Chii chinonzi Metamorphism uye Mienzaniso
Kuchinja chimiro chenyika (metamorphism) inzira ye geology inochinja mineralology, magadzirirwo, uye maumbirwo ematombo nekuda kwekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze, akadai sekupisa, kumanikidzwa, uye mashandiro emakemikari. Maitiro aya anoitika mukati mepasi pevhu, uko matombo aripo anoonekwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana zvikuru neaya aakaumbwa pasi pawo. Chinyorwa chino chichatsanangura kuchinja chimiro chenyika zvakadzama uye chichapa mimwe mienzaniso chaiyo yematombo akajairika ekuchinja chimiro chenyika.
Tsanangudzo yeMetamorphism
Izwi rekuti "metamorphism" rinobva pamashoko echiGiriki ekuti "meta," zvichireva kuti "shanduko," uye "morph," zvichireva kuti "chimiro." Chaizvoizvo, metamorphism zvinoreva shanduko muchimiro. Maitiro aya anosanganisira shanduko mukugadzirwa kwezvicherwa uye magadzirirwo ematombo aripo asina kunyunguduka. Matombo akamboshanduka anowanzonzi matombo akashanduka.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Ezvinhu
Zvimwe zvezvinhu zvikuru zvinopesvedzera maitiro ekuchinja mafambiro emuviri zvinosanganisira:
1. Kupisa: Kupisa kwakanyanya kunogona kukurumidzisa makemikari mumatombo, zvichibvumira maatomu ari mumatombo kuti afambe uye agadzire zvicherwa zvitsva zvinogadzikana zvakanyanya mumamiriro ekupisa aya.
2. Kumanikidzwa: Kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nemaitiro e tectonic akadai sekudhonza kana kupeta kunogona kushandura chimiro chemineral mumatombo, zvichiita kuti ave akaomarara uye agare kwenguva refu pasi pemamiriro matsva.
3. Mvura: Kuvapo kwemvura ine ma ion akawanda kunobatsira mukugadzira zvicherwa zvitsva nekutakura ma ion anodiwa kuti zvinhu zviite shanduko.
4. Nguva: Maitiro ekuchinja chimiro anotora nguva yakareba, kazhinji mamiriyoni emakore, kuti asvike pachimiro chitsva chakagadzikana.
Mhando dzeMetamorphism
Kuchinja-chinja kwechimiro kunogona kuiswa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana nezvinhu zvinotungamira maitiro acho. Aya ndiwo marudzi akajairika ekuchinja-chinja chimiro:
1. Kuchinja kwekubatana
Kuchinja kwekubatana kunoitika kana matombo akasangana nekupisa kwakanyanya kunokonzerwa nekupindira kwemagma mudombo remugadziri. Maitiro aya anowanzo gara munzvimbo dziri pedyo nekupisa uye haawanzo sanganisira nzvimbo dzakakura. Muenzaniso wakajairika wekuchinja kwekubatana ndiko kuumbwa kwehornfels, dombo rakaoma kwazvo rinoshanduka nekupisa nemagma.
2. Kuchinja-chinja kweDunhu
Kuchinja kwenzvimbo kunoitika pamwero mukuru uye kunowanzo batanidzwa nemaitiro e tectonic akadai se subduction uye plate collision. Maitiro aya anosanganisira tembiricha yakakwira uye kumanikidzwa uye anokanganisa nzvimbo dzakakura. Chimwe chemhedzisiro yekuchinja kwenzvimbo kuumbwa kwe schist negneiss, marudzi maviri ematombo akachinja anowanzo kuwanikwa munzvimbo huru dzemakomo.
3. Kuchinja-chinja kwesimba (Kushanduka)
Kuchinja kwesimba kunowanzoitika nekuda kwekumanikidzwa kunokonzerwa nemasimba e tectonic. Maitiro aya anowanzo kukonzera shanduko huru dzemaumbirwo, senge kuumbwa kwemashizha, uko zvicherwa mukati medombo zvakarongwa muzvikamu zvakafanana. Muenzaniso wekuchinja kwesimba kunoitika i mylonite, iyo inoumbwa nekuda kwekushanduka kwakanyanya.
