Basa raNapoleon Bonaparte muNhoroondo yeFrance
Napoleon Bonaparte, munhu ane mukurumbira munhoroondo yeFrance, anomira semumwe wevatungamiriri vane simba uye vane gakava zvikuru vati vamboziva nyika. Akazvarwa musi wa15 Nyamavhuvhu 1769, muCorsica, Napoleon akasimuka kubva pakutanga kwake kusvika pakuva Mambo weFrance uye mukuru wemauto nezvematongerwo enyika pasi rose. Nhaka yake yakaoma inosanganisira shanduko huru dzemutemo nehutungamiriri, makwikwi makuru emauto, uye shanduko huru pamagariro evanhu nezvematongerwo enyika muEurope.
Kumuka kwaNapoleon
Kukura kwaNapoleon pakuva mukuru kwakatanga mumakore ekupera kweChimurenga cheFrance. Mushure mekudzidza kwake zvechiuto paÉcole Militaire ine mukurumbira muParis, akakurumidza kuzvizivisa semukuru ane chido uye hunyanzvi. Unyanzvi hwake hwekugadzira zvinhu hwakaratidzwa pachena panguva yeItalian Campaigns kubva muna 1796 kusvika 1797, kwaakawana kukunda kwakasimba pakurwisa mauto eAustria, zvichiwedzera simba reFrance uye zvakamuita kuti afarirwe nevanhu vakawanda.
Kurwisa kwake kwakazotevera muIjipita, kunyangwe kwakazopedzisira kwakundikana, kwakaratidza hutungamiriri hwake nechishuwo chake. Panguva yaaiva muIjipita ndipo pakatanga Napoleon kuzvifananidzira kwete semukuru wemauto chete asiwo semuponesi wembiri yeFrance. Paakadzokera kuFrance muna 1799, akawana mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika akagadzirira kupindira kwake. Achishandisa hunyanzvi hwake hwehondo nemukurumbira wake, akaronga kupidigura hurumende zvakazoita kuti Consulate iumbwe uye chinzvimbo chake seFirst Consul.
Kodhi yeNapoleonic
Imwe yenhaka dzaNapoleon dzakagara kwenguva refu iNapoleonic Code, kana kuti Civil Code ya1804. Mutemo uyu wakazara waida kuyananisa marongerwo emutemo akapatsanuka uye asina kurongeka aivepo kare uye munguva yechimurenga. Mutemo waNapoleon waive wechimurenga pakuti wakanyora misimboti yakawanda yeKujekeswa neChimurenga, yakadai sekuenzana pamberi pemutemo, kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzepfuma, uye kusada zvechitendero.
Hwaro uhwu hwemutemo, hunoratidzwa nekujeka uye kusvikika, hwakatorwa kwete muFrance chete asiwo mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana munyika dzakawanda muEurope nekune dzimwe nyika. Kunyangwe Mutemo uyu wairambidza rusununguko, rwakadai sekuderedza kodzero dzevakadzi kana tichienzanisa nedzaivepo panguva yeChimurenga, simba rayo mukugadzira hurongwa hwemutemo hwakafanana harigone kupfuudzwa zvakanyanya. Nhasi, uchiri musimboti wemitemo yemazuva ano pasi rose.
Misangano yeMasoja neUmambo hweFrance
Maitiro aNapoleon ehondo nekugadzirisa zvinhu zvakasimbisa mukurumbira wake semumwe wevatungamiriri vakuru vehondo munhoroondo. Maitiro ake matsva, akadai sekushandisa vanhu vakawanda vachinyoresa, kufamba nekukurumidza, uye kuungana kwemauto panguva dzakaoma, zvakamubvumira kuvaka humambo hwakanga hwava pakati penyika dzakawanda dzeEurope. Hondo huru dzakadai saAusterlitz (1805), dzinowanzotaurwa sekukunda kwake kukuru, dzakaratidza kugona kwake kukunda nekurwisa mubatanidzwa mukuru, wakaita sewakasimba.
