Maitiro eKugadzirisa Kutenderera Kwepasi muKuongorora Kwenyika
Kuchinja kwepasi pevhu inzira inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuongorora geology kuti iongorore mamiriro epasi pevhu zvichibva pakupararira kwemafungu epasi pevhu. Iyi nzira inoshandisa musimboti wekuti mafungu epasi pevhu anopararira nekumhanya kwakasiyana kana achipfuura nepakati pematombo ane hunhu hwakasiyana, kunyanya kuwanda uye kusimba. Nekuti inoshanda zvishoma, inodhura zvishoma pane kuratidzwa kwepasi pevhu, uye inokwanisa kupa mifananidzo yezvivakwa zvisina kudzika kusvika zvepakati, kuparadzanisa kwepasi pevhu kunowanzo shandiswa muzvidzidzo zve geotechnical, hydrogeology, kutsvaga zviwanikwa, uye kuferefeta njodzi.
Nheyo dzeKugadzirisa Kutenderera Kwepasi
Mukudengenyeka kwenyika, simba (semuenzaniso, nyundo, kuputika kudiki, kana kudonha kwehuremu) rinoburitsa mafungu ekudengenyeka kwenyika anopararira kumativi ese. Kana mafungu asvika pamuganhu uri pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvine kumhanya kwakasiyana kwekupararira, rimwe simba rinoonekwa uye rimwe rinodzoserwa. Kana chikamu chiri pasi chine kumhanya kwakanyanya kupfuura chikamu chepamusoro, fungu rakadzoserwa rinogona kupararira pamwe chete nechikamu chepakati uye rozodzoka pamusoro sefungu remusoro. Mafungu aya anowanzo nyorwa seanotanga kusvika pageophone.
Chinhu chikuru cheiyi nzira kuyera nguva yekufamba kwemafungu kubva panobva mvura kuenda kune imwe neimwe inogamuchira. Nekuongorora nguva-daro, vaturikiri vanogona kufungidzira kumhanya kwemafungu muchikamu chimwe nechimwe uye kudzika kwemuganhu uri pakati pezvikamu. Kumhanya kwemafungu epasi pevhu kunokanganiswa nerudzi rwedombo, huwandu hwesimba, porosity, huwandu hwemvura, uye mwero wemamiriro ekunze.
Kuwanikwa kweMidziyo neData
Ongororo yekudengenyeka kwenyika inoda zvinhu zvakakosha: nzvimbo yekutenderera kwenyika, ma geophone akasiyana-siyana, tambo uye sisitimu yekurekodha (seismograph), uye mudziyo wekuisa zvinhu panzvimbo. Ma geophone anoiswa panguva dzakatarwa munzira yekuyera. Kupfura kunopfurwa panzvimbo imwe chete kana kupfuura munzira kuti kugadzire mafungu. Mukuita, magadzirirwo ekupfura mberi nekudzoka anowanzo shandiswa kuderedza zvikanganiso zvekududzira nekuda kwekutsvedza kwelayer kana kusiyana kwemativi.
Zvikamu zvakakosha zvekuwana zvinosanganisira nzvimbo yegeophone, kureba kwekupararira, huwandu hwenzira, uye simba renzvimbo. Kureba kwenzvimbo kunowedzera kugona asi kunowedzera nguva nemari. Kureba kwekupararira kunotarisa kudzika kwekutsvaga; kana nzira yakareba, mukana wekunyora mafungu akadzorwa kubva muzvikamu zvakadzika unowedzera, chero bedzi musiyano wekukurumidza wakakwana. Hunhu hwedata hunotariswawo nemamiriro emunda: ruzha kubva kumotokari, michina, kana mhepo zvinogona kukanganisa kuzivikanwa kwekutanga.
Kugadziriswa uye Kududzira
Danho rekugadzirisa data re seismic refraction rinowanzo tanga nekusvika kwekutanga kwekurekodha kwega kwega. Kusarudza kunoitwa nemaoko kana semi-otomatiki uchishandisa software, nemazvo zvakanyanya, sezvo kunyangwe zvikanganiso zvidiki mukuita nguva zvinogona kukonzera zvikanganiso zvakakura pakudzika. Girafu yenguva yekufamba kana daro inozogadzirwa. Kubva pagirafu iyi, zvikamu zvemutsara wakatwasuka zvinoratidza shanduko mukumhanya kwekupararira kwemafungu kwakabatana nezvikamu zvakasiyana.
Nzira dzekare dzekududzira dzinosanganisira nzira ye intercept time uye nzira ye reciprocal. Intercept time inoshandisa kuungana kwemitsara yakawedzerwa kubva kuzvikamu zve refracted wave kuti iverenge kudzika kwe interface. Nzira dze reciprocal ne generalized reciprocal (GRM) dzinochinjika zviri nyore kune mamiriro e layer akatsveyama uye lateral variations. Muzviitiko zvakawanda zvemazuva ano, kududzira kunoitwawo kuburikidza ne refraction tomography inversion, iyo inogadzira 2D kana 3D velocity models. Tomography inoshanda nekugadzirisa subsurface model kusvika nguva dzekufamba dzakaverengerwa dzaenderana nenguva dzekufamba dzakaonekwa, nokudaro zvichiratidza kusiyana kwevelocity zvakanyanya.