4. Kuchinja kweMamiriro ekunze kwemvura
Kuchinja kwemvura kunosanganisira makemikari anokonzerwa nemvura inopisa inonyura mumatombo. Izvi zvinowanzoitika padyo nemhepo inopisa iri pasi pegungwa kana pedyo nenzvimbo dziri pedyo nekudzikisa matombo. Rudzi urwu rwekuchinja kwemvura runogona kugadzira zvicherwa zvinokosha, zvakaita semaore esulfate akaomarara.
Mienzaniso yeMetamorphic Rocks
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzematombo anochinja chimiro akaumbwa kuburikidza nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana dzinochinja chimiro. Heano mimwe mienzaniso yematombo anochinja chimiro pamwe chete nekuti akaumbwa sei:
1. Slate
Slate idombo rakasiyana-siyana rinotorwa kubva mumatombo e sedimentary akadai se shale. Maitiro aya ekuchinja anowanzoda kumanikidzwa kwakaderera kusvika pakati nepakati uye tembiricha yakaderera. Slate inozivikanwa nekugona kwayo kupatsanurwa kuita machira matete, zvichiita kuti ishandiswe pakuvaka denga uye kugadzira mataira.
2. Schist
Schist imhando yedombo rakasiyana-siyana rinobva mumatombo akaomarara akadai sematombo eshale kana matombo emudstone. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kumanikidzwa kwakanyanya uye tembiricha kupfuura zvinodiwa kuti pave nematombo eslate, zvichikonzera maruva akasiyana uye magadzirirwo akaomarara.
3. Gneiss
Gneiss idombo rakasiyana-siyana rakaumbwa kubva pamatombo eigneous kana sedimentary pakutanga aive nechimiro chakasiyana-siyana. Kuchinja-chinja kwenzvimbo kwakasimba kunoburitsa zvidimbu zvakasiyana zvemineral, zvine zvidimbu zvakasiyana-siyana zverima nechiedza.
4. Matombo
Matombo edombo akachinja-chinja anobva mumatombo ecarbonate akadai se limestone. Maitiro ekuchinja-chinja, pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya uye kumanikidzwa, anoshandura calcite iri mu limestone kuita chimiro chekristaro chakakura, chakaoma, zvichikonzera dombo rakaoma rinonzi marble. Matombo anowanzo shandiswa muunyanzvi nekuvaka nekuda kwekunaka kwawo.
5. Quartzite
Quartzite ishanduko yedombo rine jecha rakaumbwa nequartz. Maitiro aya anosanganisira kuwedzera kwekumanikidzwa uye tembiricha, izvo zvinoita kuti quartz binder ive yakakora uye ine granular.
6. Hornfels
Hornfels inoumbwa kuburikidza nekubatana kwematombo kana matombo aripo akasangana nekupisa kwe magmatism. Maumbirwo awo anowanzova akaomarara uye akasimba, uye anowanzo shandiswa mumaindasitiri anoda zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa.
Kukosha Kwekudzidza Metamorphism
Kunzwisisa metamorphism uye mhando dzematombo akachinja-chinja kunoita kuti pave neruzivo rwakakosha munhoroondo ye geology yePasi uye kukura kweganda rePasi. Kudzidza nezvematombo akachinja-chinja kwakakoshawo kuindasitiri yemigodhi, sezvo zvicherwa zvakakosha zvakawanda zvichiwanikwa mumatombo akachinja-chinja, anosanganisira goridhe, sirivha, uye simbi dzakasiyana-siyana dzepasi dzisingawanzoonekwi.
Mhedziso
Kuchinja chimiro chenyika (metamorphism) inzira inokosha ye geology inoita basa guru mukuumbwa kweganda renyika. Nekuchinja hunhu hwemineralological, magadzirirwo, uye maumbirwo ematombo aripo, nzira iyi inogadzira mhando dzakasiyana dzematombo emetamorphic anowanikwa pasi rese. Kubva paslate kusvika pamarble, mhando dzakasiyana dzematombo emetamorphic dzinotaura nyaya refu yekuchinja kwemamiriro e geology pasi penyika. Kudzidza nezvemetamorphism hakungotibatsiri chete kunzwisisa nhoroondo yeNyika asiwo kune mashandisirwo anoshanda mumaindasitiri emigodhi nekuvaka.
