Nzira dzeGravimetry muKuongorora Geological: Pfupiso Yakakwana
Gravimetry inzira inobatsira pakutsvaga geology inoyera kusiyana kwesimba regiravhiti rePasi kuti ione kupararira kwehukuru hwepasi. Iyi nzira isingapindi muropa inopa ruzivo rwakakosha pamusoro pemaumbirwo ePasi, kusanganisira kuziva zvicherwa zvakachengetwa, nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa mvura ine hydrocarbon, uye maumbirwo egeology. Nekunzwisisa misimboti, nzira, mashandisirwo, uye kufambira mberi mugravimetry, nyanzvi dzegeology dzinogona kushandisa nzira iyi zvinobudirira kuvhura zvakavanzika zvepasi.
Nheyo dzeGravimetry
Nheyo huru yegravimetry yakavakirwa pamutemo waNewton wegravity, uyo unoti huremu hwega hwega hunokwezva humwe huremu nesimba rakaenzana zvakananga nezvibereko zvehuremu hwavo uye zvakaenzana nechikamu chedaro riri pakati pavo. Kusiyana mumunda wegravity pamusoro pePasi kunokonzerwa nekusiyana kwehuwandu hwezvinhu zviri pasi pevhu. Nekuyera kusiyana uku, nyanzvi dzezve geology dzinogona kufungidzira kupararira uye kuumbwa kwezvivakwa zve geological zviri pasi.
Maitiro ekuongorora Gravimetric
Ongororo dzeGravimetric dzinosanganisira matanho akakosha uye maturusi ekuunganidza data rakarurama regiravhiti:
1. Zviridzwa
Magravimeter ndiwo maturusi makuru anoshandiswa mukuongorora gravimetric. Midziyo iyi inoyera kukurumidza kunokonzerwa negravimetric panzvimbo dzakatarwa. Magravimeter akanyatsojeka anogona kuona shanduko diki mugravimetric, kazhinji kusvika ku 0.01 milliGals (mGal). Magravimeter emazuva ano anogona kuiswa mumhando mbiri huru:
– Absolute Gravimeters: Izvi zvinoyera kukurumidza kwegiravhiti nekuona kufamba kwe free-fall kwe test mass mu vacuum. Zvinopa zviyero zvakakwana uye zvakakwana zvegiravhiti.
– Relative Gravimeters: Izvi zvinoenzanisa simba regiravhiti panzvimbo yekuongorora nenzvimbo yekutarisa. Zvinowanzo shandiswa pakuongorora nzvimbo nekuda kwekutakura kwadzo uye nyore kushandisa.
2. Kugadzira Ongororo
Kugadzira ongororo inoshanda yegravimetric kunosanganisira kusarudza magrid ekuongorora akakodzera uye nzvimbo yaunoda kuti uwane mhinduro inodiwa. Grid yekuongorora inosarudza huwandu hwenzvimbo dzedata, nepo nzvimbo yacho ichikanganisa kugona kweongororo kuona zvinhu zvisina kujairika pasi pevhu. Nzvimbo iri pedyo inopa mhinduro iri nani asi inowedzera mutengo nenguva yeongororo.
3. Kuwanikwa kweData
Munguva yekuongorora gravimetric, magravimeter anoiswa kuti ayere munda wegravitational panzvimbo dzakatarwa. Kuyerwa uku kunogadziriswa nekuda kwezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira:
– Kufamba kwezviridzwa: Kuchinja kwekunzwa kwezviridzwa nekufamba kwenguva.
– Mhedzisiro yeTidal: Simba regiravhiti remwedzi nezuva.
– Kugadziriswa kweLatitude: Kuchinja kwegiravhiti nelatitude nekuda kwechimiro cheNyika.
- Kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo: Kukanganiswa kwenzvimbo pakuongorora simba regiravhiti.
4. Kugadziriswa kweData uye Kududzira
Ruzivo rwakaunganidzwa runogadziriswa zvakasimba kubvisa ruzha uye kugadzirisa zvinhu zvinokanganisa kunze. Zvikanganiso zvinokonzereswa negiravhiti zvinozoongororwa uchishandisa nzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai se:
– Bouger Anomaly: Inogadzirisa simba regiravhiti renzvimbo uye inokwezva nzvimbo yakati sandara, yakatwasuka panzvimbo yakati sandara.
– Free-Air Anomaly: Inogadzirisa kukwirira kwenzvimbo yekuyera pamusoro pedanho rekutarisa.
– Kusarongeka kwenzvimbo: Kunobvisa shanduko dzesimba remuchadenga nekubvisa maitiro enzvimbo.
Mashandisirwo muKuongorora Kwenyika
Gravimetry inowana mashandisirwo akawanda mukuongorora geology nekuda kwekugona kwayo kupa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvezvivakwa zvepasi pevhu pasina kuboora.
1. Kutsvaga Zvicherwa
Gravimetry inoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakutsvaga zvicherwa. Kusiyana kwenzvimbo yegravitational field kunogona kuratidza kuvapo kwezvicherwa zvakakora kana maburi akagadzirwa nemabasa ekuchera kare. Semuenzaniso, zvicherwa zvakakora zvakaita sesimbi, lead, uye zinc zvinogona kuonekwa kuburikidza nekusava nemvumo kwegiravhiti, nepo kusagadzikana kusina kunaka kunogona kuratidza zvinhu zvine huremu hwakaderera senge salt domes.
