Kurwisana kweIsrael nePalestine: Nhoroondo Yekare
Hondo yeIsrael nePalestine ndeimwe yehondo dzakagara kwenguva refu uye dzinokakavadzana pasi rose. Inyaya ine mativi akawanda ine midzi yakadzika yenhoroondo, inosanganisira nyaya dzerudzi, dzechitendero, uye dzetsika dzinokwikwidzana. Kuti unzwisise zvechokwadi hondo iyi yakaoma, munhu anofanira kutsvaga kwayakatangira, zviitiko zvikuru, uye kuedza kwakawanda kwekugadzirisa kwemakore.
Historical Background
Nhoroondo yehondo yeIsrael nePalestine inotangira kare. Nyika inozivikanwa kare sePalestine iri kumabvazuva kweMediterranean, nzvimbo inoungana vanhu vakawanda uye inzvimbo ine kukosha kwechitendero chechiJudha, chiKristu, neIslam.
Nguva Yekare Kusvika kuNguva yeOttoman
Kubatana kwevaJudha nenyika yeIsraeri kwakatanga makore anopfuura 3,000 apfuura. Umambo hwekare hweIsraeri neJudha hwaivapo munharaunda iyi, Jerusarema riri guta guru, dzvene. Mushure mekukundwa kwakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira nevaAsiriya, vaBhabhironi, vaPersia, vaGiriki, nevaRoma, kuvapo kwevaJudha munyika yemadzitateguru avo kwakadzikira zvakanyanya.
Muna 70 CE, Umambo hweRoma hwakaparadza Tembere Yechipiri muJerusarema, zvikaita kuti vaJudha vapararire vari kunze kwenyika. Pasinei neizvi, nzanga dzechiJudha dzichiripo munharaunda iyi.
Pakazosvika zana remakore rechi7 CE, mushure mekukunda kwevaIslam, nzvimbo iyi yakava netsika dzechiArabhu nedzechiIslam. Kubatanidzwa kweJerusarema seguta dzvene muchiIslam kwakawedzera kusimbisa kukosha kwenzvimbo iyi.
Mutemo weOttoman neBritish
Humambo hweOttoman hwakatonga Palestine kubva muna 1517 kusvika pakupera kweHondo Yenyika I. Mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19, simba reOttoman parakapera, zvishuwo zvechiJudha zvenyika (Zionist) zvakatanga kukwira. Theodor Herzl, munhu akakosha muZionism, akakumbira kuti nyika yevaJudha ivandudzwezve.
Hondo Yenyika I yakachinja zvikuru mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika. Chibvumirano cheSykes-Picot (1916) neBalfour Declaration (1917) zvakagadzira nzira yekukakavadzana mune ramangwana. Chekupedzisira, chakaburitswa neBritain, chakatsigira kuumbwa kwe "musha wenyika wevanhu vechiJudha" muPalestine ukuwo ichivimbisa kuti izvi hazvizokanganisa kodzero dzevanhu vasiri vechiJudha.
Mushure meHondo Yenyika I, Palestine yakava pasi peBritish Mandate. Kusawirirana kwakawedzera pakati pevatorwa vechiJudha nevanhu vechiArabhu, mapoka ese ari maviri akanzwa kunge ari panjodzi nekuda kwezvinangwa zverudzi rwemumwe nemumwe.
Kubuda kweHondo Yemazuva Ano
Mushure meHondo Yenyika II uye Kugadzwa kweIsraeri
Kutyisa kweHolocaust kwakawedzera rutsigiro rwenyika dzechiJudha pasi rose. Muna 1947, Sangano reMarudzi (United Nations) rakaronga hurongwa hwekuparadzanisa nyika dzechiArabhu nedzechiJudha kuti dziumbe nyika dzechiArabhu nedzechiJudha dzakazvimirira pamwe neJerusarema rakava nyika dzepasi rose. Sangano rechiJudha rakabvuma hurongwa uhwu, asi hutungamiriri hwechiArabhu hwakaramba.
Musi wa14 Chivabvu 1948, Nyika yeIsrael yakaziviswa. Zuva rakatevera, nyika dzeArab dzakavakidzana dzakapinda nechisimba, zvikaita kuti pave neHondo yeArab neIsrael muna 1948. Israeri yakakunda, asi hondo iyi yakakonzera shanduko huru dzenzvimbo uye yakakonzera dambudziko guru revapoteri vePalestine. VaPalestine vanosvika 750,000 vakatiza kana kuti vakadzingwa, zvichikonzera kunyunyuta kunogara kwenguva refu kunozivikanwa seNakba (njodzi).
