Simba reJografi paTsika dzeNzvimbo
Jografi, kudzidza nzvimbo uye hukama pakati pevanhu nenzvimbo dzavanogara, kwagara kuri basa guru mukuumba tsika pasi rose. Kubva pamakomo marefu eHimalaya kusvika kujecha rakakura reSahara, zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvejografi zvinopesvedzera mararamiro, tsika dzemagariro evanhu, tsika, uye kunyange maitiro ezvitendero zvevanhu. Kunzwisisa nzira dzakaoma dzinoshandiswa nejografi kudzidzisa tsika kunogona kupa nzwisiso pamusoro pemhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzevanhu.
Kuparadzaniswa Kwenzvimbo uye Kubudirira Kwetsika
Imwe yenzira huru dzinoshandiswa pakuchinja tsika ndeyekuzviparadzanisa nevamwe. Kana nharaunda yaparadzaniswa nenzvimbo, kungave nemakomo, marenje, masango, kana nzvimbo dzemvura, inowanzo gadzira hunhu hwakasiyana hwetsika, mitauro, chikafu, netsika dzakasiyana nedzemamwe mapoka. Semuenzaniso, tsika dzenzvimbo dzeHimalaya, dzakadai seTibet neBhutan, dzakaumbwa zvakanyanya nekuparadzaniswa kwavo nemakomo. Matambudziko ekufamba munzvimbo dzakadzika akakurudzira nharaunda dzakabatana dzine hukama hwakasimba hwekushandira pamwe uye maitiro akasiyana ekuvaka akadai sedzongs—mamongi akafanana nenhare akagadzirirwa kutsungirira kutyisidzira kwechisikigo uye kwevanhu.
Saizvozvowo, Amazon Rainforest yakakonzera kukura kwemarudzi mazhinji emuno ane mitauro yakasiyana, tsika, uye nzira dzekudyidzana nenharaunda yavo. Mazhinji emadzinza aya ane ruzivo rwakanyanya rwemiti netsika dzakanangana nenyika yechisikigo, dzakagadzirwa nekuda kwekuoma uye kupfuma kwenzvimbo yemvura inonaya.
Mamiriro ekunze uye Mararamiro
Mamiriro ekunze anokanganisa zvakanyanya mabasa ezuva nezuva nemararamiro, izvo zvinozochinja tsika. Semuenzaniso, mumamiriro ekunze anodziya, nzanga dzinowanzo gadzira mararamiro anogamuchira tembiricha yakakwira. Izvi zvinogona kusanganisira nguva yekurara kana kuzorora kwemasikati, sezviya zvinowanikwa mutsika dzeMediterranean, uko purogiramu dzezuva nezuva dzinogadziriswa kudzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya kwemasikati, zvichikurudzira kudyidzana kwevanhu manheru anotonhorera.
Kusiyana neizvi, munzvimbo dzinotonhora, mararamiro evanhu anowanzo tarisa pakugara vachidziya uye kuchengetedza simba. Izvi zvinogona kuonekwa mutsika dzetsika dzeArctic nedzepasi peArctic, dzakadai seInuit, uko mabasa akadai sekuvhima nekubata hove ari musimboti wekurarama, uye kugara pamwe chete kwakajairika kuti vanhu vagovane kudziya nezvinhu. Zvitsva zvavo zvetsika, zvakaita semaigloo nembatya dzakagadzirwa nematehwe emhuka, zvinongobatsira chete mumamiriro ekunze akaoma.
Zviwanikwa zvechisikigo uye Maitiro ehupfumi
Kuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa zvechisikigo kunopesvedzera zvikuru tsika dzezvehupfumi, uye, pamwe chete netsika. Nzvimbo dzakapfuma muzviwanikwa zvakaita semvura, ivhu rakaorera, zvicherwa, nematanda dzinowanzo gadzira tsika dzinovimba zvakanyanya nezviwanikwa izvi. Semuenzaniso, tsika dzekare dzevaIjipita dzaive dzakabatana zvakanyanya neRwizi rwaNire, urwo rwaipa mvura nevhu rakaorera nguva dzose rekurima, zvichiita kuti pave nekukura kweimwe yetsika dzekutanga uye dzine simba guru pasi rose.
Kubata hove munzvimbo dziri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa kunoratidza mumwe muenzaniso. Tsika dziri munzvimbo idzi dzinowanzo gadzira tsika, tsika dzekubika, uye magariro evanhu ari pedyo negungwa. Vanhu vekuBasque vekuSpain neFrance, vanozivikanwa nehunyanzvi hwavo hwekuredza hove, vane tsika dzakapfuma mutsika, dzinosanganisira tsika dzakasiyana dzemugungwa, chikafu chine hove, uye matekiniki ekuvaka zvikepe zvakapfuudzwa kubva kuzvizvarwa nezvizvarwa.
Topography uye Maitiro Ekugara
Zvinhu zvakaita semakomo, mipata, mapani, nenzizi zvinoumba mapatani ekugara uye zvinopesvedzera marongerwo emagariro evanhu. Mapoka akakura mumipata yenzizi, setsika dzekare dzeMesopotamia, Yellow River Valley yeChina, neIndus Valley yeIndia, akabatsirwa nenyika dzakaorera dzaitsigira kurima kwakawanda. Kuwanda kwekurima uku kunogonesa kukura kwevanhu, kuumbwa kwemaguta, uye kukura kwezvirongwa zvemagariro akaomarara, kusanganisira mapoka akasiyana evarimi, mhizha, nevatungamiriri.
