Musoro: Indonesian Geography uye Kugona Kwayo
ziviso
Iri pakati peGungwa reIndia nePacific, Indonesia inzvimbo inoshamisa, ine zvitsuwa zvinopfuura 17,000. Nzvimbo iyi yakasiyana inopa Indonesia nzvimbo inonakidza yezvisikwa, zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana, uye mikana yakawanda yehupfumi. Semunhu mukuru muSoutheast Asia, nzvimbo yeIndonesia inokanganisa zvikuru mamiriro ayo ekunze, budiriro yezvehupfumi, uye zvematongerwo enyika. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa mamiriro eIndonesia uye chinoburitsa mukana mukuru uri munzvimbo dzayo dzakasiyana-siyana.
Geographical Overview
Indonesia ndiyo nyika ine zvitsuwa zvakawanda pasi rose uye iri panhamba 14 pakukura, ine makiromita angangoita mamiriyoni 1.9. Zvitsuwa zvayo zvishanu zvikuru—Sumatra, Java, Borneo (Kalimantan), Sulawesi, neNew Guinea—ndiyo ine vanhu vakawanda kupfuura mamiriyoni 270. Java, iyo iri pakati pehupfumi nezvematongerwo enyika, inonyanya kuzivikanwa nehuwandu hwevanhu vayo nenzvimbo dzakabatikana dzemaguta dzakadai seJakarta, guta guru.
Nzvimbo yeIndonesia iri paRing of Fire, nzvimbo ine kudengenyeka kwenyika kunowanzoitika uye kuputika kwemakomo, inoumba chimiro chayo chemuviri. Zvitsuwa izvi zvine makomo anoputika angangoita 130, zvichikonzera ivhu rakaorera renzvimbo iyi asi zvichikonzerawo njodzi huru dzechisikigo. Magadzirirwo aya akaomarara anoita kuti pave nenzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvakatipoteredza, kubva kumasango ane miti yakawanda nemasavanna akaoma kusvika kumadhamu emiti yemango nemakorari.
Pfuma Yezvakatipoteredza uye Kusiyana-siyana Kwezvipenyu
Kusiyana kwenzvimbo yeIndonesia kunoratidzwa nekuwanda kwayo kwezvakatipoteredza. Ndiyo imwe yenyika gumi nenomwe dzenyika dzakasiyana-siyana pasi rose, ine hupfumi hwakawanda hwezvisikwa panyika nemunzvimbo dzegungwa. Masango emvura anonaya mvura, anofukidza 50% yenzvimbo yeIndonesia, ndiwo mapapu ekuSoutheast Asia uye inzvimbo ine miti nemhuka dzakasiyana.
Mhando dzakadai seorangutan, ingwe yeSumatran, uye chipembere cheJavan chinogara munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemasango eIndonesia. Kusiyana-siyana kwezvisikwa zvemugungwa kunoshamisawo, neCoral Triangle—nzvimbo yemugungwa inozivikanwa nemarudzi ayo akasiyana-siyana emakorari—iri mumvura yeIndonesia. Mhando dzehove dzinopfuura 3,000 nemarudzi emakorari mazana matanhatu dzinogara munzvimbo iyi, zvichiratidza kuti inzvimbo ine ruzivo rwakasiyana-siyana pasi pemvura.
Kukwanisa Kwehupfumi: Zviwanikwa zveMusikirwo
Nzvimbo dzeIndonesia dzinopfuura hunhu hwayo hwezvakatipoteredza kusvika pakuva nezviwanikwa zvakawanda zvechisikigo, zvichitungamira injini dzehupfumi hwenyika. Zvitsuwa izvi zvakapfuma muzvicherwa zvakaita segoridhe, tin, copper, nickel, uye bauxite. Indonesia ndeimwe yemakambani makuru ekugadzira nekutengesa marasha pasi rose, uye chikamu chemigodhi chinobatsira zvikuru muGDP yenyika.
Mafuta negasi rechisikigo, zviri kumahombekombe nekumahombekombe, zvinowedzera kusimbisa chinzvimbo cheIndonesia senzvimbo huru inopa simba pasi rose. Mhenderekedzo yakakura yegungwa rezvitsuwa izvi pamwe nemagariro egungwa akasimba zvinovhura nzira yekushanda kwemaindasitiri makuru ekubata hove nekupfuya hove. Chikamu chekubata hove muIndonesia hachisi chikafu chakakosha chete asiwo chikamu chakakosha chehupfumi hwenyika, zvichipa mabasa uye zvichibatsira zvikuru mumari inowanikwa kunze kwenyika.
