Nzira yeGravimetric muKuongorora Geological
Nzira yegravimetric inzira ye geophysical inoshandisa kusiyana kwekumhanya kwesimba repasi kuti itsanangure mamiriro epasi pevhu. Mukutsvaga geology—ingava yekuchera zvicherwa, mafuta negasi, geothermal, kana zvidzidzo zvemaumbirwo enzvimbo—gravimetry inoita basa rakakosha nekuti inogona kupa mufananidzo wekusiyana kwehuwandu hwematombo pasina chikonzero chekuchera kana kuchera kare. Nzira iyi inoshanda zvishoma, inogona kufukidza nzvimbo dzakakura, uye inogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
Nheyo huru dzegravimetry
Pfungwa huru yegravimetry ndeyekuti kukosha kwegiravhiti panzvimbo yakatarwa hakusi nguva dzose kwakafanana. Kukurumidza kwegiravhiti kunokonzerwa nezvinhu zvakati wandei, zvakaita sechimiro chisina kukwana chePasi (geoid), kukwirira, nzvimbo yakapoteredza, uye musiyano muhuwandu hwematombo pasi pevhu. Matombo akasimba (semuenzaniso, matombo marefu kana marefu) anowanzo buritsa kusagadzikana kwegiravhiti, nepo matombo asina kusimba (semuenzaniso, madhaka ane porous, kushanduka kwehydrothermal, kana cavities/karst) anogona kubudisa kusagadzikana kusina kunaka.
Kuyerwa kwegravimetric kunoitwa uchishandisa mudziyo unonzi gravimeter. Kune mapoka maviri akajairika: relative gravimeters (inowanzoonekwa muongororo dzemunda) uye absolute gravimeters (kazhinji pakuenzanisa kana kutarisisa kwakanyatsojeka). Relative gravimeters inoyera shanduko yegiravhiti kubva pane imwe nzvimbo kuenda kune imwe, saka inoda kusungirirwa pachigadziko chepasi kuti idzore kutenderera kwemudziyo uye kuchinja kwenguva.
Data rakayerwa uye kugadziriswa kwakakosha
Hunhu hwegiravhiti hunoyerwa mumunda haugone kutsanangurwa zvakananga sehunhu hwepasi pevhu nekuti hunosanganiswa nehunhu husiri hwepasi. Nokudaro, data regiravhiti rinofanira kugadziriswa kakawanda kuti ribudise kusagadzikana kwegiravhiti kunomiririra kusiyana kwehuwandu hwematombo.
Zvimwe zvinhu zvakakosha pakugadzirisa data re gravimetric zvinosanganisira:
1. Kugadzirisa kudhonzwa kwezviridzwa
Magravimeter emhando yepamusoro anogona kuona shanduko mukuverenga nekufamba kwenguva (drift). Kuti izvi zvisaitike, kuyerwa kunotorwa kakawanda panzvimbo yekutanga, uye shanduko mukuverenga dzinozoshandiswa kugadzirisa data rese.
2. Kugadziriswa kweTidal
Kukweva kweMwedzi neZuva kunokonzera shanduko diki asi dzinoyerwa mugiravhiti. Kugadziriswa kweTidal kunoderedza mhedzisiro iyi, zvichikonzera data rakachena.
3. Kugadzirisa Latitude
Simba regiravhiti rinosiyana zvichienderana ne latitude nekuti Nyika yakati sandara pa poles uye inotenderera. Kukosha kwegiravhiti pa latitude yakatarwa kunoverengwa uye kunozoshandiswa kugadzirisa.
4. Kugadzirisa kukwirira: Kugadzirisa mhepo isina mhepo
Nzvimbo dzekuyera dzakareba kupfuura nzvimbo inotarisirwa (semuenzaniso, geoid) dzine simba rakaderera rekukweva nekuti dziri kure nepakati pehukuru hwePasi. Kugadziriswa kwemhepo yakasununguka kunofunga nezvemhedzisiro yekukwirira.
5. Kugadziriswa kweBouguer
Pamusoro pekureba, huremu hwedombo riri pakati penzvimbo yekuyera nedatum hunokanganisawo simba regiravhiti. Kugadziriswa kweBouguer kunotora ndiro yakafanana ine huremu hwakati kuti kuderedze simba rehuremu uhwu. Kusarudza huremu hwakakodzera hweBouguer kwakakosha kudzivirira kusaruramisa.
6. Kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo
Kugadzirisa nzvimbo dzakatenderedza (makomo, mipata) kunogona kuwedzera kana kuderedza simba regiravhiti remunharaunda. Kugadzirisa nzvimbo kunotarisa zvinhu zvinoderedza mafambiro enzvimbo kupfuura kugadzirisa kuri nyore kweBouguer.
Mhedzisiro yekupedzisira inowanzo shandiswa mukududzira iComplete Bouguer Anomaly, nekuti inosanganisira kugadziriswa kukuru kunosanganisira mafambiro enzvimbo.
Hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zvisina kujairika zvinokwevera pasi uye kuwanda kwematombo
Dudziro yegravimetric inonyanya kuenderana nemapatani asina kujairika kune zvingangoita kuti zviumbwe pasi pevhu uye lithologies. Kazhinji:
– Kusarongeka kwakanaka: chiratidzo chekuvapo kwematombo ane density yakakura, akadai sekupinda mumatombo madiki, massive sulfide deposits, mamwe matombo akachinja, kana shallow crystalline basement.
– Zvisina kunaka: zviratidzo zvematombo asina kusimba zvakanyanya, zvakaita semasedimentary basin akakora, nzvimbo dzekuchinja, matombo ane makomo akasviba, madome emunyu mune mamwe masedimentary systems, kana maburi ari pasi pevhu.
Zvisinei, zvakakosha kuziva kuti gravimetry haisi yakasiyana: patani imwe chete isina kujairika inogona kutsanangurwa nemamodheru akasiyana-siyana e geology. Nokudaro, gravimetry inowanzo sanganiswa nedzimwe data dzakadai se surface geology, magnetics, seismicity, geochemistry, uye ruzivo rwekubhoboza.
Dhizaini yekuongorora Gravimetric
Ongororo dzeGravimetric dzinogona kugadzirwa pazviyero zvakasiyana zvichienderana nechinangwa:
– Chiyero chenzvimbo: daro riri pakati penzvimbo rinogona kuva mazana emamita kusvika makiromita akati wandei kuti pave nematanho egungwa, miganhu yemaplate, nzvimbo huru dzemafault, kana kudzika kwepasi pevhu.
– Chikero chekutarisa: nzvimbo iri pedyo pakati penzvimbo (semuenzaniso 50–200 m) kuti pave neruzivo rwekupindira, zvivakwa zvedome, kana zvinangwa zvekuisa zvicherwa.
– Microgravimetry: nzvimbo iri pedyo zvikuru yekuona zvinhu zvidiki zvakaita semakomba ekarst, matunnel, kana ma voids. Nzira iyi inoda kugadziriswa kwakanyanya uye kudzora kukwirira kwakanyatsojeka.
Kudzora chinzvimbo nekukwira kwenzvimbo kwakakosha, sezvo zvikanganiso zvekukwira kwenzvimbo kunyangwe masendimita mashoma zvinogona kukonzera zvikanganiso zvikuru, kunyanya muongororo dzakadzama. Kuyerwa kweGeodetic GPS/RTK ikozvino kwava kushandiswa kakawanda kuvandudza kururama.
Mashandisirwo egravimetry mukuongorora geology
1. Kutsvaga zvicherwa
Gravimetry inoshanda pakuona matombo ane huwandu hwakawanda hwesimbi, senge simbi yakachengetwa, massive sulfides, kana ultramafic intrusions ine chekuita ne nickel. Zvikanganiso zvakasimba zvinogona kupa chiratidzo chekutanga, icho chinogona kuzogadziriswa nekuongorora kwemagineti kana nzira dzemagetsi kuona conductivity uye hunhu hwemaumbirwo.
2. Oiri negesi
Mukutsvaga mahydrocarbon, gravimetry inoshandiswa kuratidza mabheseni e sedimentary, nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzepasi, uye zvivakwa zvakakura zvakaita se anticlines kana zvikanganiso zvinokanganisa misungo. Gravimetry inogonawo kubatsira kuona madome emunyu nekuti huwandu hwemunyu hwakaderera pane hwe sediment yakapoteredza, zvichigadzira chimiro chisina kunaka.
