Matekiniki ekuyera simba regiravhiti muGeophysics
Simba rinokwevera pasi, iro simba guru rezvisikwa, ndiro rimwe remasimba makuru anodzora kufamba uye chimiro cheNyika. Kunzwisisa kusiyana kwenzvimbo dzinokwevera pasi kwakakosha mukushandiswa kwakawanda kwesainzi uye kwekushanda, kusanganisira kutsvaga zvicherwa, kutsvaga mafuta negasi, uye kudzidza mafambiro e tectonic. Mu geophysics, kuyerwa kwakarurama kwesimba rinokwevera pasi kwakakosha pakunzwisisa maficha ari pasi pevhu uye kugadzira mamodheru emukati meNyika. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora matekiniki anoshandiswa mukuyera simba rinokwevera pasi mumunda we geophysics, ichisimbisa misimboti yaro, mashandisirwo aro, uye kukosha kwaro.
Nheyo dzeKuyera Simba reKukweva
Kuyerwa kwesimba regiravhiti kunobva papfungwa yekuti simba regiravhiti rinosiyana nekupararira kwehukuru mukati mePasi uye rinoderera nekukwirira pamusoro pePasi. Nekuyera kusiyana kwesimba regiravhiti, nyanzvi dzezve geophysics dzinogona kufungidzira kupararira kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zviri pasi pevhu, zvichibatsira pakuona zvinhu zvisina kujairika zvakaita semaminerari, maburi, kana shanduko muzvimiro zve geological.
Kukurumidza kwesimba regiravhiti panzvimbo imwe, kunoratidzwa se \( g \), kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakaita sekutenderera kwePasi, kureba, uye kupararira kwehukuru hwepasi pevhu. Kusiyana kwekumhanya kwesimba regiravhiti (\( \Delta g \)) kunowanzo kuyerwa mu milliGals (mGal), apo 1 Gal yakaenzana ne 1 cm/s². Matekiniki emazuva ano e geophysical ane hungwaru hwekuona kusiyana kudiki se microgals shoma.
Maitiro ekuyera simba regiravhiti
1. Magiravhiti
Magravimeter zvishandiso zvinonzwa zvakanyanya zvakagadzirirwa kuyera kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negiravhiti. Zvinogona kupatsanurwa zvakanyanya muzvikamu zviviri: absolute uye relative gravimeters.
MaGravimeter Akazara:
Magravimeter akazara anoyera zvakananga kukurumidza kwegiravhiti (\( g \)) achishandisa nzira dzekudonha kwemahara kana interferometry. Gravimeter inozivikanwa zvikuru iFG5, iyo inoshandisa laser kutarisa kuwa kwemahara kwebvunzo reflective mu vacuum. Nekuronga nguva chaiyo yekudonha kwemahara uye kushandisa laser interferometry kuyera daro, kukurumidza kwegiravhiti kunogona kutsanangurwa nemazvo (kusvika padanho re nanoGal).
MaGravimeter ehukama:
Magravimeter ane hukama anoyera musiyano wekumhanya kwesimba regiravhiti pakati penzvimbo mbiri. Anowanzo shandisa sisitimu yechitubu, uko kuwedzerwa kana kumanikidzwa kwechitubu kunoenderana nesimba regiravhiti kunoyerwa. Zvishandiso zvakaita seLaCoste-Romberg gravimeter zvinowanzo shandiswa pakuongorora nzvimbo. Zvishandiso izvi zvinotakurika uye zvinogona kupa zviyero zvine kururama kusvika kuma microGals mashoma.
2. Kufamba Nemhepo uye Satellite Gravimetry
Kuyera Kwemhepo Kunobhururuka:
Kuyera simba remhepo kunosanganisira kuisa magravimeter mundege kuti vaongorore nzvimbo dzakakura dzisingasvikiki. Iyi nzira inobatsira zvikuru kunzvimbo dzine nzvimbo dzakaoma kana nzvimbo dzakakura dzemvura. Magravimeter emazuva ano anoshandiswa mundege akagadzirwa kuti atsigire kufamba kwendege, zvichiita kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti kuverenga kwakarurama pasinei nemamiriro ekunze anochinja-chinja.
Gravimetry yeSetilaiti:
Masangano esatellite akaita seGrace (Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment) akachinja kunzwisisa kwedu munda wegravity wePasi. Masatellite eGrace anoyera gravity nekutevera shanduko dziri pakati pezvinhu zviviri zvemuchadenga zvinokonzerwa nekusiyana kwegravity. Kuyera uku kunopa data regravity repasi rose, zvichigonesa kudzidza kukuru kwekupararira kwepasi, hydrology, uye oceanography.
3. Gradiometry yesimba regiravhiti
Gravitational gradiometry inoyera nharaunda yesimba regravitational, ichipa ruzivo nezve mwero wekuchinja kwegiravita. Kusiyana nemagravimeter echinyakare anoyera huwandu hwescalar, gravitational gravitational gravitational gravitations anoyera huwandu hwetensor, zvichipa kunzwa kwakanyanya kune zvisingawanzoitika zvehukuru hwenzvimbo.
