Zviwanikwa zvechisikigo uye manejimendi azvo muIndonesia
Indonesia, nyika yezvitsuwa iri kuSoutheast Asia, ine zviwanikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinoita basa guru muhupfumi hwayo nenhaka yetsika. Nezvitsuwa zvinopfuura 17,000, Indonesia ine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu, masango makuru, zvipenyu zvakawanda zvemugungwa, uye zvicherwa zvakawanda. Zvisinei, kutarisirwa kwenguva refu kwezviwanikwa izvi kwakakosha kuti pave nechokwadi chekuti zvakatipoteredza zviri kugadzikana kwenguva refu uye kubudirira kwehupfumi. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa zviwanikwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvinowanikwa muIndonesia, kukosha kwazvo muhupfumi, uye nzira dzinoshandiswa pakutarisira zvinobudirira.
Forest Resources
Sango reIndonesia nderimwe remasango makuru pasi rose, rine mahekita angangoita mamiriyoni zana nemakumi maviri. Masango aya anogara miti nemhuka dzakasiyana-siyana, dzimwe dzacho dziri munzvimbo dziri munjodzi huru. Mhando huru dzemasango dzinosanganisira masango emvura anonaya mvura yakawanda, masango emiti yemango, nemasango epeat swamp. Masango aya anopa mabasa akakosha ekuchengetedza nharaunda, akadai sekuchekwa kwekabhoni, kudzorwa kwemvura, uye kuchengetedzwa kwevhu, pamusoro pekuve nzvimbo yemiti, zvigadzirwa zvisiri zvematanda, uye mishonga yechivanhu.
Kukosha Kwehupfumi: Bazi rezvemasango rinobatsira zvikuru muGDP yeIndonesia nemabasa, kunyanya munzvimbo dzekumaruwa uko nharaunda dzinovimba nemasango kuti dzirarame. Nyika iyi ndeimwe yemakambani anotungamira mukutengesa matanda, plywood, uye zvigadzirwa zvemapepa kunze kwenyika.
Matambudziko Ekutarisira: Kutemwa kwemiti nekuparadzwa kwemasango ndizvo zvinhu zvikuru zvinonetsa. Kutema miti zvisiri pamutemo, kushandurwa kwevhu kuti kurimwe (kunyanya minda yemafuta emuchindwe), uye kuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa zvakaita kuti masango arasikirwe zvakanyanya.
Maitiro Ekutarisira: Hurumende yeIndonesia yatora matanho akati wandei, anosanganisira:
– Kumbomira Kuchera Masango: Kumbomira marezenisi matsva ekuchenesa masango makuru nenzvimbo dzine peat kwave kuripo kubvira muna 2011, kwakanangana nekuderedza mwero wekutemwa kwemasango.
– Maitiro Ekutarisira Masango Anogara Muchigara (SFM): Kukurudzira kugamuchirwa kwemaitiro eSFM kuburikidza nezvirongwa zvekupa zvitupa zvakaita seForest Stewardship Council (FSC) uye Indonesian Sustainable Palm Oil (ISPO).
– Kutarisira Sango Munharaunda (CBFM): Kupa simba nharaunda dzemunharaunda kuti dzitarisire masango nenzira inochengetedza nharaunda, vachiziva kodzero dzavo dzechinyakare, uye vachipa mari yekukurudzira kuchengetedza masango.
Marine Resources
Mahombekombe makuru eIndonesia nenzvimbo yegungwa, chikamu cheCoral Triangle, ndezvimwe zvezvipenyu zvinobereka zvakawanda uye zvakasiyana-siyana pasi rose. Matombo egungwa, miti yemango, uye nzvimbo dzegungwa dzinotsigira zvipenyu zvakawanda zvemugungwa, kusanganisira hove dzakasiyana-siyana, shiri dzegungwa dzine maganda, uye mhuka dzinoyamwisa dzemugungwa.
Kukosha Kwehupfumi: Chikamu chegungwa, kunyanya hove nekurima gungwa, chinhu chakakosha muhupfumi hweIndonesia. Chinopa hutano, mabasa, uye mari kumamiriyoni evanhu vekuIndonesia uye inzvimbo huru yekuchinjana mari yekunze kuburikidza nekutengeswa kwehove, shrimp, nezvimwe zvigadzirwa zvegungwa kunze kwenyika.
Matambudziko Ekutarisira: Kubata hove zvakanyanya, maitiro ekubata hove anoparadza, kusvibiswa kwemahombekombe, uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze zvinotyisidzira zvakanyanya nharaunda dzegungwa nezviwanikwa.
Maitiro Ekutarisira: Kuti vagadzirise matambudziko aya, hurumende yeIndonesia yakatora matanho akadai se:
– Nzvimbo Dzakachengetedzwa Mugungwa (MPAs): Kugadzira maMPA ekuchengetedza nzvimbo dzakakosha, kuchengetedza zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye kuona kuti hove dzinochengetwa zvakanaka.
