Nzvimbo uye Kukanganisa Kwayo Pakukura Kwetsika
Munhoroondo yese, geography yakaita basa guru mukuumba ramangwana retsika dzevanhu. Kubva kumapani akaorera eMesopotamia kusvika kunzvimbo dzakaoma dzeAndes, zvinhu zvenzvimbo zvakakanganisa marongerwo emagariro evanhu, mabasa ehupfumi, kuchinjana tsika, uye masisitimu ezvematongerwo enyika. Chinyorwa chino chinoongorora nzira dzakadzama dzakashandiswa geography mukusimudzira tsika dzevanhu.
Kuzvisarudzira Kwenzvimbo: Nheyo dzeRudzi
Pfungwa yekufunga kuti zvinhu zvakamira sei inoratidza kuti nharaunda, kunyanya nzvimbo, ine simba pamaitiro evanhu nekufambira mberi munharaunda. Mienzaniso yakajeka yepfungwa iyi ndiyo tsika dzekare dzemumipata yerwizi dzakadai sedzeMesopotamia, Egypt, Indus Valley, neChina.
Rudzi urwu rwakabudirira nekuti rwaiwana zviwanikwa zvakakosha. Nzizi dzeTigris neYufratesi dzaipa Mesopotamia mvura yekudiridza, ivhu rakaorera rekurima, uye nzira yekufambisa. Saizvozvowo, mafashamo eNile aifanotaurwa akabatsira zvikuru mukubudirira kwekurima muIjipita. Nzizi idzi hadzina kungopa chete zvekudya; dzaibatsirawo kutengeserana, kutaurirana, uye kuchinjana tsika, dzichishanda semitsipa yaipinza hupenyu munharaunda idzi dzekare.
Topography uye Kusvikika
Nzvimbo yenzvimbo inogona kubatsira kana kukanganisa kukura kwehupfumi. Girisi yekare muenzaniso mukuru weizvi. Nzvimbo dzakaoma nemakomo akawanda zvakapatsanura nzvimbo iyi kuita mipata nemapani egungwa, zvichikonzera kukura kwemaguta akazvimiririra, kana kuti poleis, seAthens neSparta. Kupatsanurana uku kwakakurudzira kusawirirana kwezvematongerwo enyika uye kwakasimudzira mweya wemakwikwi pakati pemaguta, zvichikonzera kufambira mberi muuzivi, zvematongerwo enyika, uye hunyanzvi.
Kusiyana neizvi, nzvimbo yakakura uye yakapfava yeUmambo hweRoma yakaita kuti zvikwanisike kukunda mauto nekutonga. Nzvimbo yeRoma iri pakati peItaly Peninsula, pamwe chete nemigwagwa nezviteshi, zvakabvumira hutongi hwakanaka nekutaurirana munzvimbo dzayo. Rubatsiro urwu rwenzvimbo rwakakosha mukugadzwa nekuchengetedzwa kweUmambo hweRoma, hwakava humwe hwehutongi hwakakura hwezvematongerwo enyika nemagariro evanhu munhoroondo yekare.
Mamiriro ekunze uye Kurima
Mamiriro ekunze chimwe chinhu chakakosha chakakanganisa tsika dzevanhu. Nzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anodziya uye mamiriro ekunze anofungidzirwa kazhinji dzave nekukwanisa kukuru kwekurima. Fertile Crescent, nzvimbo inosanganisira zvikamu zveIraq yanhasi, Syria, Lebanon, Israel, neJordan, yakapa mamiriro ekunze akanaka aitsigira kukura kwezvirimwa zvakasiyana-siyana uye kupfuya mhuka. Kuwanda kwekurima uku kwakaita kuti vanhu vawedzere, maguta, uye hunyanzvi hwekugadzira zvinhu zvitsva.
Kune rumwe rutivi, tsika dzakakura mumamiriro ekunze akaoma, akadai seArctic Inuit kana madzinza eBedouin anogara murenje, dzakachinja mararamiro avo kuti dzirarame mamiriro ekunze akaipisisa. VaInuit vaivimba nekubata hove, kuvhima, uye nzira dzehunyanzvi dzekudzivirira dzimba dzavo, nepo vaBedouin vachigadzira maitiro ekufamba-famba munzvimbo dzavo dzisina mvura. Kuchinja uku kunoratidza kusimba uye hunyanzvi hwevanhu mukupindura kunzvimbo dzavo.
Zviwanikwa zvechisikigo nekusimudzira hupfumi
Kuvapo kana kusavapo kwezviwanikwa zvechisikigo kune chekuita zvakananga nekukura kwehupfumi hwenyika. Marudzi ane zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvechisikigo, zvakaita sezvicherwa, masango, nenyika yakaorera, zvine mukana wakakura. Pfuma inowanikwa kubva muzviwanikwa izvi inogona kushandiswa kuvaka zvivakwa, kutsigira vanhu vakawanda, uye kubhadhara mari yehondo.