Kusiyana neizvi, nzvimbo dzine makomo dzinowanzo tungamira mukuumbwa kwenharaunda diki, dzakaparadzana. Semuenzaniso, maSwiss Alps aive nenharaunda dzaive nemitauro netsika dzakasiyana nekuda kwekuparadzana kwavo. Kuzviparadzanisa uku kwakabatsira kuchengetedza mitauro yemuno yakaita seRomansh, uye kwakagadzira zvinhu zvakasiyana zvetsika zvakaita senzira yechinyakare yekutaura yeyodeling, iyo inogona kutakura ruzha kure kure.
Kubatana Kwetsika Nenzira Dzekutengeserana
Zvinhu zvenzvimbo zvinobatsirawo kuchinjana tsika nekubatana kwetsika kuburikidza nenzira dzekutengeserana uye nzira dzekutama. Mugwagwa weSilk, uyo waibatanidza East Asia neEurope, muenzaniso mukuru wekuti nzvimbo inosimudzira sei kudyidzana kwetsika. Vatengesi vaifamba nepakati penzvimbo iyi vakatakura kwete zvinhu chete asiwo mazano, zvitendero, hunyanzvi, uye tekinoroji. Izvi zvakaguma nekusanganiswa kwetsika, zvinoratidzwa nekusanganiswa kwehunyanzvi hweGreco-Buddhist, kupararira kwezvitendero zvakaita seBuddhism, uye kuchinjana ruzivo rwesainzi pakati petsika dzakasiyana munzira iyi.
Nzira dzekutengeserana dzemugungwa dzakaitawo basa guru mukutsinhana tsika. Nzvimbo yekutengeserana yeIndian Ocean yakabatanidza Africa, Middle East, South Asia, neSoutheast Asia, zvikaita kuti pave nekusanganiswa kunonakidza kwetsika. Maguta akadai seZanzibar neMalacca akava nzvimbo dzinosanganiswa uko vatengesi vanobva kwakasiyana-siyana vaichinjana tsika dzekubika, zvitendero, mitauro, nezvimwe zvinhu zvetsika, zvichikonzera nzanga dzine simba uye dzakasiyana-siyana.
Chitendero neJogirafi
Nzvimbo inowanzo tsigira tsika dzetsika nedzemweya. Zvinhu zvakasikwa zvakaita semakomo, nzizi, nemasango zvinowanzo zara nepfungwa tsvene. Semuenzaniso, Gomo reOlympus muGreece rine nzvimbo huru mungano dzechiGiriki semusha wevanamwari, nepo Rwizi rweGanges muIndia ruchionekwa serutsvene muchiHindu. Zvinhu izvi zvenzvimbo zvinoumba tsika dzechitendero netsika dzemunharaunda.
Nzvimbo yacho inogonawo kukanganisa magadzirirwo ezvitendero uye tsika dzematende echitendero. Guta reJerusarema, rine nzvimbo dzaro dzakasiyana-siyana dzenhoroondo nechitendero, itsvene kuchiJudha, chiKristu, neIslam, zvichikwezva matende echitendero kubva kumativi ose enyika. Saizvozvowo, Gomo dzvene reKailash muTibet inzvimbo yematende echitendero evaHindu, maBhudha, maJain, nevateveri veBon, uko zvinhu zvepanyika nemweya zvakabatana zvakanyanya.
Miganhu yeMutauro neNzvimbo
Mitauro inoshanduka uye inochinjika zvichienderana nemiganhu yenyika. Zvipingamupinyi zvechisikigo zvakaita semakomo nenzizi zvinowanzo tungamira mukukura kwemitauro yakasiyana kana mitauro mitsva zvachose nekuda kwekusawirirana kushoma pakati penharaunda. Mitauro yemadzinza emuno muAmazon, senge Yanomami, yakaparadzaniswa kuita mitauro yakawanda, zvakanyanya nekuda kwemasango akakora, ari ega.
Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinhu zvinoita kuti kufamba kufambise zvinhu, zvakaita semipata yenzizi nemapani, zvinowanzova nzvimbo dzinonyunguduka apo mitauro inosanganiswa uye inoshanduka. Nzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemitauro yeIndia, pamwe nemitauro yayo yeIndo-European, Dravidian, nemadzinza, zvinoratidza mazana emakore ekutama, kutengeserana, uye kukunda kwakagoneswa nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzenharaunda iyi.
mhedziso
Mukupedzisa, pesvedzero yenzvimbo patsika yakakura uye ine mativi akawanda. Inosanganisira zvinhu zvakaita sekuparadzaniswa, mamiriro ekunze, zviwanikwa zvechisikigo, tsika dzehupfumi, maitiro ekugara, kusanganiswa kwetsika kuburikidza nenzira dzekutengeserana, tsika dzechitendero, uye kunyange kushanduka kwemitauro. Nzira dzakawanda idzo zvinhu zvenzvimbo zvinoumba nadzo nzanga dzevanhu dzinosimbisa kubatana kwakadzama pakati pezvakatipoteredza nekusiyana-siyana kwetsika kwakapfuma kunoratidza budiriro yevanhu. Kunzwisisa hukama uhwu kunopa maonero akakosha ekuti tsika dzinoumbwa sei, dzinodyidzana sei, uye dzinoshanduka sei zvichienderana nenzvimbo dzadzo.
