Kuyera Simba reMagineti rePasi: Rwendo Runopfuura Nguva neTekinoroji
Simba remagineti rePasi rinoshanda sechidziviriro chinoshanduka, chichidzivirira pasi redu kubva kumwaranzi yezuva neyemuchadenga. Rinogadzirwa nekufamba kwesimbi yakanyungudutswa mukati mepakati pePasi, maitiro anotungamirwa nemagetsi anotenderera uye kutenderera kwepasi. Kunzwisisa nekuyera simba remagineti iri kwakakosha, kwete chete pakutsvagisa kwesainzi asiwo pakufamba nekutaurirana. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora kufambira mberi kwenhoroondo uye tekinoroji mukuyera simba remagineti rePasi.
Nhoroondo Yenhoroondo
Rwendo rwekunzwisisa simba remagineti rePasi rwakatanga kare. Kutaurwa kwekutanga kwesimba remagineti kunogona kuteverwa kumashure kuvaGiriki kuma600 BC, avo vakawana kuti chicherwa chinongoitika chega chinonzi magnetite chaigona kukwezva simbi. Zvisinei, zvakatoitika muzana remakore rechi11 apo maChinese akaita nhanho huru, achishandisa hunhu hwemagineti hwematombo epadenga kugadzira makampasi ekutanga ekufambisa.
Nekufamba kwenguva, vaongorori vekuEurope nemasayendisiti vakatanga kunzwisisa nekunyora simba remagineti zvakanyatsorongeka. William Gilbert, chiremba wekuBritain, uye musayendisiti akaburitsa "De Magnete" muna 1600, achiratidza kuti Nyika pachayo yaive giant magnetism. Basa raGilbert rakaisa hwaro hwekudzidza kwakarongeka kwegeomagnetism.
Zvishandiso Zvekutanga uye Zvakacherechedzwa
Chimwe chezvishandiso zvekare zvaikwanisa kuyera simba remagineti rePasi raive denderedzwa redhipu, rakagadzirwa muzana remakore rechi18. Chishandiso ichi chinoyera kona iyo tsono ine magineti yakanyura yakananga kuPasi, inozivikanwa sekuti magnetic inclination. Chimwe chishandiso chakakosha chaive magnetic compass, iyo inoyera chikamu chakatambanuka chesimba remagineti.
Pakutanga kwezana remakore rechi19, Alexander von Humboldt naCarl Friedrich Gauss vakapa mipiro yakakosha pakuyera geomagnetic. Gauss, kunyanya, akagadzira magnetometer yekutanga, chishandiso chekuyera simba resimba remagineti. Basa rake rakagadzira mwero wekutarisa geomagnetic uye kuunganidzwa kwedata.
Kuuya kweMagnetometry
Zana remakore rechi20 rakaona kufambira mberi kukuru mune tekinoroji uye nzira dzekuyera simba remagineti rePasi. Magnetometry yakabuda sechinhu chakakosha, ichibvumira kuyera kwakanyatsojeka kwegwara uye simba resimba remagineti.
Magnetometer yeFluxgate: Yakatangwa munguva yeHondo Yenyika II, mamagnetometer efluxgate anoyera minda yemagineti yakasiyana-siyana achishandisa tambo nhatu dzakamira. Ave achishandiswa zvakanyanya mukushandiswa kwemuchadenga, mugungwa, uye mu geology nekuda kwekusimba kwawo uye kururama kwawo.
Magnetometer yeProton Precession: Yakagadzirwa muma1950, rudzi urwu rwemagnetometer runobva pamusimboti we nuclear magnetic resonance. Nekuyera frequency yemaproton anoenderera mberi mumunda wemagineti, chishandiso ichi chinogona kuona simba rese remunda wemagineti nemazvo.
Magnetometers Anopombwa Nemaziso: Midziyo iyi, yakaita se cesium vapor magnetometer, inoshandisa simbi dzealkali ne laser tekinoroji kuti iite zviyero zvakanyatsonaka zvesimba remagineti. Inowanzo shandiswa mukutsvagisa kwesainzi nekuda kwekunzwa kwayo uye kururama kwayo.
Misangano yeSatellite uye Kucherechedzwa Kwepasi Rose
Kuuya kwetekinoroji yesatellite kwakachinja kuyera simba remagineti rePasi. Masatellite anopa maonero epasi rose asingagoneke nemidziyo iri pasi chete. Mishoni dzakawanda dzesatellite dzakabatsira zvikuru pakunzwisisa kwedu magnetosphere yePasi.
Satellite yeØrsted: Yakatangwa muna 1999 neDenmark, satellite yeØrsted yakapa zviyero zvepamusoro zvesimba remagineti rePasi, zvichibatsira zvikuru mukugadzirwa kwemamodheru esimba remagineti repasi rose.