Semuenzaniso, budiriro yekare yeGhana (isingafaniri kuvhiringidzwa nenyika yanhasi) yakabudirira zvikuru nekuda kwekuwana kwayo uye kutonga zviwanikwa zvegoridhe kuWest Africa. Pfuma yakaunganidzwa kubva mukutengeswa kwegoridhe yakaita kuti Ghana ive humambo hune simba uye hune simba munguva yepakati nepakati. Saizvozvowo, kuwanda kwesirivha muPotosí (muBolivia yanhasi) kwakakurudzira hupfumi hweSpain nepesvedzero yepasi rose muzana remakore rechi16 nerechi17.
Nzira dzekutengeserana uye kuchinjana kwetsika
Zvinhu zvakaita kuti nzira dzekutengeserana dzive dzakakosha pakuumba tsika dzevanhu. Mumwe wemienzaniso mikuru iSilk Road, network yenzira dzekutengeserana dzinobatanidza East neWest. Mugwagwa uyu wekare waibvumira kuchinjana zvinhu, mazano, zvitendero, uye matekinoroji pakati petsika dzakasiyana-siyana, kubva kuHumambo hweRoma kuenda kuHumambo hwaHan muChina.
Nzvimbo yeArabian Peninsula panosangana migwagwa yeEurope, Asia, neAfrica yakaita kuti pave netsika dzekutengeserana dzine simba dzakadai seNabateans uye gare gare maIslamic Caliphates. Kuchinjana kwezvinonhuwira, sirika, simbi dzinokosha, nezvimwe zvinhu munzira idzi hakuna kungopfumisa nharaunda dzaitora chikamu mune zvehupfumi chete; kwakakonzerawo kupararira kukuru kwetsika netekinoroji, zvichiisa hwaro hweRenaissance uye Nguva yekupedzisira yeKutsvaga.
Kuparadzaniswa Nenzvimbo Uye Kusasiyana Kwetsika
Kuzviparadzanisa nenzvimbo kunogonawo kutungamira mukusimudzirwa kwetsika dzakasiyana uye maumbirwo emagariro evanhu. Semuenzaniso, chitsuwa cheJapan chakagadzira tsika yakasiyana yakaparadzaniswa zvakanyanya neAsia nekuda kwenzvimbo yayo yakavanzika. Kuzviparadzanisa uku kwakabvumira kukura kusingadzoreki kwemhando dzakasiyana dzeunyanzvi, zvitendero zvakaita seShinto, uye maumbirwo emagariro evanhu akadai seboka revarwi vesamurai.
Saizvozvowo, tsika dzemaAndean, kusanganisira Inca Empire, dzakakura dziri dzoga nekuda kwenzvimbo dzine makomo dzakaoma dzakapoteredza. Nzvimbo yacho yakaita kuti pave nekuvandudzwa mune zvekurima, zvakaita sekurima materase uye masisitimu ekudiridza epamusoro, izvo zvakabvumira maInca kuchengetedza humambo hwavo munzvimbo isina kukanganwira.
Zvinorehwa Nenzvimbo Yemazuva Ano Pakubudirira Kwenyika
Kunyangwe munguva yazvino, geography ichiri kuumba tsika dzevanhu. Kukosha kwenzvimbo dzenzvimbo kuchiri kukanganisa sarudzo dzezvematongerwo enyika nedzehupfumi. Semuenzaniso, nyika dzine mukana wekupinda mumigwagwa mikuru yemvura nezviteshi, zvakaita seUnited States, China, neGermany, dzine zvakanakira zvikuru mukutengeserana kwepasi rose. Kuvakwa kwePanama neSuez Canals kwakachinja zvakanyanya kutengeserana kwepasi rose, zvichiratidza kukosha kuri kuramba kuripo kwenzvimbo mukugadzira mabasa evanhu.
Uyezve, kana tichitarisa shanduko yemamiriro ekunze pasi rose, nzvimbo iri kuramba ichiva chinhu chakakosha. Kukwira kwemvura yegungwa kuri kutyisidzira nyika dzezvitsuwa dziri pasi nemaguta ari kumahombekombe, ukuwo kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kuchikanganisa kugadzirwa kwekurima uye kuwanikwa kwemvura pasi rese. Kuchinja uku kunogona kuchinja huwandu hwevanhu pasi rose nehurongwa hwehupfumi mumakumi emakore anotevera, zvichiratidza kukanganisa kuri kuramba kuripo kwenzvimbo patsika dzemagariro evanhu.
mhedziso
Mukupedzisa, geography yave iri chinhu chakakosha mukukura kwetsika dzemagariro evanhu munhoroondo yese. Yakachinja nzvimbo uye maitiro evanhu, maitiro avo ehupfumi, marongerwo emagariro evanhu, uye kudyidzana nedzimwe tsika. Kubva kumapani akaorera emipata yenzizi dzekare kusvika kunzira dzekutengeserana dzehumambo hwepakati nepakati, nharaunda chaiyo yakaumba ramangwana revanhu nenzira dzakadzama. Sezvatinofambira mberi tichienda munguva yezvinetso zvezvakatipoteredza zvisati zvamboitika, kunzwisisa kukanganisa kwegeography patsika dzemagariro evanhu kuchiri kukosha sezvakamboita.
