Pfungwa yeNzvimbo muJogirafi uye Mienzaniso Yayo
Geography inyaya inobatanidza vanhu, nzvimbo, nenzvimbo. Pfungwa huru mune geography i "nzvimbo." Nzvimbo mumashoko enzvimbo ipfungwa ine mativi akawanda inosanganisira zviyero zvakasiyana-siyana uye dudziro. Inoreva zvese daro remuviri pakati penzvimbo uye nzira dzisinganzwisisike, dzehukama dzinorongwa nadzo zviitiko zvemagariro evanhu nezvisikwa. Chinyorwa chino chinotarisa pfungwa yenzvimbo mune geography, hwaro hwayo hwedzidziso, uye chinopa mienzaniso kuratidza mashandisirwo ayo makuru mukunzwisisa nyika yedu.
Dzidziso dzeNzvimbo muJografi
Nzvimbo ipfungwa huru mune zvejogirafi, uye zvakakosha kusiyanisa pakati penzvimbo chaiyo nenzvimbo ine hukama.
1. Nzvimbo Isina Kukwana:
- Inoreva ma "coordinates" emepu chaiwo, madaro, uye huwandu hunoyerwa.
- Inogona kuverengwa uchishandisa mayuniti akaita semamita kana mamaira.
- Mienzaniso inosanganisira latitudinal nelongitudinal coordinates, mamepu, uye madaro chaiwo pakati penzvimbo dzenzvimbo.
2. Nzvimbo yehukama:
- Inoratidza hukama uye maonero enzvimbo.
- Inobata nezvekuonekwa uye kudyidzana kwenzvimbo zvichibva pamagariro evanhu, hupfumi, uye tsika.
– Mienzaniso inosanganisira kubatana kwehupfumi pakati pemaguta, kukosha kwetsika kwenzvimbo yerwendo, kana maonero epfungwa edaro.
Maonero eVanovaka Munharaunda
Nyanzvi dzejogirafi dziri kuramba dzichisimbisa kuti nzvimbo haisi chinhu chinongoonekwa chete asi inovakwa nevanhu. Inoumbwa nezviito zvevanhu, tsika, uye hukama hwevanhu.
1. Bhuku raHenri Lefebvre rinonzi The Production of Space:
– Lefebvre anotaura kuti nzvimbo inogadzirwa nemaitiro evanhu uye hukama hwemasimba.
– Nzvimbo chigadzirwa chemagariro evanhu; inogadzirwa uye inogadzirwazve.
- Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzemaguta dzakagadzirwa zvichibva pane zvinodiwa pahupfumi, mamodheru ekutonga, uye tsika.
2. Kugadzirisa Nzvimbo kwaDavid Harvey:
- Harvey anoratidza kuti capitalism uye hupfumi zvinopa sei zviratidzo zvenzvimbo.
- Mabasa ehupfumi anowanzoda uye anogadzira mafomu matsva enzvimbo uye hukama.
- Muenzaniso unogona kuonekwa mukuti nzvimbo dzemaindasitiri dzinobuda sei munzvimbo dziri kunze kwenyika nekuda kwemitengo yepasi yakaderera uye mari yevashandi, zvichichinja mamiriro emaguta nemaruwa.
Nzvimbo muJografi Yemuviri
Munzvimbo yefizikisi, kunzwisisa nzvimbo kwakakosha pakuongorora maitiro echisikigo uye shanduko dzezvakatipoteredza.
1. Maumbirwo eNyika uye Zvimiro zveChisikigo:
- Kurongeka kwenzvimbo dzemakomo, nzizi, mapani, uye mipata kunosarudza nharaunda, maitiro emamiriro ekunze, uye kugara kwevanhu.
– Semuenzaniso, kupararira kwenzvimbo dzenzizi kunokanganisa kuorera kwenzvimbo dziri pedyo uye mabasa ekurima anotevera.
2. Nzvimbo dzeMamiriro ekunze:
- Kusiyana kwenzvimbo kunokanganisa nzvimbo dzemamiriro ekunze, izvo zvakakosha pakunzwisisa maitiro emamiriro ekunze, kusiyana-siyana kwezvinhu, uye kugadziriswa kwevanhu.
- Mienzaniso inosanganisira kutsanangurwa kwenzvimbo dzenzvimbo dzinopisa, dzine mamiriro ekunze akadzikama, uye dzine nzvimbo dziri pedyo negungwa.
Nzvimbo muJografi yevanhu
Nzvimbo yevanhu inoongorora kuti nzvimbo inopesvedzera sei uye inopesvedzwa sei nemabasa evanhu.
1. Nzvimbo yeMaguta:
- Kudzidza nezvenzvimbo dzemumaguta kunosanganisira kuongorora kugoverwa kwenzvimbo dzevanhu, mabasa ehupfumi, uye mabasa mukati memaguta.