Zvisinei, kuda kwake kuwedzera simba kwakadyarawo mbeu yekudonha kwake. Hondo yePeninsular muSpain (1807-1814) yakapedza zviwanikwa zveFrance nesimba revanhu, ukuwo kupinda kweRussia zvisina kurongeka muna 1812 kwakakonzera kurasikirwa kukuru. Kudzokera shure kubva kuMoscow kwakashata kwakaparadza Grande Armée, uye vavengi vaNapoleon, vakabatana zvakanyanya uye vakashinga, vakatanga kudzokera shure vachirwisa kutonga kweFrance.
Kudonha uye Kutapwa
Kudonha kwaNapoleon kubva pachigaro kwaishamisa sekukwira kwake. Mushure mehondo yeRussia yakaipa, mubatanidzwa wemasimba eEurope wakabatana kuti umukunde paLeipzig muna 1813. Izvi zvakaita kuti France pachayo ipinde, zvikaita kuti abve pachigaro muna Kubvumbi 1814. Napoleon akadzingwa kuchitsuwa cheElba, asi haana kugara kwenguva refu, uye akakwanisa kutiza muna Kukadzi 1815, achidzokera kuFrance kwenguva inozivikanwa seMazuva Hundred.
Kumukazve kwenguva pfupi uku kwakaguma nekukundwa kwake paHondo yeWaterloo muna Chikumi 1815. Akabatwa nemauto eBritain, Napoleon akadzingwazve, panguva ino akaendeswa kuchitsuwa chiri kure cheSaint Helena kuSouth Atlantic, kwaaizopedza makore asara ehupenyu hwake. Rufu rwake musi wa5 Chivabvu 1821, rwakaratidza kuguma kwenguva, asi kwete kuguma kwesimba rake.
Nhaka yaNapoleon
Kuongorora nhaka yaNapoleon kunoda kuyera kubudirira kwake kukuru nemitengo yezvishuwo zvake. Kune rumwe rutivi, aive mugadziri wezvinhu akavandudza hurongwa hwehurumende yeFrance, hurongwa hwedzidzo, uye zvivakwa. Aitsigira hutongi hwepamusoro, izvo zvakabatsira kuputsa hurongwa hwekare hwehumambo, zvichikurudzira kufamba kwevanhu uye kuenzana pamberi pemutemo. Mutemo wake weNapoleon wakasiya simba guru uye rinogara kwenguva refu pamitemo pasi rose.
Kune rumwe rutivi, nyota yake isingaperi yesimba nekukunda zvakakonzera kuparadzwa kukuru nekurasikirwa nehupenyu. Kurwisa kwake mauto kwakachinja mepu yeEurope, asi nemutengo mukuru wevanhu nehupfumi. Kutonga kwake kweudzvinyiriri uye kudzoserwa kwemazita ehumambo kwakaratidza hukama hwakaoma nepfungwa dzechimurenga dzaaiti aitsigira.
Pakupedzisira, Napoleon munhu anomiririra zvese zvishuwo nekupokana kwenguva yake. Aive chibereko cheChimurenga, asi akazvigadza saMambo. Aive mugadziri wezvinhu anofambira mberi uye mutongi. Simba rake panhoroondo yeFrance neEurope harirambike; akachinja mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika neehondo enguva yake uye akasiya chiratidzo chisingadzimiki panzanga dzaakabata.
MuFrance, Napoleon achiri chiratidzo chekudada nenyika uye hunyanzvi hwemauto, kunyangwe paine gakava. Migwagwa, zvivakwa, uye kunyange Arc de Triomphe inozivikanwa muParis zvinomira seuchapupu hwehupenyu hwake hunoshamisa nenhaka yake. Angave achiyemurwa kana kushoropodzwa, basa raNapoleon Bonaparte munhoroondo yeFrance humbowo hwekuoma kwemabasa evanhu uye kukanganisa kusingaperi kwezvinangwa zvemunhu panhevedzano yenhoroondo.