– Kurwisa Kubata Hove Zvisiri Pamutemo, Zvisina Kutaurwa, Uye Zvisina Kudzorwa (IUU): Kuvandudza matanho ekutarisa nekusimbisa mitemo yekuderedza mabasa ekubata hove eIUU.
– Kutarisira Zviwanikwa Zvakavakirwa Panharaunda: Kubatanidza nharaunda dzemunharaunda mukuchengetedza gungwa nekutarisira zviwanikwa kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti zvinoshandiswa kwenguva refu uye kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzekubata hove dzechinyakare.
Mineral Zviwanikwa
Indonesia ine zvicherwa zvakawanda, zvinosanganisira marasha, mafuta, gasi rechisikigo, goridhe, mhangura, nickel, uye tin. Zviwanikwa izvi zvakakosha pakushandisa simba remuno, kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, uye mari inowanikwa kunze kwenyika.
Kukosha Kwehupfumi: Bazi rezvemigodhi nemagetsi rinobatsira zvikuru muGDP yeIndonesia, mari inowanikwa nehurumende, uye mari inowanikwa kunze kwenyika. Nyika iyi inotungamira mukugadzira nekutengesa marasha kunze kwenyika, ine gasi rechisikigo rakakura uye kugadzirwa kwemafuta kwakawanda.
Matambudziko Ekutarisira: Kuparadzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, gakava reminda, nematambudziko emitemo inyaya huru muchikamu chezvicherwa. Pamusoro pezvo, kuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yezvinhu zvepasi rose kunokanganisa kugadzikana kwechikamu ichi.
Maitiro Ekutarisira: Kutarisira zviwanikwa zvezvicherwa zvinobudirira kunosanganisira:
- Hurongwa hweMitemo: Kusimbisa hurongwa hwemitemo kuti pave nechokwadi chekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, kodzero dzenharaunda, uye migodhi inogara kwenguva refu.
– Kuwedzera Kukosha: Kukurudzira kuwedzerwa kwemutengo kuburikidza nekugadzirisa zvicherwa kuti zviwedzere mabhenefiti ehupfumi uye kugadzira mikana yemabasa.
– Kugadzirisa Zvakatipoteredza: Kurayira makambani emigodhi kuti agadzirise ivhu uye agadzirise nharaunda sechikamu chemabasa avo ekushanda.
Energy Energy
Simba reIndonesia rinosanganisira mafuta efossil, akadai semarasha, mafuta, negasi rechisikigo, pamwe chete nesimba rinogona kushandiswazve segeothermal, hydro, solar, nemhepo.
Kukosha Kwehupfumi: Bazi remagetsi rinobatsira zvikuru mukuzadzisa zvinodiwa zvemagetsi emuno, kukurudzira kukura kwemaindasitiri, uye kuwana mari inotengeswa kunze kwenyika. Indonesia ndeimwe yemakambani anotungamira kutengesa marasha kunze kwenyika uye ine mukana wakakura wekuvandudza simba rinogona kuvandudzwa.
Matambudziko Ekutarisira: Kuvimba nemafuta efossil kwakaita kuti pave nematambudziko ezvakatipoteredza, kusanganisira kuburitswa kwemhepo inopisa uye kuparadzwa kwenzvimbo dzekugara. Kunewo matambudziko mukuvandudzwa kwezvivakwa uye kudyara mari mumagetsi anogona kushandiswazve.
Maitiro Ekutarisira: Hurumende iri kutarisa pakusiyanisa simba nekukurudzira simba rinogona kuvandudzwa kuburikidza ne:
– Mutemo weNyika weSimba: Kuisa mitemo inoisa zvinangwa zvekuvandudza simba rinogona kuvandudzwa uye kuderedza kuvimba nemarasha nemafuta.
- Zvinokurudzira zveMagetsi Anogona Kudzorerwa: Kupa zvinokurudzira kumapurojekiti esimba rinogona kudzorerwa, kusanganisira mitero yekuisa mari mumagetsi, kusabhadhara mitero, uye nzira dzekubhadhara mari.
- Zvirongwa zveKushanda Nesimba Zvisina Kuipa: Kukurudzira kushandiswa kwesimba zvakanaka muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana kuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba uye kukanganisa nharaunda.
mhedziso
Kutarisirwa kwezvinhu zvakasikwa muIndonesia kwakakosha pakuona kuti hupfumi hwenyika huchakura kwenguva refu, hutano hwezvakatipoteredza, uye kugara zvakanaka kwevanhu. Kunyange hazvo matambudziko acho ari akawanda, anosanganisira kukanganiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, nyaya dzemitemo, uye kodzero dzenharaunda, kushanda pamwe chete nehurumende, vemasangano akazvimirira, uye veruzhinji kuri kugadzira nzira yetsika dzinogara kwenguva refu. Kuburikidza nehurongwa hwakazara, kubatanidzwa kwevane chekuita nazvo, uye nzira itsva dzekutarisira, Indonesia inogona kushandisa pfuma yayo yechisikigo uku ichiichengetedza kuzvizvarwa zvinotevera.
