Zvirwere Zvinowanzoitika Zvinorwisa Zvirimwa zveCitrus
Zvirimwa zveCitrus, zvinosanganisira maranjisi, maremoni, marimu, nemagrapefruit, zvinokosheswa nekuda kwemaruva azvo anonhuhwirira uye michero ine kunaka kwakakura. Zvirimwa izvi, zvinowanzowanikwa mumagadheni epamba nemasango ekutengeserana pasi rese, zvinosuwisa kuti zvinobatwa nezvirwere zvakasiyana-siyana zvinogona kukanganisa kukura kwazvo, kugadzirwa kwemichero, uye hutano hwese. Kuziva nekugadzirisa zvirwere izvi kwakakosha pakuchengetedza zvirimwa zvecitrus zvine hutano. Heano mamwe ezvirwere zvakajairika zvinorwisa zvirimwa zvecitrus.
1. Citrus Canker
Citrus canker chirwere chinotapukira zvikuru chinokonzerwa neXanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri. Chinoonekwa semaronda akakura, akakombama pamashizha, madzinde, nemuchero. Maronda aya akakomberedzwa nedenderedzwa reruvara rweyero, zvichiita kuti chirwere ichi chive nyore kuona. Michero ine utachiona inowanzodonha nguva isati yakwana.
Kudzivirira uye Kudzora:
– Hutsanana: Gara uchiuraya mabhakitiriya muzvishandiso nemidziyo kuti usaparadzire mabhakitiriya.
– Mhando dzemichero dzisingarapiki: Dyara mhando dzemichero yecitrus dzisingarapiki zvirwere kana dziripo.
– Kupfapfaidza nemhangura: Kuisa mishonga inouraya zvipembenene ine mhangura kunogona kubatsira kudzora kupararira kwechirwere checitrus.
– Kugara wega: Kuisa matanho ekuparadzanisa zvirimwa zvitsva kunogona kubatsira kudzivirira kupinda kwechirwere munzvimbo dzisina hutachiona.
2. Huanglongbing (HLB) kana Citrus Greening
Huanglongbing, inozivikanwawo se citrus greening, inokonzerwa nebhakitiriya (Candidatus Liberibacter spp.) uye inoparadzirwa neAsian citrus psyllid (Diaphorina citri). Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kutsvuka kwemashizha, muchero usina kufanana unowanzovava uye usingatengeswi, uye kudonha kwemichero nguva isati yakwana.
Kudzivirira uye Kudzora:
- Kutarisira Psyllid: Shandisa mishonga yezvipembenene uye nzira dzekudzivirira zvipembenene kuti uchengetedze huwandu hwezvirwere zvepsyllid.
– Kubviswa kwemiti: Miti ine utachiona inofanira kubviswa zvakanaka uye kuparadzwa kudzivirira kupararira kwechirwere.
– Mhando Dzisingakuvadzi: Ongorora uye dyara mhando dzemichero yemichero isingakuvadzi HLB.
– Kuongororwa: Shandisa machira ekudzivirira zvirimwa zvidiki kubva kuzvirwere zvepfungwa.
3. Kuora kwemidzi yePhytophthora uye Gummosis
Kuora kwemidzi yePhytophthora uye gummosis zvinokonzerwa nemhando dzefungus yemvura. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kuora kwemidzi, kusviba kwehunde nemapazi, kutsvuka kwemashizha, uye kufa kwemashizha. Miti inogona kusakura zvakanaka uye michero isingabudi zvakanaka.
Kudzivirira uye Kudzora:
– Kudhonza Mvura Zvakanaka: Iva nechokwadi chekuti ivhu rine mvura yakanaka kudzivirira mvura yakamira yakakomberedza midzi.
– Kudiridza Kwakakodzera: Dzivisa kudiridza zvakanyanya, uye shandisa nzira dzekudiridza dzinoshandiswa pakudonhedza mvura kuti mvura isasvike pahunde.
– Mishonga yefungicide: Isa mishonga yefungicide yakakodzera senzira yekudzivirira kana kuti senzira yekupindura zviratidzo zvekutanga.
– Midzi Inodzivirira Kumera: Shandisai midzi inodzivirira kumera kwemiti kuti muibatanidze.
4. Nzvimbo Nhema yeCitrus
Donda dema reCitrus rinokonzerwa nefungus inonzi Guignardia citricarpa. Rinoburitsa maronda matema akasiyana pamuchero, akakomberedzwa nedenderedzwa regrey kana brown. Mashizha nemadzinde zvinogonawo kukanganiswa. Utachiona hwakakomba hunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru kwemichero.
