Kurongwa kweDombo Zvichienderana neMagadzirirwo
Mukuongorora geology, matombo chimwe chezvinhu zvinokosha zvinoumba goko rePasi. Matombo anoumbwa kubva muunganidzwa wezvicherwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoitwa nenzira dzakasiyana dzezve geology. Kune nzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzekuisa matombo mumapoka, imwe yacho iri kuburikidza nekugadzirwa. Kuumbwa kwematombo kunoreva saizi, chimiro, uye kurongeka kwezvicherwa zviri mukati mawo. Kurongwa uku kwakakosha nekuti kunobatsira vanoongorora geology kuziva nekunzwisisa nhoroondo uye maitiro ekuumbwa kwematombo. Muchinyorwa chino, tichaongorora kurongwa kwematombo zvakadzama zvichibva pakugadzirwa kwawo.
Mhando dzeMagadzirirwo eDombo
1. Magadzirirwo ePhaneritic
Magadzirirwo ePhaneritic imhando yemagadzirirwo ayo makristaro emineral ari mudombo akakura zvakakwana kuti aonekwe nemaziso asina kupfeka. Matombo aya anowanzo tonhora zvishoma nezvishoma pasi penyika, zvichibvumira makristaro nguva yakakwana yekubuda. Mienzaniso yematombo ane magadzirirwo ephaneritic igranite nediorite. Granite, semuenzaniso, idombo rine igneous rine tsanga hombe, dzinoonekwa zvakajeka, zvichiratidza nguva yakareba yekuumbwa kwekristaro.
2. Magadzirirwo eAphanitic
Magadzirirwo aya anoratidzwa nemaminerari akatsetseka zvekuti makristaro mazhinji haaonekwe nemaziso. Matombo ane magadzirirwo akafanana anowanzo umbwa kubva mulava inotonhora nekukurumidza pamusoro peNyika kana pedyo nayo. Nekuda kwekutonhora nekukurumidza, makristaro haana nguva yakakwana yekukura kusvika pakukura kukuru. Mienzaniso yematombo ane magadzirirwo aya ibasalt nerhyolite, ayo anowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzinoputika.
3. Magadzirirwo Egirazi
Magadzirirwo akaita segirazi anoumbwa kana lava yatonhora nekukurumidza zvekuti zvicherwa hazvina nguva yekuumba makristaro. Mugumisiro wacho unova magadzirirwo akapfava, asina kusimba, akafanana negirazi. Muenzaniso unonyanya kuzivikanwa wedombo rine magadzirirwo akaita segirazi iobsidian, ine chitarisiko chinopenya uye magadzirirwo asina kurongeka, akatyoka.
4. Magadzirirwo eVesicular
Magadzirirwo ematombo anoonekwa nekuvapo kwemakomba akawanda, kana kuti maburi, mukati medombo. Maburi aya anoumbwa nekuda kwemagasi akabatwa mukati melava painotonhora uye ichioma. Pumice nescoria mienzaniso yematombo ane maburi anofanana nematombo. Pumice inowanzo shandiswa muindasitiri yezvishongedzo pakubvisa ganda nekuda kwekuoma kwayo, nepo scoria ichi shandiswa kakawanda mukuvaka migwagwa uye sechinosefa mvura.
5. Magadzirirwo ePorphyritic
Magadzirirwo ePorphyritic musanganiswa wemagadzirirwo ephaneritic neaphanitic. Izvi zvinoitika kana dombo rikapinda muzvikamu zviviri zvakasiyana zvekutonhodza. Padanho rekutanga, makristaro makuru (phenocrysts) anoumbwa mukupisa magma zvishoma nezvishoma pakadzika. Zvadaro, magma inofamba ichienda pamusoro uye inotonhora nekukurumidza, ichigadzira magadzirirwo eaphanitic akakomberedza makristaro aya makuru. Porphyritic andesite negranite mienzaniso yematombo anoratidza magadzirirwo eporphyritic.
Kupesvedzera Kwezvakatipoteredza Pamagadzirirwo
Rudzi rwemhando yega yega rwemagadzirirwo runoratidza nharaunda nemamiriro ekutonhorera kwe magma kana lava. Semuenzaniso, magadzirirwo e phaneritic anoratidza kutonhora zvishoma nezvishoma pasi penyika, nepo magadzirirwo e aphanitic achiratidza kutonhora nekukurumidza pamusoro kana pedyo nepamusoro. Magadzirirwo egirazi uye vesicular anowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo dzinoputika, uko lava inogona kutonhora nekukurumidza kana furo nekuda kwemagasi akabatwa.
Mashandisirwo muKutsvagurudza Kwezvepasi
Kuziva magadzirirwo ematombo hakungokoshi chete pakupatsanura asi kunobatsirawo mukutsvagisa kwakakura kwezve geology. Magadzirirwo ematombo anogona kupa zviratidzo nezvenhoroondo yezve geology yenzvimbo yakati, zvakaita sekuti nzvimbo iyi yakambosangana nekuputika kwemakomo here kana kuti matombo acho akaumbwa kare kare. Nekunzwisisa magadzirirwo edombo, nyanzvi dzezve geology dzinogona kufungidzira kusiyana kwekupisa nekumanikidzwa panguva iyo dombo rakaumbwa.
Migumisiro Yezvehupfumi Nemaindasitiri
Magadzirirwo ematombo ane zvazvinorevawo muindasitiri nehupfumi. Semuenzaniso, matombo ane magadzirirwo akafanana neaya anogona kunge aine zvicherwa zvinokosha, zvakaita sesimbi dzinokosha dziri mugranite. Kune rumwe rutivi, matombo ane magadzirirwo akafanana neaya, akadai sescoria, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka nekurima. Obsidian, ine magadzirirwo akafanana negirazi, yaiwanzoshandiswa sezvinhu zvekugadzira maturusi nezvombo munguva dzekare.
Penutup
Kuisa matombo mumapoka zvichienderana nemaitiro awo kunopa ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pemaitiro ezve geology akaitika kwemamiriyoni emakore. Nekuziva nekunzwisisa marudzi akasiyana ematombo, hatingogone kuziva matombo zviri nani chete asiwo kuwana kunzwisisa kwakakura kwenhoroondo yezve geology yePasi. Kugona kuziva nekunzwisisa maitiro ematombo kunobatsirawo vanoongorora zve geology ne geoscientists mukutsvaga, kutsvaga zviwanikwa zvechisikigo, uye mamwe mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana emaindasitiri.
Saka, hazvirambiki kuti kuisa matombo mumapoka zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwawo, kunyange zvazvo zvichiita sezvisina basa, kunoita basa guru musainzi yepasi. Ruzivo urwu runotibatsira kunzwisisa zviri nani nyika yatinogara uye kuongorora nekushandisa zviwanikwa zvechisikigo nekuchenjera uye nenzira inochengetedza nharaunda.
