panze, shandisa mumvuri wemiti kana kuiisa munzvimbo ine mumvuri inobvumira mhepo kuvhuvhuta asi isingabvumiri zuva rakananga kurova mashizha masikati.
3. Tembiricha Yakakodzera uye Hunyoro
Maorchid emwedzi anokura zvakanaka kana tembiricha dzichidziya. Tembiricha inowanzo shandiswa i24–30°C masikati uye inotonhorera zvishoma husiku. Kusiyana kwetembiricha pakati nepakati masikati nehusiku kunobatsira kuchengetedza kugadzikana kwemiti.
Hunyoro hwakanaka hunosvika 50–70%. Kana imba yako yakaoma (semuenzaniso, nekuda kwemhepo inotonhorera), unogona:
– isa tireyi yakazadzwa nematombo nemvura pedyo nehari (usinganyike pasi pehari),
- kuita mhute shoma mangwanani,
– wedzera kutenderera kwemhepo kuitira kuti mashizha asagare akanyorova kwenguva yakareba.
Chinhu chikuru ndechekuenzana. Hunyoro hwakawanda husina kutenderera kwemhepo hunogona kukonzera chakuvhuvhu nekuora.
4. Sarudza Hari Yakakodzera uye Midziyo Yekudyara
Nekuti midzi yadzo inoda mhepo, maorchid emwedzi anofanira kudyarwa muhari dzine maburi akawanda, hari dzepurasitiki dzinoonekera (kuitira kuti midzi ive yakareruka uye ive nyore kutarisisa), kana hari dzevhu dzinokurumidza kupwanya mvura.
Pakudyara miriwo, sarudza ine maburi, inobvisa mvura nekukurumidza, uye isingapfakanyike nyore. Mimwe miriwo inoshandiswa kazhinji inosanganisira:
- goko remupaini,
- marasha,
- fern yakachekwa,
- machipisi ekoko,
– wedzera sphagnum moss shoma (chero kana nharaunda yacho yakaoma zvakanyanya, nekuti moss inochengeta mvura zviri nyore).
Dzivisa ivhu remubindu nguva dzose, nekuti rakanyanya kuoma uye rinochengetedza mvura kwenguva yakareba. Nzira yakanaka inochengetedza midzi yakanyorova mushure mekudiridza asi inovabvumira kufema zvakare nekukurumidza.
5. Nzira Dzekudiridza Dzakachengeteka
Chikanganiso chinowanzoitika pakutarisira moon orchids ndechekudiridza kakawanda. Moon orchids dzinoregerera zvakanyanya kana dzikaoma zvishoma pane kunyorova zvakanyanya.
Nheyo dzekudiridza:
– Diridza kana nzvimbo yacho yava kuda kuoma, kwete kana ichiri kunyorova.
– Shandisa mvura yakachena (zvichida mvura inotonhora yakabikwa kana mvura yedhaka).
– Sukurudza kusvika mvura yabuda mumaburi emapoto, wobva warega ichibuda.
Kuwanda kwezviitiko kunogona kusiyana zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze uye midhiya, asi kazhinji:
- 2–3 pasvondo panguva yekupisa,
– 1–2 pasvondo munguva yemvura inonaya kana kuti inonaya.
Dzivisai kuisa mvura pamusoro pemashizha (pakati peruvara rwerosette), nekuti izvi zvinogona kukonzera kuora kwemashizha. Kana mvura ikapinda, iomesei netishu kana kuipuruzira zvinyoro nyoro.
6. Kuisa Fetiraiza Yekukura Uye Kutumbuka
Maorchid emwedzi anoda kudya kwakawedzerwa nekuti nzvimbo yawo yekurima haina zvinovaka muviri zvakakwana. Shandisa fetereza chaiyo yemaruva eorchid kana fetereza yeNPK yakaringana ine dose shoma.
Nzira dzakajairika dzekuberekesa:
– Fetereza yekukura (nitrogen yakawanda) panguva yekukura kwemashizha nemidzi.
– Fetereza inotumbuka (inowedzera phosphorus nepotassium) kana chirimwa chakura zvakakwana kuti chikurudzire madzinde emaruva.
Mutemo wakanaka ndewekudiridza zvishoma uye kazhinji: 1/4–1/2 yemupimo unokurudzirwa vhiki imwe neimwe kusvika mbiri. Vhiki imwe neimwe shoma, diridza ivhu pasina fetereza kubvisa munyu wasara unogona kukuvadza midzi.
