Maitiro Ekurima Zvirimwa zveGreenhouse
Kufarira kuri kuwedzera kurima zvinogara kwenguva refu uye kurima zvirimwa gore rose kwakawedzera zvikuru kufarirwa kwekurima zvirimwa zvegreenhouse. Zvakatanga kare munguva dzeRoma, zvivakwa zvegreenhouse zvakashanduka kuita zvivakwa zvakaoma zvinovandudza mamiriro ekukura kwezvirimwa kuburikidza nenzvimbo dzakadzorwa. Chinyorwa chino chinopa gwara rakadzama renzira dzekurima zvirimwa zvegreenhouse, zvichiongorora zvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita sekuronga, kudzora mamiriro ekunze, kutarisira ivhu, kudiridza, uye kudzora zvipembenene.
Kuronga Greenhouse Yako
Danho rekutanga rekurima greenhouse rinoda kuronga kwakasimba. Nzvimbo yegreenhouse ndiyo inonyanya kukosha. Kusarudza nzvimbo ine chiedza chezuva chakanyanya (kazhinji kumaodzanyemba kana kumaodzanyemba kwakadziva kumabvazuva muNorthern Hemisphere) kwakakosha. Pamusoro pezvo, funga nezvekusvikika kwemvura nemagetsi, pamwe nekukwanisa kubvisa mvura.
Saizi nezvinhu zvegreenhouse zvinoitawo basa rakakosha. Kunyange zvazvo magreenhouse madiki ari nyore kutarisira uye asingadhuri, zvivakwa zvikuru zvinogona kutsigira zvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana. Zvinhu zvakaita sepolycarbonate, girazi, uye polyethylene zvine hunhu hwakasiyana hunokanganisa kugara kwenguva refu, kuputira, uye mutengo. Semuenzaniso, girazi rine magirazi maviri rinopa kuputira kwakanaka asi pamutengo wakakwira kana tichienzanisa nefirimu repolyethylene.
Kudzora Kwemamiriro ekunze
Chinhu chikuru chekubudirira pakurima greenhouse ndechekuchengetedza mamiriro ekunze akanaka. Zvikamu zvikuru zvinosanganisira tembiricha, hunyoro, uye kupenya kwechiedza. Masisitimu ega ega ane masensa nema controller anogona kupa kunyatsorongeka asi anogona kunge asingadhuri kune ma setups madiki.
Temperature Management:
Kupisa kunokanganisa kumera, kutumbuka, uye kubereka. Kune zvirimwa zvakawanda, tembiricha yemasikati inofanira kuva pakati pe70-80°F (21-27°C) uye tembiricha yehusiku haifanirwe kudzika pasi pe55°F (13°C). Mahita, zvinhu zvinopisa (senge mabara emvura), uye zvinodzivirira kupisa zvinobatsira kuchengetedza kudziya munguva dzechando. Kusiyana neizvi, kufefetera, mumvuri, uye kutonhora kwemvura zvinoitwa kuderedza kupisa mumwedzi yezhizha.
Humidity Control:
Hunyoro (RH) hunokanganisa kupfuudzwa kwemiti uye kukanganiswa nezvirwere. Zvirimwa zvakawanda zvinokura zvakanaka mu50-70% RH. Masisitimu ekunyungudutsa, zvinonyungudutsa, uye matireyi emvura akaiswa zvakanaka zvinogona kudzora hunyoro hushoma, nepo kufefetera kwakakodzera uye zvinobvisa hunyoro zvichibatsira kuderedza hunyoro hwakawandisa.
Mutemo weChiedza:
Chiedza chakakwana chakakosha pakugadzira photosynthesis. Kunyange zvazvo chiedza chezuva chechisikigo chakakodzera, mwenje wekugadzira (ma LED, mwenje weHPS) unogona kuwedzera munguva yechando kana mazuva ane madota. Nzira dzekudzikisa chiedza dzinogona kukanganisa kutenderera kwemaruva mumiti inonzwa kupisa kwezuva senge cannabis.
Ivhu uye Midhiya Yekurima
Kusarudzwa kwenzvimbo yekurima kunokanganisa kuchengetedza mvura, kufefetera kwemhepo, uye kuwanikwa kwezvinovaka muviri. Ivhu rinopa nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza zvinovaka muviri zvechisikigo asi rinoda kucheneswa uye kugadziriswa nguva nenguva kudzivirira zvirwere nekupera kwezvinovaka muviri. Kusiyana neizvi, nzvimbo dzisina ivhu dzakadai secoco coir, peat moss, perlite, uye vermiculite dzinopa kudzora kuri nani pakuendeswa kwezvinovaka muviri uye kuchengetedza mvura.
Hydroponics inopa imwe nzira isina ivhu apo zvirimwa zvinokura mumhinduro dzakapfuma mune zvinovaka muviri. Kunyange zvazvo mitengo yekutanga iri yakakwira, masisitimu ehydroponic anowanzo kukonzera kukura nekukurumidza, goho rakawanda, uye kudzikira kwehuwandu hwezvipembenene nezvirwere.