Kudzivirira uye Kudzora:
– Kushandiswa kwemishonga inouraya fungus: Kupfapfaidza mishonga inouraya fungus nguva dzose kunogona kubatsira kudzora fungus.
– Kuchenesa: Bvisa uye paradza michero ine utachiona nemashizha akadonha kuti uderedze kunobva fungi.
– Kutarisa: Gara uchiongorora miti kuti uone zviratidzo zvekutanga zvehutachiona.
5. Chikwekwe cheCitrus
Chikosoro cheCitrus, chinokonzerwa nefungus inonzi Elsinoe fawcettii, chinonyanya kukanganisa mashizha madiki nemichero. Chinoonekwa semaronda akaita semapundu anogona kukonzera kukuvara kukuru kwemichero, zvichiita kuti isatengeseke zvakanyanya.
Kudzivirira uye Kudzora:
– Mishonga yefungicide: Isa mishonga yekudzivirira fungicide, kunyanya munguva yemvura.
– Mhando dzemiti dzisingapindi hutachiona: Shandisa mhando dzemiti dzisingapindi hutachiona kuti uderedze kubatwa nehutachiona.
– Kuchekerera: Chekerera zvirimwa zvine utachiona kuti uderedze kupararira kwezvirwere.
6. Nzvimbo yeAlternaria Brown
Nzvimbo yebrown yeAlternaria inokonzerwa nefungus inonzi Alternaria alternata. Inonyanya kukanganisa mashizha madiki, matavi, nemichero isati yakura. Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira mavanga ebrown, ane maronda akakomberedzwa neruvara rweyero pamashizha, uye maronda ebrown kana matema pamuchero.
Kudzivirira uye Kudzora:
– Kurapa Mishonga Inouraya Mafungi: Isa mishonga inouraya fungi panguva yekukura kwayo kudzivirira hutachiona.
– Mhando dzemichero dzisingakanganiswi nemiti: Mhando dzemichero dzinotsungirira miti yemichero yemichero.
– Kuchekerera Kwakakodzera: Bvisa matishu ane utachiona kuderedza huwandu hweinoculum.
7. Melanosis
Melanose, inokonzerwa nefungus inonzi Diaporthe citri, inokanganisa mashizha, matavi, nemichero yemiti yemichero yecitrus. Inoratidzwa nemaronda madiki, matema, akakwidziridzwa anogona kubatana uye kuita corky. Melanose inowanzoonekwa pamiti yakura kana iyo isina simba nekuda kwezvimwe zvinonetsa.
Kudzivirira uye Kudzora:
– Mafungicide Sprays: Shandisa mishonga yefungicide kudzivirira mashizha madiki nemichero.
– Hutsanana: Chekerera wobvisa matanda akafa nemiti ine utachiona.
– Kuchinjana Kwezvirimwa: Dzivisa kudyara miti mitsva yecitrus munzvimbo dzine nhoroondo ye melanose.
8. Citrus Tristeza Virus (CTV)
Virusi reCitrus tristeza chirwere chinoparadzirwa neaphids, kunyanya brown citrus aphid (Toxoptera citricida). Zviratidzo zvinosanganisira kubvisa mitsipa pamashizha, kudonha kwehunde, kupwanyika kwemashizha, uye kudonha kwemiti. Zviitiko zvakakomba zvinogona kukonzera kufa kwemiti.
Kudzivirira uye Kudzora:
– Kudzora Nhunzi: Shandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene uye nzira dzekudzivirira zvipembenene kuti uchengetedze huwandu hwenhunzi.
– Midzi Inoramba Kukura: Batanidza pamidzi isingakundi CTV.
– Kutarisa: Gara uchiongorora miti kuti uone zviratidzo uye gadzirisa chero kubuda kwechirwere nemazvo.
mhedziso
Kurapa zvirwere muzvirimwa zvecitrus kunoda musanganiswa wetsika dzakanaka dzekurima, kutarisa nguva dzose, uye, kana zvichidikanwa, kurapwa nemakemikari. Kuonekwa nekukurumidza uye kuzivikanwa kwezvirwere kwakakosha pakutarisira zvinobudirira. Nekushandisa nzira dzakabatana dzekutarisira zvipembenene nezvirwere, varimi vecitrus vanogona kuderedza kukanganiswa kwezvirwere izvi zvakajairika, vachiona kuti zvirimwa zvine hutano uye goho rinobereka. Dzidzo yakakodzera uye matanho ekudzivirira zvinogona kubatsira zvikuru mukuchengetedza simba reminda midiki yemumba pamwe nemabasa makuru emichero yecitrus ekutengeserana.