7. Kuchekerera uye Kutarisira Mushure meKutumbuka
Maorchid emwedzi anozivikanwa nemaruva awo anogara kwenguva refu. Mushure mekunge maruva adonha, unogona kutora matanho akati wandei:
– Kana dzinde richiri girini uye rakasimba, unogona kuricheka pamusoro pepfundo rakati kuti ukurudzire matavi matsva emaruva.
– Kana dzinde rikatanga kuita yero kana kuoma, richeke kusvika pasi uchishandisa chigero chisina utachiona.
Uyewo, bvisa mashizha akaoma zvachose kana kuti akaora. Usabvisa mashizha matema nechisimba, sezvo izvi zvinogona kukuvadza nyama dzemuti.
8. Kuisazve Midziyo (Kutsiva Midziyo) Nguva nenguva
Nzvimbo yekurima inoora uye inooma nekufamba kwenguva. Kuisazve muhari kwakakosha kuti midzi isapere mvura uye kudzivirira kuora.
Nguva yakakodzera yekudzorerazve:
- makore 1-2 ega ega, kana
– kana nzvimbo yacho yaparara, hari inenge yakazara nemidzi, kana kuti kunhuwa kwetsvina kunobva kwaonekwa.
Nzira yekukurumidza yekudzorerazve:
1. Bvisa chirimwa zvinyoro nyoro.
2. Chenesai zvinhu zvekare.
3. Cheka midzi yakaora (yakatsvukira, yakapfava) uchishandisa zvishandiso zvisina utachiona.
4. Dzorerazve muminda mitsva, usafukidze korona yemuti.
5. Mushure mekudiridzazve, deredza kudiridza kwemazuva mashoma kuti maronda emidzi aome.
9. Kudzivirira Zvipembenene neZvirwere
Maonde emwedzi anogona kurwiswa nezvipembenene zvakaita se mealybugs, mites, thrips, uye hozhwa. Zvirwere zvakajairika zvinosanganisira fungus uye root/crown rot.
Kudzivirira kunobudirira:
- kuchengetedza kutenderera kwemhepo,
- usanyorovesa mashizha husiku,
- gara uchitarisa pasi pemashizha uye pakati pemadzinde nguva dzose,
- paradzanisa zvirimwa zvitsva usati wazviisa pedyo nemuunganidzwa.
Kana ukawana tumbuyu tudiki tudiki, tubvise nedonje rakanyikwa mudoro kana kuti pfapfaidza mushonga wezvipembenene usingakuvadzi maruva nechiyero chakakodzera. Kune fungus, shandisa mushonga wekuuraya fungus sezvinodiwa uye vandudza tsika dzekudiridza.
10. Mazano ekuti Orchids dzeMwedzi Dzitumbe Nguva Dzose
Pamusoro pekutarisira kwakakosha, "manomano" mashoma anogona kubatsira kukurudzira kutumbuka kwemiti:
– Iva nechokwadi chekuti chirimwa chakura zvakakwana (mashizha mana kusvika matanhatu ane hutano).
- Ipa chiedza chakajeka uye chakaseferwa nguva dzose.
– Chengetedzai kudya kunovaka muviri, kunyanya potassium nephosphorus mwaka wekutumbuka usati wasvika.
– Ita kuti tembiricha yemasikati neusiku ive yakasiyana zvishoma (pasina kunyanya kudziya) sezvo mamwe maorchid achitumbuka zviri nyore kana husiku hwava kutonhorera zvishoma.
Mwoyo murefu unokoshawo. Maoriki emwedzi haatumbuki gore rose, asi kana mamiriro ekunze akagadzikana, anogona kutumbukazve nguva nenguva, uye maruva awo anogona kugara kwemwedzi yakati wandei.
Penutup
Kutarisira maorchid emwedzi hakufanirwe kuve kwakaoma. Chinokosha ndechekunzwisisa kuti maorchid aya anoda nzvimbo ine maburi, chiedza chakajeka, chisina kunanga, kudiridza zvine mwero, kuberekesa kwakayerwa, uye kufamba kwemhepo kwakanaka. Nekutarisa midzi, mashizha, uye hunyoro hwenzvimbo yacho nguva dzose, maorchid emwedzi achakura zvakanaka uye achakupa mubairo wemaruva akanaka uye anogara kwenguva refu. Nehunyanzvi hwakakodzera hwekutarisira, maorchid emwedzi anogona kuva chirimwa chikuru chemba uye chinobva kugutsikana kune chero ani zvake anoatarisira.