Maitiro Ekudiridza
Kutarisira mvura zvakanaka kunokanganisa hutano hwemiti nekuchengetedzwa kwezviwanikwa. Kudiridza nemaoko, kunyangwe kuri nyore, kunogona kukonzera kusawirirana uye kudiridza zvakanyanya kana kuti zvisina kukwana. Masisitimu ega ega anopa kunyatsorongeka asi anoda kutanga adyara mari.
Drip Irrigation:
Masisitimu ekudonhedza mvura anoendesa mvura zvakananga kumidzi yemiti, zvichideredza kupwanyika kwemvura uye kuyerera kwemvura ukuwo zvichiita kuti hunyoro hurambe huripo.
Kubatanidza Capillary:
Mati aya anoparadzira mvura zvakaenzana pasi pehari, zvichiita kuti kudiridza pasi pevhu kuwedzere uye kuderedza hunyoro hwemashizha, nokudaro zvichideredza njodzi dzezvirwere.
Masisitimu eEbb neFlow:
Kazhinji inoshandiswa mu hydroponics, nzira idzi dzinozadza midzi yemiti nguva nenguva dzisati dzadonhedza mvura, zvichikurudzira kudya oxygen uye kudzivirira kuora kwemidzi.
Kusviba uye Kusviba:
Maitiro aya akanaka pakuchengetedza hunyoro uye kupararira kwemhute; zvisinei, kungwarira kunodiwa kudzivirira mashizha akanyorova anokonzera zvirwere.
Nutrient Management
Kudya kwakakwana kwakakosha pakukura zvakanaka. Zvinovaka muviri zvakakosha (NPK - nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium) uye zvinovaka muviri zvishoma (simbi, manganese, zinc, nezvimwewo) zvinofanirwa kugara zvichipiwa.
Varimi vevhu vanogona kushandisa fetereza yemhando yepamusoro kana yekugadzira, vachifunga nezvezvinodiwa nemwaka uye zvirimwa zvakasiyana. Manyowa, manyowa, uye fetereza yegirini zvinopa sarudzo dzinogara kwenguva refu asi zvinoda kungwarira kuti zvisanyanya kuomeswa.
Masisitimu ehydroponic anoda mishonga inonyungudika mumvura yakagadzirirwa matanho chaiwo ekukura. Misanganiswa yezvinovaka muviri inowanikwa muzvitoro inowanzoita kuti maitiro acho ave nyore asi inoda kutariswa nguva nenguva kwemazinga epH uye electroconductivity (EC) kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinovaka muviri zvinonyungudika zvakakwana.
Pest uye Disease Management
Dzimba dzekurima dzinodzivirira mamiriro ekunze asi dzinogona kuva nzvimbo dzinopisa zvipembenene nezvirwere kana dzikasatarisirwa zvakanaka. Kutarisirwa Kwezvipembenene Zvakasanganiswa (IPM) kunopa nzira yakazara inosanganisa kudzora tsika, zvipenyu, michina, uye makemikari.
Cultural Practices:
Hutsanana hwakakosha. Shandisai maturusi, shandisai mbeu dzisina zvirwere, uye dzidzisai kutenderera zvirimwa. Bvisai marara emiti zvakanaka uye chengetedzai mamiriro ekukura akakodzera kudzivirira utachiona.
Biological Controls:
Zvipembenene zvinobatsira (zvipembenene zvemakonzo, zvikwekwe zvinodya dzimwe mhuka) nemishonga inouraya zvipembenene (Neem oil, Bacillus thuringiensis) zvinodzivirira zvipembenene zvisina njodzi kunharaunda.
Kudzora Michina:
Zvipingamupinyi zvemuviri (zvivharo zvemitsara, machira ekudzivirira) uye misungo (misungo inonamira yezvipembenene zvinobhururuka) zviri nyore asi zvinoshanda.
Kudzora Makemikoro:
Shandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene senzira yekupedzisira uye sarudza nzira dzakanangwa, dzisina chepfu yakawanda. Tevedzera mirairo yakanyorwa kuti uderedze kukanganisa nharaunda uye kukura kwekusagadzikana kwemishonga.
mhedziso
Kurima zvirimwa zvegreenhouse kunopa nzira inogara kwenguva refu yekurima kunobereka goho guru gore rose. Nekudyara mari mukuronga kwakakodzera, kudzora mamiriro ekunze, kurima kwakakodzera, kudiridza zvakanaka, kudya kunovaka muviri kwakaringana, uye kutonga zvipembenene zvakasimba, varimi vanogona kunatsiridza mashandiro avo egreenhouse. Ungave uri murimi anofarira zvemitambo kana kuti murimi wekutengesa, kunzwisisa nekushandisa matekiniki aya kuchakupa simba rekuwedzera kugona kwegreenhouse yako, zvichibatsira mukurima kwakasimba uye kunobudirira.
