Nheyo Dzekutanga dzeRadar Inopinda Pasi
Radar Inopinda Muvhu (GPR) inzira isingapindi muvhu inoshandisa radar pulses kuti ifananidze pasi pevhu. GPR yakawana mashandisirwo muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira geology, archaeology, Environmental Studies, Engineering, uye kunyange mapurisa. Pasinei nekushandiswa kwayo kwakasiyana-siyana uye kushandiswa kwakapararira, misimboti iri shure kweGPR inogona kuoma. Chinyorwa chino chinangwa ndechekutsanangura misimboti yekutanga yeRadar Inopinda Muvhu, ichipa kunzwisisa kwakazara kwekushanda kwayo, mashandisirwo ayo, uye zvipingamupinyi zvayo.
Chii chinonzi Ground Penetrating Radar?
Radar Inopinda Muvhu inzira ye geophysical inoshandisa electromagnetic radiation mu microwave band (UHF/VHF frequency) kuti ione masaini anoratidzwa kubva kuzvivako zviri pasi pevhu. Sisitimu yeradar inotumira pulse muvhu kubva kune antenna inotumira. Kana pulse iyi ikasangana nekubatana pakati pezvinhu zvine hunhu hwakasiyana hwe dielectric - semuenzaniso, muganhu uri pakati pevhu nedombo - chikamu chesimba chinodzoserwa kumusoro, uko chinoonekwa ne antenna inogamuchira. Nguva yainotora kuti chiratidzo chidzoke inoyerwa, uye data iri rinoshandiswa kugadzira mufananidzo kana chimiro chezvinhu zviri pasi pevhu.
Fizikisi Iri Kuseri kweGPR
Kushanda kweGPR kwakavakirwa pamisimboti yemagetsi. Sisitimu yeGPR inogadzira mafungu eredhiyo ane frequency yakakwira, ayo anopararira muvhu. Kumhanya kwemafungu aya kunoenderana nekubvumidzwa kwe dielectric kwezvinhu zvaanopfuura nazvo. Kana mafungu aya akasangana nemuganhu apo hunhu hwe dielectric hunochinja, rimwe simba rinodzoserwa pamusoro.
Zvinhu zviviri zvikuru zvinopesvedzera zviratidzo zveGPR idielectric permittivity uye electrical conductivity yezvinhu zviri pasi pevhu. Dielectric permittivity inokanganisa kumhanya kwemafungu eradar, ukuwo electrical conductivity inokanganisa kumhanya kwesignal. Zvinhu zvine conductivity yakakwira, zvakaita sevhu kana mvura yemunyu, zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya simba re radar signal, nokudaro zvichideredza kudzika kwekupinda kwayo.
Zvikamu Zvikuru zveMasisitimu eGPR
1. Antena: Antena iyi ingangove ndiyo inonyanya kukosha muGPR system. Maantenna ese ari maviri anotumira nekugamuchira anoshandiswa. Kuwanda kweantenna kunosarudza resolution uye kudzika kwekupinda kweradar system. Maantenna efrequency yakakwira (semuenzaniso, 900 MHz) anopa resolution iri nani asi anopinda zvishoma, zvichiita kuti akwanise kuona zvinhu zvidiki, zvisina kudzika. Kusiyana neizvi, maantenna efrequency yakaderera (semuenzaniso, 100 MHz) anogona kupinda zvakadzika asi anopa resolution yakaderera.
2. Chigadziko Chekudzora: Chigadziko chekudzora chinoburitsa ma "radar pulses" uye chinogadzirisa masaini anogamuchirwa. Chinowanzo sanganisira komputa inoisa data mudhijitari uye inorichengeta kuti riongororwe zvakanyanya.
3. Kuchengeta neKuratidza Data: Masisitimu emazuva ano eGPR anouya nemidziyo yekuchengetedza data uye yekuratidza iyo inobvumira kuona pasi pevhu panguva chaiyo, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuona zvinhu kana zvinhu paunenge uri mumunda.
Data Acquisition
Kuwana data muGPR kunosanganisira kufambisa radar system pamusoro pevhu uku uchiramba uchiburitsa radar pulses uye uchinyora masaini anoratidzwa. Data rinounganidzwa rinowanzo ratidzwa muchimiro cheradargram, inova chiratidzo chemativi maviri epasi. Ma layers akasiyana kana zvinhu zvinogadzira hyperbolic kana linear reflections muradargram, iyo vashandi vakadzidziswa vanogona kududzira kuti vawane kuvapo uye kudzika kwezvimiro zvepasi pevhu.