Mashandisirwo muKuongorora Kwenyika
Mukutsvaga geology, kudengenyeka kwenyika kunoshandiswa zvakanyanya pazvinangwa zvakakosha. Chekutanga, kuyera kudzika kwedombo uye ukobvu hwezvikamu zvakatsveyama. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha pakuronga nheyo dzezvivakwa, mabhiriji, madhamu, nemigwagwa mikuru. Zvikamu zvakatsveyama zvakakora uye zvisina kusimba zvinogona kukonzera njodzi yekudonha kwevhu kana kusagadzikana kwemateru.
Chechipiri, kudzika kwepasi kwemvura kunobatsira muzvidzidzo zvemvura, kunyanya pakuona zvidimbu zvemvura, miganhu yematombo isingapindi mvura, uye nzvimbo dzakatyoka dzinogona kushanda senzira dzekuyerera kwemvura pasi pevhu. Kumhanya kwepasi kwemvura kunogona kupa zviratidzo zvehuwandu hwemvura yakawandisa; zvidimbu zvakazara zvinowanzova nekumhanya kwakanyanya kupfuura zvidimbu zvakaomeswa, kunyangwe kududzirwa kuchifanira kubatanidzwa nedata rezve geology nedzimwe nzira dzakadai sekuongorora kwegeoelectric.
Chechitatu, nzira iyi inowanzo shandiswa pakutsvaga zvinhu zvakacherwa zvisina kudzika zvakaita sejecha, matombo akacherwa, kana matombo emugodhi, sezvo ichigona kufungidzira ukobvu hwakawandisa uye hunhu hwematombo. Chechina, kudzika kwepasi kunobatsirawo mukuferefeta njodzi, semuenzaniso, kuyera nzvimbo dzisina kusimba dzine chekuita nekukanganisa kudiki kana kudonha kwevhu kunogona kuitika. Kusiyana kwekumhanya kunogona kuratidza nzvimbo dzakatyoka kana zvidimbu zvevhu zvakapfava.
Mabhenefiti eSeismic Refraction Technique
Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zve seismic refraction ndechekuti inodhura uye inoshanda zvakanaka. Midziyo yacho iri nyore, kuwana data kunokurumidza, uye kududzirwa kunogona kuitwa uchishandisa nzira dziri nyore uye tomography yemazuva ano. Nzira iyi inopawo fungidziro yekukurumidza kwe compression wave (P-wave), iyo inobatsira pamatanho e geotechnical akadai se rock rippability uye kuratidza kuomarara kwe layer.
Pamusoro pezvo, kudzika kwepasi kunogona kushanda zvakanaka mumamiriro ezvinhu apo zvikamu zvepasi zviri kufamba nekukurumidza kupfuura zvikamu zvepamusoro—mamiriro ezvinhu akajairika pakuchinja kubva paivhu rakasununguka kuenda kudombo rakamanikana. Munzvimbo dzisina kudzika dzekutsvaga (mamita mashoma kusvika kumakumi emamita), kudzika kwepasi kazhinji ndiyo sarudzo inosarudzwa.
Zvipingamupinyi Nezvinetso
Kunyange zvazvo zvichibatsira, kudzika kwepasi kwepasi kune miganhu inofanirwa kunzwisiswa. Nzira iyi haishande kana paine "chivande chakavanzwa," chivande chine speed yakaderera chakaiswa pakati pezvikamu zviviri zvine speed yakakwirira. Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, mafungu akakandwa kubva muchikamu chezasi anogona kutonga, zvichiita kuti chivande chinononoka chisaonekwe.
Kupatsanura hakukodzeriwo kugadzira mapu ezvivakwa zvakaomarara kana zvinangwa zvinoda resolution yakakwira pakadzika. Uyezve, kusiyanisa kumhanya kwakakwana kunodiwa kuti mafungu akakosha e refraction aumbe uye anyorerwe zvakajeka. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana, topography yakakora, uye ruzha rwakanyanya zvinogona kuomesa kusarudzwa kwekutanga uye kukanganisa mhando yemuenzaniso.
Saka, mhedzisiro yekudzika kwepasi pevhu inofanira kugara ichiongororwa nedata rinotsigira rakadai sekuchera, maburi epasi pevhu, bvunzo dzepasi pevhu, kana dzimwe nzira dzepasi pevhu (semuenzaniso, MASW, resistivity, kana GPR). Kubatanidzwa kwedata kuchawedzera kuvimbika kwekududzira uye kuderedza kusanzwisisika.
Penutup
Kugadziriswa kwepasi pevhu inzira inokosha yekuongorora geophysical, kunyanya pakuongorora pasi pevhu kusina kudzika kusvika pakati nepakati. Uchishandisa ongororo yenguva yekufamba kwemafungu epasi pevhu, nzira iyi inogona kufungidzira kumhanya kwezvikamu uye kudzika kwemiganhu yezvikamu zvakasiyana, nokudaro ichibatsira mukugadzira mapoinzi, ukobvu hwemamiriro ekunze, kugona kwemvura, uye nzvimbo dzisina simba rejiyoroji. Pasinei nemiganhu yakadai sekuoma kuona zvikamu zvakavanzika uye kuvimba nekusiyana kwekukurumidza, kugadziriswa kwepasi pevhu kunoramba kuri sarudzo inoshanda kana yakagadzirwa zvakanaka uye yakabatanidzwa nedzimwe data rejiyoroji. Nekuvandudzwa kwesoftware yekuchinja kwematomu, kugona kwenzira iyi kwakawedzera, zvichiita kuti ive chishandiso chakakodzera uye chine simba chekutsvaga kwejiyoroji nezvinodiwa zveinjiniya.
