Kukosha kweHondo dzechiKristu paKubudirira kweEurope
Hondo dzechiKristu, hondo dzechitendero dzakatevedzerwa neChechi yeLatin munguva yepakati, dzakatanga pakupera kwezana remakore rechi11 uye dzakaramba dziripo kwemakore angangoita mazana maviri. Kurwisana uku, kwakakonzerwa nechido chekutora Jerusarema nedzimwe nzvimbo tsvene kubva kuhutongi hwevaMuslim, kwakasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki pachimiro chezvematongerwo enyika muEurope. Kunyange zvazvo hondo idzi dzaive dzoutsinye uye dzaiwanzoita kuti vanhu varasikirwe nehupenyu, dzakakurudzira zviitiko zvakawanda zvakakanganisa nzira yeEurope kwemazana emakore. Hondo dzechiKristu dzaive dzakakosha zvikuru pakukura kweEurope maererano nekukura kwehupfumi, kuchinjana kwetsika, kushanduka kwezvematongerwo enyika, uye kusimbiswa kwesimba reChechi.
Kukura Kweupfumi uye Kuwedzera Kwekutengeserana
Chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvakakonzera Hondo dzechiKristu kwaive hupfumi. Kunyange zvazvo hondo pachadzo dzaida zviwanikwa zvakawanda, kufamba kwevanhu vakawanda muEurope nekuenda kuNear East kwakavhura nzira itsva dzekutengeserana nemisika. Maguta akadai seVenice, Genoa, nePisa akashandisa nzvimbo dzavo kuti ave vatambi vakakosha mukutengeserana kweMediterranean. Vakapa Hondo dzechiKristu zvinhu zvaidiwa, uye, vachidzorera, vakadzosa zvigadzirwa zvekune dzimwe nyika, zvakaita sezvinonhuwira, sirika, nesimbi dzinokosha kubva kuMabvazuva. Zvinhu zvitsva izvi hazvina kungopfumisa misika yeEurope chete asiwo zvakatanga hunyanzvi mukutakura zvinhu nemabasa emari, kusanganisira kusimudzira masisitimu echikwereti nemabhangi.
Kuvhurwazve kwenzira dzekutengeserana dzekuMabvazuva kwakabatsira zvikuru pakuguma kwehurongwa hwemafeudal sezvo kwakakurudzira kumuka kweboka revatengesi vakapfuma. Boka iri raive nemari yekudyara mumakambani matsva uye raida simba rezvematongerwo enyika rinoenderana nemipiro yaro yehupfumi, zvichikonzera kupera zvishoma nezvishoma kwekodzero dzemafeudal uye kuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzemaguta.
Kuchinjana Kwetsika uye Kutamisa Ruzivo
Kuchinjana tsika kwaive chimwe chinhu chakakosha kubva muHondo dzechiKristu. Kusangana netsika dzakabudirira dzenyika dzechiIslam kwakaita kuti vanhu vekuEurope vawane ruzivo rwakakura rwakanga rwakachengetedzwa uye rwakawedzerwa nenyanzvi dzechiMuslim. Minda yakaita semasvomhu, mushonga, nyeredzi, uye uzivi yakawana hupfumi hwakawanda nekuda kwekutamiswa kweruzivo. Semuenzaniso, mabasa evazivi vechiGiriki vakaita saAristotle, ayo akanga arasikirwa zvakanyanya neWestern Europe asi akachengetedzwa nenyanzvi dzechiMuslim, akadzoserwa kuEurope. Kuvandudzwa uku kwehungwaru kwakabatsira kuvaka hwaro hweRenaissance, nguva yekufarirazve sainzi, hunyanzvi, uye mabhuku ayo aizochinja nzanga yeEurope zvakanyanya.
Kuwedzera paruzivo rwedzidzo, Hondo dzechiKristu dzakabatsira kudyidzana kwetsika. Semuenzaniso, hunyanzvi nekuvaka zvinoonekwa mukubatanidzwa kwemifananidzo nemaitiro ekuMabvazuva. Magadzirirwo echiGothic, ayo akatanga muzana remakore rechi12, akakonzerwa zvikuru nekuratidzwa kweVarwi vechiKristu kuhukuru hwezvivakwa zveByzantine neIslam. Tsika dzekubika dzekuEurope nemafashoni zvakashandukawo, zvichitora zvinhu kubva mutsika dzakasangana nevarwi vechiKristu.