2. Kutsvaga Hydrocarbon
Mukutsvaga mahydrocarbon, gravimetry inobatsira kuona nzvimbo dzinogona kuwanikwa mafuta negasi. Matangi emvura ine mahydrocarbon anowanzo gadzira zviratidzo zvakasiyana zvesimba regiravhiti. Nekuronga zvinhu izvi zvisina kujairika, nyanzvi dzezve geology dzinogona kuona nzvimbo dzinofarirwa kuti dziongororwe zvakanyanya, zvichideredza kudiwa kwekuchera kwakakura uye kunodhura.
3. Uinjiniya hweGeotechnical
Gravimetry inoshandiswawo mumapurojekiti einjiniya yekuvaka kuti vaongorore mamiriro epasi pevhu. Inogona kubatsira kuona nzvimbo dzakavigwa, dzakadai semakonzo ekare kana mashandiro emigodhi yekare, izvo zvinogona kukonzera njodzi kumapurojekiti ekuvaka. Kunzwisisa geology iri pasi pevhu kunoita kuti pave nekugadzikana uye kuchengetedzeka kwekuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa.
4. Zvidzidzo zveTectonic
Mukuongorora ma "tectonics", gravimetry inobatsira kuburitsa pachena kuoma kwe "crust" yePasi uye "mantle". Nekudzidza nezve "gravity anomalies", masayendisiti anogona kunzwisisa zviri nani mafambiro ema "tectonic plates", kupararira kwe "crustal mass", uye simba re "subduction zones". Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha pakuongorora njodzi dze "seismic" uye kunzwisisa maitiro e "geodynamic" ePasi.
Kufambira Mberi muGravimetry
Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji, gravimetry yave yakanyatsojeka uye inoshanda, zvichiita kuti ishandiswe mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzemashandisirwo:
1. Kuyera Kwemhepo Kunobhururuka
Kuyera simba remudenga kunosanganisira kuisa magravimeter mundege, zvichibvumira ongororo huru munzvimbo dzisingasvikiki kana dzine njodzi. Nzira iyi inokurumidza uye inodhura zvishoma kune nzvimbo dzakakura. Data rakaunganidzwa kubva muongororo dzemudenga rinobatsira pakugadzira mapu enzvimbo uye kutsvaga zvicherwa.
2. Gravimetry yeSetilaiti
Ruzivo rwegravitarian kubva kumabasa emuchadenga, akadai seGravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) uye GRACE Follow-On inotsiva, runopa maonero epasi rose pamusoro pekuchinja kwesimba regravitarian rePasi nekufamba kwenguva. Gravitarium yesatellite inobatsira kutarisa kurasikirwa kwechando, shanduko dzegungwa, uye kusiyana kwekuchengetwa kwemvura, zvichipa ruzivo rwakakosha muzvidzidzo zvemamiriro ekunze uye hydrology.
3. Quantum Gravimetry
Kugadzirwa kwemasensa equantum kune vimbiso huru kune ramangwana regravimetry. Magravimeter equantum anowana kunzwisiswa kusingaenzaniswi nekushandisa mamiriro eatomu achishandisa lasers. Izvi zvishandiso zvechizvarwa chinotevera zvinogona kuona shanduko diki dzegiravhiti, izvo zvinogona kuchinja nzvimbo dzakadai sekutsvaga zviwanikwa uye kufanotaura kudengenyeka kwenyika.
Matambudziko uye Nhungamiro Yeramangwana
Pasinei nezvakanakira zvayo, gravimetry inosangana nematambudziko akadai sekuoma kwekududzira data, ruzha rwezvakatipoteredza, uye kudhura kwakanyanya kwemidziyo neongororo. Tsvagiridzo yeramangwana ine chinangwa chekuvandudza matekiniki ekuongorora data, kugadzira gravimeters dzinodhura uye dzinotakurika, uye kubatanidza gravimetry nedzimwe nzira dze geophysical kuti iwedzere kushanda kwayo.
Uyezve, kukura kuri kuita hunyanzvi hwekudzidza kwemichina nehuchenjeri hwekugadzira zvinhu zvinopa mikana inonakidza yekugadzirisa data otomatiki uye kuvandudza kuonekwa kwezvinhu zvisina kujairika. Maalgorithms epamusoro anogona kuchinja kuburikidza nemaseti makuru edata kuti aone mapatani uye hukama hunogona kushaikwa nenzira dzechinyakare.
mhedziso
Gravimetry chishandiso chakakosha mukutsvaga geology, chinopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezvemaumbirwo epasi pevhu. Mashandisirwo ayo mukutsvaga zvicherwa nemahydrocarbon, geotechnical engineering, uye tectonic studies anoratidza kushanduka-shanduka uye kukosha kwayo. Nekufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kuri kuenderera mberi uye kushanda pamwe chete kwemasangano akasiyana-siyana, gravimetry icharamba ichiita basa guru mukuratidza kudzika kwakavanzika kwepasi redu, kutungamira kuedza kwekutsvaga, uye kubatsira mukunzwisisa kwedu maitiro egeology. Sezvatinovhura miganhu mitsva mugravimetry, mukana wekuwana zviwanikwa zvisati zvashandiswa uye kunzwisisa masisitimu epasi anochinja-chinja unowedzera kuvimbisa.