Kududzira uye Kuongorora Data
Kududzira data reGPR kunosanganisira kunzwisisa radargram nemapatani ainoratidza. Mapatani ekufungisisa anogona kuratidza mhando dzakasiyana dzezvinhu kana zvinhu. Semuenzaniso, chinhu chakasimba chinogona kuoneka sechiratidzo chakasiyana, chehyperbolic, nepo ma layers akapatsanurwa achizoonekwa sechiratidzo chakafanana, chemutsara. Matekiniki epamusoro ekugadzirisa, akadai sekufambisa, kusefa, uye kuongorora kweamplitude, anowanzo shandiswa kuvandudza kunaka kwedata uye kururama.
Mashandisirwo eGPR
Radar Inopinda Muvhu ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana munzvimbo dzakasiyana siyana:
1. Kuchera Matongo: Mukuchera matongo, GPR inokosha pakutsvaga zvivakwa zvakavigwa, zvinhu zvekare, uye kunyange zvasara zvevanhu pasina kukanganisa nzvimbo yacho.
2. Geotechnical Engineering: GPR inoshandiswa kuongorora mamiriro evhu, kuwana nzvimbo dzepasi pevhu, uye kuona huwandu hwetsvina.
3. Zvidzidzo zveZvakatipoteredza: Nyanzvi dzezvezvakatipoteredza dzinoshandisa GPR kudzidza huwandu hwemvura iri pasi pevhu, hunyoro hwevhu, uye kupararira kwetsvina.
4. Kuvaka neUinjiniya hweMagetsi: Mainjiniya anoshandisa GPR kuongorora migwagwa, mabhiriji, nezvivakwa kuti vaone kana zvivakwa zvacho zvakagadzikana, uye kuona kuti pane migero kana maburi mukati mezvivakwa zvekongiri.
5. Kuferefeta uye Kusimbisa Mutemo: Mapurisa anoshandisa GPR kuwana makuva epachivande, zvombo zvakavanzwa, kana humwe humbowo hwakavigwa pasi pevhu.
Miganhu yeGPR
Pasinei nekusiyana-siyana kwayo, GPR ine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi:
1. Kudzika kwekupinda: Kudzika kwekupinda kunogumira nekuda kwehuwandu hweradar uye kufambiswa kwemagetsi kwezvinhu zviri pasi pevhu. Zvinhu zvinofambisa mvura zvakanyanya zvakaita sevhu kana mvura ine munyu zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya chiratidzo cheradar, zvichideredza kudzika kunoshanda.
2. Kugadzirisa Kusvika Pakudzika: Pane musiyano uripo pakati pekugadzirisa Kusvika Pakudzika. Mafungu eradar ane frequency yakakwira anopa mifananidzo yakadzama asi anopinda pakadzika pakadzika chete, nepo mafungu ane frequency yakaderera achipinda zvakadzika asi achipa solution yakaderera.
3. Kududzira Data: Kududzira data reGPR kunoda hunyanzvi hwepamusoro. Radargrams dzinogona kuoma, uye kududzira zvisirizvo kunogona kutungamira kumhedzisiro isiriyo nezvemamiriro ezvinhu ari pasi pevhu.
4. Mamiriro Ezvinhu Zvakatipoteredza: Kushanda zvakanaka kweGPR kunogona kukanganiswa nemamiriro ezvinhu zvakaita sehunyoro, tembiricha, uye kuumbwa kwevhu, izvo zvinogona kukanganisa simba rechiratidzo uye kujeka kwaro.
Tarisiro Yeramangwana Nekuvandudzwa
Kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kuri kuramba kuchivandudza kugona kweGPR. Kuvandudzwa mukugadzira antenna, ma algorithms ekugadzirisa masaini, uye matekiniki ekududzira data ari kuwedzera resolution, kudzika kwekupinda, uye kururama kwemasisitimu eGPR. Pamusoro pezvo, kubatanidzwa kweGPR nedzimwe nzira dze geophysical uye kushandiswa kwekudzidza kwemuchina pakududzira data kuri kuvhura mikana mitsva yekuferefeta kwakazara pasi pevhu.
mhedziso
Radar Inopinda Muvhu chishandiso chine simba chekutsvaga pasi pevhu risingapindi. Kunzwisisa misimboti yekutanga iri shure kwekushanda kwayo, zvinhu zvinokanganisa mashandiro ayo, uye mashandisirwo ayo akasiyana-siyana kunogona kubatsira vashandisi kuwedzera kugona kwavo. Kunyange zvazvo GPR ine miganho, kufambira mberi kwetekinoroji kuri kuenderera mberi kunovimbisa kukunda matambudziko mazhinji aya, zvichiita kuti GPR ive chinhu chakakosha zvikuru muminda yekuchera matongo, mainjiniya, sainzi yezvakatipoteredza, forensics, nezvimwewo. Nekuziva misimboti yeGPR, vashandi vanogona kuvhura kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwenyika yakavanzwa pasi petsoka dzedu.