Kushanduka Kwezvematongerwo Enyika uye Kuumbwa Kwenyika
Hondo dzechiKristu dzakakanganisawo zvematongerwo enyika muEurope. Pakutanga, kudanwa kwemauto naPope Urban II kuDare reClermont muna 1095 kwakaedza kubatanidza chiKristudhomu pasi pechikonzero chimwe chete, zvichiratidza kuti zvaiita kuti varwi vekuEurope vatsauke kune vavengi vekunze kwete kunetsana kwemukati. Mweya uyu wehondo wakaunza nguva dzekubatana kwenguva pfupi asi pakupedzisira wakabatsira mukuparadzana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kumuka kwenyika. Madzimambo akatungamira Hondo dzechiKristu dzakabudirira akadzoka nemukurumbira nesimba, zvavakashandisa kuisa simba ravo pakati. Maitiro aya akaonekwa muEngland, France, neUmambo Hutsvene hweRoma, uko madzimambo akawana simba guru pamusoro penzvimbo dzavo nepamusoro pevakakurumbira.
Hondo dzechiKristu dzakakurudzirawo kuumbwa kwemauto nemapoka echitendero akadai seKnights Templar, Knights Hospitaller, neTeutonic Knights. Mauto aya haana kungotamba basa rakakosha muhondo dzechiKristu chete asiwo akava masangano ane simba mune zvematongerwo enyika nehupfumi muEurope. Kubatanidzwa kwavo mumabhangi nekuvaka masvingo kwakapesvedzera zvakasimba mauto eEurope nehurongwa hwemari.
Kusimbiswa kweChechi
Kunyange zvazvo Hondo dzechiKristu dzakatangwa kuti dzitore nzvimbo tsvene uye dzidzivirire chiKristudhomu, dzakawedzera simba nepesvedzero yeChechi yeRoma Katurike zvakanyanya. Kuchema kwekutanga kweHondo dzechiKristudhomu kwakaita kuti simba reChechi risvike pakakwirira zvisati zvamboonekwa, sezvo raigona kuunganidza mauto makuru nezvinhu zvakawanda muEurope. Nguva iyi yakasimbisa basa raPapa semunhu mukuru mune zvemweya uye mune zvematongerwo enyika anokwanisa kuratidza simba pamusoro pemadzimambo enyika.
Zvisinei, kubatanidzwa kweChechi muHondo dzechiKristu kwaive nematambudziko. Kukundikana uye hutsinye hwehondo zvakakanganisa mukurumbira weChechi nekufamba kwenguva, zvikaita kuti pave nekukosha kukuru kwekuchinja zvinhu. Asi, munguva pfupi yakatevera, basa reChechi muHondo dzechiKristu rakabatsira kubatanidza chiKristudhomu pasi pehutungamiriri hwayo hwemweya, zvichibatsira mukubatanidzwa kwetsika nechitendero muEurope.
Social Migumisiro
Hondo dzechiKristu dzakabatsirawo vanhu kwenguva refu. Kufamba kwevanhu vakawanda munyika dzakasiyana-siyana kwakaita kuti vazhinji vadzoke vaine maonero akasiyana-siyana enyika uye ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana. Kufamba uku kwakaita kuti vanhu vakawanda vazive kuti vari kuEurope, zvichipfuura hukama hwemunharaunda nenyika. Marongerwo emagariro evanhu muEurope akachinjwawo; kudanwa kwemasoja nguva dzose kwaireva kuti avo vakasara, kusanganisira vakadzi, vaiwanzotora mabasa makuru, vachikanganisa tsika dzevanhu netsika dzevanhurume nevanhukadzi.
Utsinye hwakaitwa panguva yehondo dzechiKristu hwakakonzera ruvengo rukuru uye gakava renguva refu pakati pevaKristu nevaMuslim, asiwo hwakakurudzira nguva dzekudyidzana nekunzwisisana pakati petsika dzakasiyana. Kudyidzana uku, kunyangwe kwakazara nekusawirirana, kwaive kwakakosha mukugadzira mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika muEurope neNear East.
mhedziso
Kunyange zvazvo Hondo dzechiKristu dzaitsanangurwa nechisimba uye kushingaira kwechitendero, simba radzo pakukura kweEurope raive risingarambiki uye raive nemativi akawanda. Kukura kwehupfumi kwakakonzerwa nenzira itsva dzekutengeserana, kuvandudzwa kwetsika kwakakurudzirwa nekutamiswa kweruzivo, kushanduka kwezvirongwa zvematongerwo enyika kuenda kumatunhu ari pakati, uye kusimbiswa kwechinguva kweChechi zvese zvinoratidza kuoma kwezviitiko izvi zvenhoroondo. Hondo dzechiKristu dzakashanda senzvimbo yekuroverera umo chimiro chemangwana chenzanga yeEurope chakaumbwa, zvichisiya nhaka yaizoshanda kwemazana emakore anotevera.