3. Kupisa kwepasi pevhu
Masisitimu egeothermal anowanzo batanidzwa nezvivakwa zvisina kunaka, kupinda, uye nzvimbo dzekuchinja kwemvura inopisa zvinoshandura kuwanda kwematombo. Gravimetry inogona kubatsira kutsanangura miganhu yematombo, nzvimbo dzekuchinja, uye nzira dzemaumbirwo dzinodzora kuyerera kwemvura inopisa.
4. Kugadzira mamepu ezvimiro zve geological uye tectonic
Pachikero chedunhu, data regiravhiti rinobatsira pakududzira ukobvu hweganda, miganhu ye tectonic block, uye geometry yemabasin e magmatic ne arcs. Muzvidzidzo izvi, gravimetry inowanzo sanganiswa ne data regiravhiti re satellite uye ma isostasy models.
5. Zvidzidzo zveGeohazard nezvakatipoteredza
Microgravimetry inogona kushandiswa kuona makomba ari pasi pevhu, makomba ekunyura, kana nzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze akanyanya anogona kukonzera kudzikira kwemvura. Munzvimbo dzekarst, nzira iyi inobatsira kuona makomba asina kucherwa zvakanyanya.
Nzira dzekududzira: kubva pamhando yepamusoro kusvika pakutevedzera
Dudziro yedata regravimetric inogona kutanga nekutarisa mamepu econtour asina kujairika: mapatani marefu anogona kuratidza zvikanganiso kana miganhu ye lithologic, nepo makomo asina kujairika kana kudzika kunogona kuratidza miviri ine musiyano wakakura we density.
Kuti zviongororwe zvakadzama, nzira dzehuwandu dzinoshandiswa dzakadai se:
– Kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana nedzasara kuti kuonekwe simba rezvivakwa zvakadzika (zvenzvimbo) nezvinangwa zvisina kudzika (zvasara).
- Kuongorora zvinobuda uye mafirita (semuenzaniso kuenderera mberi kumusoro/kudzika, kupasa kwepamusoro/pasi pasi) kuratidza zvimwe zvinhu.
- Kugadzira modhi ye2D/3D inoedza kuvaka geometry yepasi pevhu zvichibva pamhinduro yegiravhiti. Kugadzira modhi kunogara kuchida fungidziro pamusoro pehuwandu hwevanhu uye miganhu yejiyoroji, saka kutsigira data kunobatsira zvikuru mukuderedza kusanzwisisika.
Zvakanakira uye zvisingakwanisike zvegravimetry
Zvakanakira nzira yegravimetric zvinosanganisira kushanda kwayo zvakanaka, kugona kwayo kufukidza nzvimbo dzakakura, kusavapo kwesimba rekugadzira (risina simba), uye kushandiswa kwayo mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana enzvimbo. Uyezve, gravimetry inonyatsonzwisisa zvivakwa zvisingaonekwe nguva dzose nedzimwe nzira, kunyanya kana density contrast yakakwira.
Zvipingamupinyi zvayo zvinosanganisira kududzira kusiri kwakasiyana, kunzwisisa zvikanganiso zvekukwirira uye kugadzirisa mamiriro enzvimbo, uye kupindura kusina kusimba kune zvinangwa zvidiki kana zvakadzika pasina rutsigiro rwedzimwe nzira. Munzvimbo dzine mamiriro enzvimbo akanyanya, kugadzirisa nzvimbo kunova kwakaoma uye kunogona kuva chikonzero chekusava nechokwadi kana modhi yekukwira isina kukwana.
Penutup
Nzira dzegravimetric inzira dzakakosha mukutsvaga geology nekuti dzinogona kuratidza kusiyana kwehuwandu hwematombo ari pasi pevhu kuburikidza nekuyera simba regiravhiti. Nekugadziriswa kwedata kwakakodzera uye dhizaini yakakodzera yekuongorora, gravimetry inogona kushandiswa kuyera mabheseni e sedimentary, magadzirirwo e tectonic, kupinda, uye kunyange zvinangwa zve mineralization. Kunyange zvazvo zvichigumira pakusanzwisisika kwetsananguro, kusanganisa gravimetry nedzimwe data re geology ne geophysical kunoita kuti ive nzira ine simba uye inoshanda yekunzwisisa pasi pevhu uye kuderedza njodzi dzekutsvaga.
