Kutenderera Kwemvura Nemigumisiro Yayo Pakukukurwa Kwevhu
Pendauluan
Kutenderera kwemvura inzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinoshandiswa nemvura panyika kufamba nepakati pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana mumhepo, panyika, nemumakungwa. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kupwanyika kwemvura, kuumbwa kwemvura, kunaya kwemvura, kupinda mumvura, uye kuyerera kwemvura. Kutenderera kwemvura chinhu chakakosha muzvipenyu nekuti kunokanganisa zvese zvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira mamiriro ekunze, mamiriro ekunze, uye hupenyu hwezvinhu zvipenyu panyika. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha chinokonzerwa nekutenderera kwemvura pazvakatipoteredza ikukukurwa kwevhu. Kukukurwa kwevhu inzira inobviswa ivhu kana dombo kubva pamusoro peNyika nemhepo, mvura, kana chando. Kunyange zvazvo kukukurwa kwevhu kuchigona kuitika zvakasikwa, mabasa evanhu anowanzo kurumidzisa maitiro aya, zvichikonzera kukanganisa kukuru panyika nezvipenyu.
Kutenderera Kwemvura
Penguapan
Kubuda kwemvura kunoitika kana mvura inobva pamusoro penyika, senge makungwa, nzizi, nemadziva, ikashanduka kuita mhute yemvura yokwira mumhepo. Izvi zvinoitwa nesimba rekupisa rinobva kuzuva. Kufemera, kubuda kwemvura kubva mumiti, kunobatsirawo mukuwedzera kwemhute yemvura mumhepo.
Kondensasi
Kuoma kwemvura (condensation) inzira iyo mhute yemvura inoshanduka kuita mvura kana tembiricha yadzikira. Zvidimbu zvemhute yemvura zvinoungana kuita madonhwe emvura anobatana kuita makore. Iyi ndiyo nguva iyo mvura yemudenga inotanga kuumbwazve uye inogadzirira kudonha pamusoro peNyika.
Presipitasi
Kunaya kwemvura inzira iyo mvura, muchimiro chemvura, sinou, chando, kana chimvuramabwe, inodzokera pamusoro peNyika kubva mumhepo. Izvi zvinoitika kana zvidimbu zvemvura mumakore zvinorema zvekusvika pakudonha nekuda kwekukweverwa negiravhiti. Kunaya kwemvura ndiyo nzira huru iyo mvura inodzokera pamusoro peNyika, zvichibatsira mukuzara kwemvura yakaita senzizi, madhamu, uye matsime emvura pasi.
Kupinda muchivande
Kupinda kwemvura kunoitika kana mvura inobva mumvura ichipinda muvhu kuburikidza nemaburi nemaburi. Maitiro aya akakosha pakuchaja mvura yepasi pevhu uye mvura yemumvura, iyo inopa mvura yezvirimwa uye mvura yekunwa yezvinhu zvipenyu.
Kuyerera Kwepamusoro
Mvura inoyerera pamusoro pevhu inoitika kana mvura isingapindi pasi ikayerera pamusoro penyika ichienda kunzvimbo dzine mvura dzakadai senzizi, madhamu, nemakungwa. Mvura iyi inoyerera pamusoro pevhu inoita basa guru mukutakura zvinhu zvakanyungudutswa nedota kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe pamusoro penyika.
Kukukurwa kwevhu uye Hukama Hwako neKutenderera kweMvura
Kukukurwa kwevhu inzira inoda nzira yekufambisa zvinhu kubva panzvimbo imwe kuenda kune imwe. Kutenderera kwemvura kunoita basa guru mukukukurwa kwevhu nekuti mvura, mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, inowanzo shanda senzira ine simba yekufambisa ivhu nematombo.
Kukukurwa kwevhu neMvura
Mvura ndiyo imwe yenzira huru dzinokonzera kukurwa kwevhu. Kana madonhwe emvura akadonha pasi nekumhanya kukuru, anogona kurova zvidimbu zvevhu ozvipwanya. Maitiro aya anozivikanwa se "splash erosion," uko zvidimbu zvevhu zvinokandwa kubva panzvimbo yazvo yekutanga. Uyezve, mvura inonaya pamusoro pevhu inogona kukonzera "sheet erosion," inova kubviswa kwevhu rakatetepa kubva pamusoro mukuru.
Kukukurwa kwevhu neMafashamo uye Kuyerera kwemvura pamusoro
Mafashamo nemvura inoyerera zvakanyanya pamusoro pevhu inogona kufambisa ivhu rakawanda nematombo. Kana mvura yakawanda kana kuti inogara ichinaya ichikonzera mafungu emvura ane simba, anogona kuputsa ivhu riri munzira yemvura, zvichiita kuti pave nemakoronga kana mipata. Maitiro aya anowanzozivikanwa se "makoronga emvura." Makoronga ane simba haangotakuri ivhu chete asiwo matombo nematombo, zvichiita kuti kukurumidze kukura kwevhu.