- Nyanzvi dzezvenzvimbo dzemaguta dzinotarisa maitiro akaita sekukura kwemaguta, kusimudzirwa kwenzvimbo, uye kugoverwa kwenzvimbo kwezvinhu zvinodiwa.
- Muenzaniso wakakodzera ndewekuti kuwanda kwemaguta kwakachinja sei maguta akaita seLos Angeles, zvichigadzira matunhu makuru emumaguta ane zvazvinoreva zvakakosha muhupfumi nemagariro evanhu.
2. Nzvimbo Yezvehupfumi:
- Inotarisa pakugoverwa kwenzvimbo dzemabasa ehupfumi, akadai semaindasitiri, masevhisi, uye nzira dzekutengeserana.
- Inoongorora kuti nzvimbo inopesvedzera sei zviito zvehupfumi uye kuti masimba ehupfumi, zvakare, anoumba sei marongero enzvimbo.
Semuenzaniso, kuunganidzwa kwemakambani etekinoroji muSilicon Valley kunoratidza huwandu hwezvinhu zvitsva nehunyanzvi munzvimbo dzakasiyana.
3. Nzvimbo yeMagariro eTsika:
- Inoongorora kuti hunhu hwetsika netsika zviri munzvimbo dzakaita sei uye kukanganisa kwenzvimbo patsika.
- Inotaura nezvekuti maitiro enhoroondo, ezvematongerwo enyika, uye emagariro evanhu anochinja sei mamiriro etsika.
- Muenzaniso unogona kuva kugoverwa kwemitauro munzvimbo dzakasiyana, tsika dzechitendero, kana nzvimbo dzemadzinza mumaguta.
Nzvimbo uye Kudyidzana Kwepasi Pose
Kudyidzana kwenyika dzepasi rose kwakachinja zvakanyanya pfungwa yenzvimbo, zvichisimbisa hukama hwayo uye hune simba.
1. Nzvimbo Yekuyerera:
- Zvinoreva network nekubatana kunopfuura daro remuviri.
- Kutengeserana kwepasi rose, matekinoroji ekutaurirana, uye masisitimu ekufambisa zvinoratidza nzvimbo yekuyerera nekubatanidza nzvimbo dziri kure.
Semuenzaniso, internet inobvisa daro chairo, zvichiita kuti pave nenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa paindaneti uko ruzivo rwunoyerera zvakanaka pasi rose.
2. Maguta Epasi Rose:
- Maguta akaita seNew York, London, neTokyo ndiwo mapoinzi ari muhurongwa hwehupfumi hwepasi rose, zvichiratidza kuti nzvimbo inogadziriswazve sei munyika yepasi rose.
- Maguta aya anoshanda senzvimbo dzekutungamira hupfumi hwenyika uye anoratidza huwandu hwemari, tsika, uye simba rezvematongerwo enyika munzvimbo.
Zvinetso zveMuchadenga neZvakatipoteredza
1. Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Ekunze:
- Kuongorora shanduko yemamiriro ekunze kunosanganisira kunzwisisa kukanganisa kwayo munzvimbo dzakasiyana, pamwe nekupararira kwemhepo inoburitsa kabhoni munzvimbo nenzvimbo dzayo.
- Semuenzaniso, nyika dzezvitsuwa dzinotarisana nemhedzisiro yakaipa yekuwedzera kwehuwandu hwegungwa zvichienzaniswa nenzvimbo dziri mukati megungwa.
2. Kugoverwa Kwezviwanikwa:
- Mafambiro enzvimbo ekuwanikwa kwezviwanikwa uye kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa ndiwo matambudziko makuru munharaunda yezvakatipoteredza.
- Kuongorora kuti zviwanikwa zvezvicherwa, mafuta efosili, uye simba rinogona kushandiswazve zvinogoverwa sei munzvimbo zvinobatsira kunzwisisa mamiriro ezvematongerwo enyika uye matambudziko ekuchengetedza nharaunda.
mhedziso
Pfungwa yenzvimbo mune geography yakaoma uye ine mativi akawanda, ichibatanidza mativi emuviri neavanhu edzidzo iyi. Zvakakosha kuti tinzwisise kuti zviitiko zvechisikigo, mabasa evanhu, uye maitiro epasi rose zvakabatana uye zviri papi. Nekushandisa mafungiro akazara uye akaenzana enzvimbo, nyanzvi dzejogirafi dzinogona kupa ongororo dzinojekesa dzinobatsira kuronga maguta, manejimendi yezvakatipoteredza, budiriro yehupfumi, uye kunzwisisa tsika. Kubatana kwenzvimbo, nzvimbo, uye chiyero kunoramba kuri dingindira guru mukuferefeta kwenzvimbo, kuchiumba kuti tinonzwisisa sei uye tinobatanidzwa sei nenyika yakatipoteredza.