Gradiometer yepamusoro-soro ndiyo Gravity Field neSteady-State Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite, iyo inoshandisa accelerometers dzakanyatsojeka kuti iongorore kusiyana kwenzvimbo mumunda wegravitational. Gravitational gradiometry inobatsira zvikuru mukutsvaga zvicherwa nemafuta, sezvo ichigona kuona kusiyana kwakadzika kwehuwandu hwepasi pevhu ne resolution yepamusoro.
4. Ongororo dzeMicrogravity
Ongororo dzeMicrogravity zviyero zvegravity zvakanangana nekuona shanduko diki dzehuremu pasi pevhu. Ongororo idzi dzinoshandiswa muinjiniya, zvidzidzo zvezvakatipoteredza, uye zvekuchera matongo. Semuenzaniso, ongororo dzemicrogravity dzinogona kuona maburi, maburi, kana maburi akanyura, zvichibatsira mukuongorora kuchengetedzeka kwekuvaka.
Zvishandiso zveMicrogravity, zvakaita seLacoste-Romberg gravimeters inotakurika, zvinoiswa mu grid patterns pamusoro penzvimbo yekuongorora. Data rinounganidzwa rinogadziriswa kuti ribudise mamepu akadzama ezvakakanganisika zvegravity, zvichiratidza zvinhu zviri pasi pevhu nemazvo.
Mashandisirwo eKuyerwa kweGravity muGeophysics
Matekiniki ekuyera simba regiravhiti ane mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana mu geophysics, imwe neimwe ichishandisa simba renzira dzakatsanangurwa pamusoro apa.
Kuongorora Zvicherwa neHydrocarbon:
Ongororo dzesimba regiravhiti dzakakosha pakutsvaga zvicherwa uye nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mahydrocarbon. Kusiyana kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zviri mumatombo kana misungo yakazara nemafuta nematombo akapoteredza kunoita kuti pave nekusawirirana kwesimba regiravhiti kuonekwe negravimeters kana gradiometers. Kuyera uku kunogona kutungamira kuchera kunoongorora, kuderedza kusava nechokwadi uye mari inobatanidzwa nekutsvaga zviwanikwa pasi pevhu.
Zvidzidzo zveTectonic:
Kusiyana kuripo mumunda wegravitational kunobatsira pakunzwisisa kwedu maitiro e tectonic. Nekuronga mamiriro asina kunaka egravity, nyanzvi dze geophysics dzinogona kuona kuvapo kwema tectonic plates, zvikanganiso, uye nzvimbo dze rift. Kuyerwa kwegravity kunobatsirawo mukudzidza mantle convection uye crustal deformation, zvichipa ruzivo rwekuumbwa kwekudengenyeka kwenyika uye maitiro ekuvaka makomo (orogeny).
Kuputika kwemakomo:
Kuyerwa kwesimba regiravhiti kunobatsira kutarisa mashandiro egomo rinoputika nekuona shanduko mukufamba kwemagma pasi pevhu. Kuchinja kwehuwandu hwemagma kana nzvimbo kunochinja nzvimbo yegiravhiti, zvichiratidza kuputika kunogona kuitika. Kuramba uchitarisa simba regiravhiti rakatenderedza makomo anoputika kunogona kuva chikamu chehurongwa hwekunyevera nekukurumidza nezvenjodzi dzinoitika pamakomo anoputika.
Mashandisirwo Ezvakatipoteredza uye Uinjiniya:
Mumainjiniya ekuvaka, ongororo dzesimba rinokwevera pasi dzinoongorora kugadzikana kwevhu uye dzinoona kusarongeka kwepasi pevhu senge mashandiro emugodhi wekare kana maburi anogona kukanganisa mapurojekiti ekuvaka. Mashandisirwo ezvakatipoteredza anosanganisira ongororo dzepasi pevhu uye kuwana marara akavigwa kana matangi.
Sainzi yeMamiriro ekunze uye Ongororo yeGungwa:
Kuongororwa kwegiravhiti yesatellite kunopa ruzivo nezvekuchinja kuri kuitika mumunda wegiravhiti wePasi nekuda kwekurasikirwa kwehuwandu hwechando, kukwira kwehuwandu hwegungwa, uye kuparadzwa kwemvura yepasi pevhu. Kuyerwa uku kunokosha muzvidzidzo zvemamiriro ekunze, kuchisimbisa mhedzisiro yekudziya kwepasi rose pamipendero yechando yepolar uye kuchibatsira mukufambisa kwemvura mugungwa.
mhedziso
Matekiniki ekuyera simba regiravhiti mu geophysics anopa maturusi ane simba ekuongorora pasi penyika uye kunzwisisa mashandiro ayo anochinja-chinja. Kubva pakuyera kwakarurama kwegravimeters dzakakwana uye dzine hukama kusvika kuongororo dzakakura dzinoitwa negiravhiti yemhepo nesatellite, nzira idzi pamwe chete dzinowedzera kugona kwedu kuongorora nekududzira kusiyana kwegiravhiti. Sezvo tekinoroji ichifambira mberi, matekiniki aya acharamba achichinja, achipa kururama kukuru uye mhinduro, uye achiwedzera mashandisirwo awo muzvidzidzo zvedzidzo uye matambudziko anoshanda muindasitiri.