CHAMP Satellite: Yakatangwa muna 2000, CHAMP (CHAllenging Minisatellite Payload) yeGermany yakapa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro penzvimbo dzemagineti negravity dzePasi. Ruzivo rwayo rwakabatsira zvikuru mukugadzira mifananidzo yemasigineti asina kujairika uye kuvandudza kunzwisisa kwesimba guru.
Dunhu reSwarm Constellation: Rakatangwa neEuropean Space Agency (ESA) muna 2013, basa reSwarm rine masateliti matatu anotenderera Pasi rese ari maviri. Masateliti aya anoyera simba negwara resimba remagineti nemazvo zvisati zvamboitika, zvichipa ruzivo rwekuchinja kwepakati pePasi, mantle, uye goko.
Mashandisirwo Emazuva Ano uye Kukosha Kwazvo
Kunzwisisa simba remagineti rePasi kune zvakunoreva zvakawanda muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana. Mamwe emashandisirwo azvino uno uye kukosha kwekuyera simba remagineti anosanganisira:
Kufamba: Makambasi ane magnetic nemagnetometers zvakakosha pakufamba, zvese pakufamba kwakajairika kunobva kukambasi uye masisitimu emazuva ano eGPS anovimba nedata re geomagnetic kuti akwanise kuyera uye kururama.
Kuongorora Geophysical: Magnetometers zvishandiso zvakakosha mukuongorora geophysical, zvichibatsira kuyera nzvimbo dzezvicherwa, minda yemafuta negasi, uye nzvimbo dzekuchera matongo. Nekuyera kusiyana kwesimba remagineti, nyanzvi dze geophysic dzinogona kufungidzira kuvapo kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana pasi pevhu.
Mamiriro ekunze emuchadenga: Simba remagineti rePasi rinobatana nemhepo yezuva nemwaranzi yemuchadenga, zvichikonzera zvinhu zvakaita sema auroras nemadutu e geomagnetic. Kunzwisisa kudyidzana uku kwakakosha pakufanotaura mamiriro ekunze emuchadenga nekudzivirira masateliti, magridi emagetsi, uye network dzekutaurirana.
Zvidzidzo zveMamiriro ekunze: Kusiyana kwesimba remagineti rePasi kwakabatana nekuchinja kwesimba repakati neremagadziko, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro emamiriro ekunze kwenguva refu. Nekudzidza munda wegeomagnetic, masayendisiti anogona kuwana ruzivo rwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kwekare uye mune ramangwana.
Sainzi yeMapuraneti: Kunzwisisa munda wemagetsi kunobatsira mukuenzanisa zvidzidzo zvemapuraneti. Nekudzidza minda yemagineti yemamwe mapuraneti, masayendisiti anogona kugumisa kuumbwa kwawo mukati uye mashandiro awo, zvichibatsira pakunzwisisa kwedu kwakakura kwekuumbwa kwepuraneti nekushanduka-shanduka.
Matambudziko uye Nhungamiro Yeramangwana
Pasinei nekufambira mberi kukuru, kuyera simba remagineti rePasi kuchiri kukonzera matambudziko. Nzvimbo iyi inoshanduka-shanduka zvikuru, ine kuchinja-chinja kwenguva pfupi uye kuchinja kwenguva refu. Kuchinja uku kunogona kuomesa kududzirwa kwedata uye kugadzirwa kwemuenzaniso. Pamusoro pezvo, pesvedzero yezvinogadzirwa zveruzha rwemagineti, zvakaita setambo dzemagetsi nemidziyo yemagetsi, zvinogona kukanganisa kuyerwa.
Nzira dzemangwana dzekutsvaga nezve geomagnetic dzingangotarisa pakuvandudza kugadziriswa uye kururama kwekuyera. Kufambira mberi mu tekinoroji ye sensor, computational modeling, uye ma machine learning algorithms zvine vimbiso yemhando dzakadzama uye dzinofanotaura dze magnetic field. Kuenderera mberi kwemabasa e satellite, pamwe nekutarisa kwakavakirwa pasi, kuchave kwakakosha mukuvaka kunzwisisa kwakazara kwe geomagnetic phenomena.
mhedziso
Kuyera simba remagineti rePasi kwafambira mberi zvikuru kubva pakuva nemakompasi ekare eChina kusvika kumabasa esatellite emuzana remakore rechi21. Rwendo urwu runoratidza kutsvaga kwevanhu ruzivo nekunzwisisa zvakasikwa. Sezvo tekinoroji ichiramba ichifambira mberi, ndiko kuchaitawo kugona kwedu kuyera nekunzwisisa simba remagineti rakaomarara uye rinoshanduka rinodzivirira pasi redu uye rinopesvedzera maitiro akawanda echisikigo neetekinoroji.