Kuwanda Kwekurima
Kunze kwezvicherwa nezviwanikwa zvemugungwa, ivhu rakaorera reIndonesia rinobvumira minda yakasiyana-siyana yekurima. Mafuta emuchindwe, rabha, koko, kofi, tii, nezvinonhuwira zvinhu zvakakosha zvekurima. Indonesia ndiyo inotungamira mukugadzira mafuta emuchindwe pasi rose, inova chinhu chikuru chinotengeswa kunze kwenyika chinopa mari yakawanda muhupfumi. Ivhu remakomo anoputika, kunyanya paJava neSumatra, rinobatsira pamabasa ekurima anobereka goho guru.
Bazi rezvekurima rinotsigira raramo yemamiriyoni evanhu, kunyanya kumaruwa. Zvisinei, rakaunzawo matambudziko akadai sekutemwa kwemiti nemakakatanwa ekushandiswa kwevhu. Maitiro ekurima anochengetedza nharaunda akakosha pakuenzanisa kubudirira kwehupfumi nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza.
Tourism Inogoneka
Kukwezva kweIndonesia kunosvika munzvimbo dzekushanya, zvichipa zvinhu zvakawanda zvinokwezva kubva kupfuma kwetsika dzeBali nematemberi ekare eBorobudur nePrambanan kusvika kumahombekombe akanaka uye nzvimbo dzekunyura muGili Islands neRaja Ampat. Kushanya uye kushanya kwezvakatipoteredza zvinhu zvakakosha, zvine mikana yekufamba netsoka muSumatra, kuongorora masango ekare eKalimantan, kana kusangana nehupenyu hwakasiyana-siyana hwemugungwa hweCoral Triangle.
Bazi rekushanya rine mukana mukuru wekusimudzira kukura kwehupfumi uye kugadzira mabasa. Kugadzira zvivakwa zvine hungwaru, kuchengetedza nzvimbo dzechisikigo nedzetsika, uye kukurudzira tsika dzekushanya dzinogara kwenguva refu ndizvo zvakakosha pakuwedzera mukana uyu.
Matambudziko nemikana
Kunyange zvazvo nzvimbo yeIndonesia ichipa mikana yakawanda, inewo matambudziko akati wandei. Njodzi dzinoitika nguva nenguva dzakadai sekudengenyeka kwenyika, kuputika kwemakomo, uye tsunami dzinoda kugadzirira njodzi kwakasimba uye nzira dzekugadzirisa matambudziko. Kupararira kwezvitsuwa munzvimbo dzakasiyana kunounzawo matambudziko ezvekufambisa zvinhu uye zvivakwa maererano nekubatana kwehupfumi.
Uyezve, kuenzana kwebudiriro yehupfumi nekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza inyaya yakakosha. Kutemwa kwemasango, kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye kushandiswa zvakanyanya kwezviwanikwa zvinotyisidzira mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu muIndonesia. Kutarisira nekuchengetedza zvinhu nenzira inochengetedza zvinhu kwakakosha kuti pfuma yechisikigo yechitsuwa ichi ikwanise kutsigira zvizvarwa zvinotevera.
mhedziso
Nzvimbo yeIndonesia - zvitsuwa zvikuru zvine ivhu rakapfuma remakomo, zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvechisikigo, uye zvipenyu zvakasiyana-siyana - ndizvo zvinobatsira uye zvinonetsa. Inopa mikana yakawanda yekusimudzira hupfumi, kunyanya kuburikidza nekushandisa zviwanikwa, kurima, uye kushanya. Zvisinei, maitiro anochengetedza nharaunda uye manejimendi anobudirira ezvinhu zvayo zvechisikigo zvakakosha kuti zvikunde matambudziko anotevera.
Kushandisa zvese zvinogoneka zvenzvimbo dzeIndonesia kunoda nzira yakabatana inoenzanisa kukura kwehupfumi nekuchengetedza nharaunda. Nekufamba munzvimbo idzi nekufungisisa, Indonesia inogona kuve nechokwadi chekuti hupfumi hwayo hwenzvimbo hunoramba huchibatsira vagari vayo uye huchibatsira mukuchengetedza nzvimbo dzenharaunda nepasi rose. Remangwana reIndonesia, kufanana nenzvimbo dzayo, imhando yemikana yakamirira kuongororwa nekusimudzirwa.