Kukukurwa kwevhu nechando nechando
Sinou nechando zvinowedzerawo kukura kwevhu kuburikidza nemaitiro anonzi glacial erosion. Mazaya echando paanofamba, anogona kuparadza dombo riri pasi. Zvidimbu zvevhu nematombo zvinotakurwa nechando zvinogona kusiyiwa kune imwe nzvimbo kana chando chanyunguduka. Kunyunguduka uku kunowedzerawo huwandu hwemvura inogona kukonzera mvura pamusoro pevhu uye kuwedzera kukura kwevhu.
Kukukurwa Kwevhu Nemhepo
Kunyangwe kazhinji kacho kuchikonzerwa nekusanaya kwemvura, mhepo inogonawo kukonzera kukurwa kwevhu nekufamba kwevhu nejecha. Zvisinei, kutenderera kwemvura kunogona kukanganisa kukurwa kwevhu nemhepo kuburikidza nekusungana uye kusimba kwevhu rakanyorova.
Mhedzisiro yeMabasa Evanhu paKukukurwa Kwevhu
Mabasa evanhu anogona kukurumidzisa maitiro echisikigo ekukukurwa kwevhu nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Kutemwa kwemasango, kukura kwemaguta, kurima, uye mabasa emaindasitiri inongova mienzaniso mishoma yezviito zvevanhu zvinogona kuchinja kuyerera kwemvura uye kuwedzera kukurwa kwevhu.
Kutemwa kwemiti
Kana masango akacherwa kuti ashandiswe nedzimwe nzvimbo, midzi yemiti inobatsira kuchengetedza ivhu inorasikawo. Kana pasina midzi yekuumba chimiro chakabatana, ivhu rinowanzo kukurwa nevhu. Mvura inonaya inonaya panyika yakatemwa miti inowanzo yerera ichibva pamusoro, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekukurwa kwevhu.
Kugara mumaguta
Kuchenesa ivhu kuti pave nezvivakwa, zvakaita semigwagwa, zvivakwa, nezvimwe zvivakwa, zvinowanzosanganisira kubvisa zvinomera nekuchera ivhu. Nzvimbo dzekongiri nedzetara dzinoderedzawo kupinda kwemvura muvhu, zvichiita kuti mvura ipinde pamusoro paro. Pasina zvinomera uye kuungana kwevhu kwakakodzera, kuyerera kwemvura nekukurumidza kunogona kukonzera kukurwa kukuru kwevhu risina kudzivirirwa.
Pertanian
Maitiro akadai sekurima nekurima mbeu imwe chete anogona kuchinja mamiriro evhu, zvichiita kuti rikure zvakanyanya. Uyezve, kushandisa mishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene nemishonga yekuuraya zvipembenene kunogona kuuraya zvipembenene zvevhu zvinobatsira kuchengetedza mamiriro evhu akanaka. Maitiro ekurima asina kugadzikana anogona kuwedzera kukura kwevhu.
Mabasa eMaindasitiri
Mabasa akadai sekuchera migodhi nekuvaka anowanzo shandurawo pamusoro pevhu uye kubvisa zvinomera. Kuchera nekurasa marara zvinowanzosiya ivhu riri panjodzi yekukukurwa kwevhu.
Mhedzisiro yeKukukurwa kweMatombo
Kukukurwa kwevhu kunokanganisa nharaunda nevanhu zvakanyanya. Zvimwe zvacho zvinosanganisira:
1. Kuora kwevhu: Kurasikirwa nevhu repamusoro rine zvinovaka muviri kunogona kuderedza kukora kwevhu uye kukanganisa kugadzirwa kwezvirimwa.
2. Kucherwa kwevhu: Zvidimbu zvevhu zvakakuvara zvinogona kuunganidzwa munzizi, madhamu, uye mumadziva, zvichideredza kugona kwazvo uye zvichikanganisa nzvimbo dzekugara mumvura.
3. Mafashamo: Kukukurwa kwevhu kunogona kukanganisa chimiro chevhu chinochengeta mvura, zvichiwedzera njodzi yekufashamo kwemvura.
4. Kurasikirwa neMhuka dzesango: Kurasikirwa nemiti nenzvimbo dzekugara kunogona kukanganisa huwandu hwemhuka dzesango dzinovimba nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
5. Hutano Hwevanhu: Madhaka akasvibiswa anogona kusvibisa mvura, zvichikanganisa kunaka kwemvura yekunwa uye hutano hweveruzhinji.
Mhedziso
Mukutenderera kwemvura, zvinhu zvese zvinoshanda pamwe chete kuti zvifambise mvura muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, chimwe nechimwe chichiita basa guru mukutsigira hupenyu panyika. Zvisinei, simba rezvikamu zvekutenderera kwemvura pakukura kwevhu harifanirwe kurerutswa. Kutarisira kwakanaka uye tsika dzinogara kwenguva refu ndizvo zvakakosha mukuderedza migumisiro yakaipa yekudonha kwevhu uye kuchengetedza kuenzana kwezvakatipoteredza. Kuburikidza nekunzwisisa uye kutora matanho akakodzera, tinogona kuderedza kukuvara kunokonzerwa nekudonha kwevhu uye kuona kuti nharaunda inogara kwenguva refu kune zvizvarwa zvinotevera.