Kusawirirana Kukuru uye Kuedza Kugadzirisa Rugare
Hondo yeMazuva Matanhatu ya1967 Nemigumisiro Yayo
Kusawirirana kwakawedzera zvikaita kuti pave neHondo yeMazuva Matanhatu muna 1967. Israeri yakarwisa Egypt, Jordan, neSyria isati yatanga, ndokutora West Bank, Gaza Strip, Sinai Peninsula, neGolan Heights. Hondo iyi yakaita kuti West Bank neGaza, musha wevaPalestine vakawanda, dzitongwe neIsrael.
Chisarudzo cheUN Security Council Resolution 242 chakakurudzira kuti Israel ibve munzvimbo dzakatorwa uye kuti nyika yega yega ionekwe sekodzero yekugara murunyararo. Chisarudzo ichi chaitarisira kugadzira nzira yerugare rusingaperi, asi kusiyana kwetsananguro kwakakanganisa kutangwa kwacho.
Zvibvumirano zveOslo
Kubudirira kukuru kwakaitika neOslo Agreements muna 1993. Zvibvumirano izvi zvakagadzira Palestinian Authority (PA) uye zvakatsanangura matanho ekuti Palestinian izvitonge muzvikamu zveWest Bank neGaza. Vakakumbirawo kuti pave nekukurukurirana kwakawanda pamusoro penyaya dze "chinzvimbo chekupedzisira" dzakadai seJerusarema, vapoteri, miganhu, uye kuchengetedzeka.
Kunyange hazvo maitiro eOslo akaunza tariro, akasangana nematambudziko akawanda, kusanganisira kuramba achiwedzerwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara, kurwiswa kwevapanduki vekuPalestine, uye kupondwa kwezvematongerwo enyika.
Intifada Yechipiri uye Kusawirirana Kwazvino
Maitiro erunyararo akakanganiswa zvikuru nekutanga kweIntifada yechipiri (kumukira) muna 2000, mushure mekukundikana kwehurukuro dzeCamp David Summit. Mhirizhonga pakati pemauto eIsrael nevarwi vePalestine yakawedzera, zvikakonzera kufa kwevanhu vakawanda uye kuwedzera kusavimbana pakati pavo.
Pakati pemakore ekuma2000, Israel yakazviparadzanisa neGaza asi yakaramba ichidzora miganhu yayo, nzvimbo dzendege, uye nzira dzekupinda mugungwa. Hamas, boka remagandanga echiIslam, rakatora Gaza muna 2007, zvikaita kuti pave nehondo dzakawanda dzakaipa neIsrael.
Matambudziko Emazuva Ano Netarisiro Dzerugare
Mikana yerugare ichiri kusava nechokwadi. Nyaya dzinoverengeka dzakakosha dziri kuramba dzichikanganisa kugadziriswa kwenyaya:
1. Kusawirirana Kwenzvimbo: Miganhu iri pakati peIsrael nenyika yePalestine yeramangwana haisati yatsanangurwa. Kugara kweIsrael kuWest Bank kunoita kuti kuve nekukwanisa kwekuva nenyika yePalestine yakabatana.
2. Jerusarema: VaIsraeri nevaPalestine vanoti Jerusarema ndiro guta ravo guru. Nzvimbo tsvene dzeguta iri inzvimbo huru yechitendero nerudzi.
3. Vapoteri: Kodzero yekudzoka kwevapoteri vePalestine ichiri nyaya inokakavadzana. Israel inotya kuti kugamuchira vapoteri vakawanda kuchatyisidzira ruzhinji rwevaJudha.
4. Kunetseka Nezvekuchengetedzwa: Kunetseka nezvekuchengetedzwa kweIsrael pamusoro pekurwiswa kwePalestine uye kunetseka kwePalestine pamusoro pezviito zvemauto eIsrael nekudzora kwacho zvinokanganisa zvikuru mabasa erunyararo.
Zvibvumirano zvekugadzirisa mamiriro ekunze zvakaburitswa neUS pakati peIsrael nenyika dzinoverengeka dzeArabhu (Abraham Accords) zvakachinja mamiriro enzvimbo asi hazvina kugadzirisa zvakananga nyaya huru dzeIsrael nePalestine.
mhedziso
Hondo yeIsrael nePalestine ichiri imwe yenharo dzakaoma uye dzinokakavadzana munhoroondo yemazuva ano. Yakavakirwa munhaka dzakadzika dzenhoroondo uye yakakanganiswa nemhirizhonga yenguva nenguva uye tariro yerunyararo inopfuura, hondo iyi inoramba ichiumba hupenyu hwemamiriyoni evanhu munharaunda iyi. Kunyange hazvo paine kuedza kwakawanda kwerunyararo, mhinduro inogara kwenguva refu inoda kugadzirisa zvichemo nezvinangwa zvevanhu vese. Kuburikidza chete nekuzivana, kutaurirana, uye kubvumirana, rugare rwakarurama uye rusingaperi runogona kuwanikwa.
