Kupatsanura Mamiriro ekunze kweKöppen: Kunzwisisa Sisitimu Yakarurama Yekupatsanura Mamiriro ekunze
Kukura kwemamiriro ekunze ibazi resainzi rinoongorora mamiriro ekunze nekufamba kwenguva. Imwe yenzira dzinozivikanwa uye dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya pakupatsanura mamiriro ekunze ndiyo Köppen Climate Classification System. Yakagadzirwa nenyanzvi yemamiriro ekunze yekuGermany uye nyanzvi yemamiriro ekunze Wladimir Köppen mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19 nekutanga kwezana remakore rechi20, hurongwa uhwu hwakagadziriswa kakawanda asi huchiri chishandiso chinobatsira zvikuru kune vese masayendisiti nevashandi vari mumunda uyu. Chinyorwa chino chichapa ongororo yakadzama yekupatsanura mamiriro ekunze kweKöppen, kusanganisira misimboti yayo, mapoka makuru, uye mashandisirwo ayo muminda yakasiyana-siyana.
Nheyo dzeKöppen dzeKupatsanura Mamiriro ekunze
Köppen Climate Classification System yakavakirwa pamaitiro ezvirimwa zvechisikigo uye tembiricha yepakati uye mvura inonaya munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Nekunzwisisa kuti mamiriro ekunze anokanganisa sei kukura kwezvirimwa munzvimbo imwe, Köppen yakagadzira hurongwa hunounganidza matunhu zvichienderana nehunhu hwemamiriro ekunze hwakafanana. Kune mapoka makuru mashanu muhurongwa uhwu, rimwe nerimwe rakatsanangurwa nebhii guru:
1. A: Mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa
2. B: Mamiriro ekunze asina mvura
3. C: Mamiriro ekunze ane mwero (Mamiriro ekunze ane hunyoro)
4. D: Mamiriro ekunze eHemiboreal
5. E: Mamiriro ekunze ePolar
Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chezvikamu izvi chakakamurwazve kuita zvikamu zvidiki zvichibva patembiricha chaiyo uye maitiro emvura inonaya. Pazasi pane tsananguro yakazara yechikamu chimwe nechimwe chikuru nezvikamu zvacho zvidiki.
Mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa (A)
Chinhu chikuru chinoratidza mamiriro ekunze emunzvimbo dzinopisa iavhareji yekupisa pamwedzi inodarika 18°C gore rose. Nzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze aya dzinowanzo kuwanikwa pedyo ne equator uye dzine zvikamu zviviri zvikuru:
– Af: Mamiriro ekunze eMasango eTropical Rainforest
Inoratidzwa nekunaya kwemvura yakawanda mugore rose pasina mwaka chaiwo wekusanaya kwemvura. Zvinomera zvikuru isango remvura rinonaya mvura.
– Aw/As: Mamiriro ekunze eTropical Savanna
Ine mwaka wekusanaya kwemvura wakasiyana, kazhinji munguva yechando. Mvura yakawanda inonaya munguva yezhizha.
Mamiriro ekunze asina mvura (B)
Mamiriro ekunze akaoma anoratidzwa nekunaya kwemvura shoma. Muhurongwa hweKöppen, mamwe madhizaini akadai sa “S” na “W” anoshandiswa kutsanangura mamwe maitiro ekunaya kwemvura:
– BWh: Renje Rinopisa
Nzvimbo ine tembiricha yakakwira uye mvura shoma kwazvo.
– BWk: Renje Rinotonhora
Mvura inonaya zvishoma, asi tembiricha yechando inogona kutonhora zvikuru.
– BSh: Nzvimbo Inopisa yeMasango Huswa
Mvura inonyorova zvishoma kupfuura gwenga rinopisa asi ichiri nemwaka wemvura wakasiyana.
– Bsk: Nzvimbo yeMasango Inotonhora
Zvakafanana neBWk asi mvura inonaya zvishoma.
Mamiriro ekunze anodziya (C)
Mamiriro ekunze anodziya anozivikanwa nemwaka yawo mina yakasiyana. Kune mapoka akati wandei emamiriro ekunze aya:
– Cfa: Hunyoro Subtropical
Ine mwaka wezhizha unopisa uye unonyorova uye mwaka wechando unotonhorera.
– Cfb: Mamiriro ekunze egungwa (Western Maritime)
Mvura inonaya yakawanda mugore rose ine mwaka wezhizha unotonhorera uye mwaka wechando unodziya.
- Cfc: Mamiriro ekunze echando egungwa
Zvakafanana neCfb asi tembiricha yakaderera zvishoma.
– Csa/Csb: Mediterranean
Inoratidzwa nemwaka wezhizha wakaoma, unopisa (Csa) kana unotonhora (Csb) uye mwaka wechando unonaya.
Mamiriro ekunze epasi pevhu (D)
Chikamu ichi chine mamiriro ekunze ane mwaka wechando wakareba uye unotonhora zvikuru. Mapoka madiki ari muchikamu ichi ndeaya:
– Dfa/Dfb: Mamiriro ekunze eContinental ane hunyoro
Ine mwaka wezhizha unopisa uye unonyorova uye mwaka wechando murefu, unotonhora zvikuru.
– Dfc/Dfd: Kudzika kwepasi pevhu
Kuisa chiratidzo munzvimbo dzine mwaka wechando unotonhora zvikuru uye mwaka wezhizha unotonhora kana unodziya.
– Dwa/Dwb: Asiatic Continental
Inofukidza nzvimbo dzine mwaka wezhizha unopisa uye unonyorova uye mwaka wechando unotonhora zvikuru.
Mamiriro ekunze ePolar (E)
Mamiriro ekunze ePolar ane nzvimbo dzinotonhora zvikuru gore rose. Kune mhando mbiri huru:
– ET: Tundra
Avhareji yekupisa kwemwedzi haipfuure 10°C kunyangwe mumwedzi unodziya zvakanyanya, zvichitsigira zvinomera zvemunzvimbo dzisina miti yakawanda.
- EF: Nzvimbo yechando
Nzvimbo iyo tembiricha yemwedzi isingapfuure 0°C, saka pane chando nesinou chete.
Kushandiswa kweKöppen Classification muHupenyu hweZuva Nezuva
Sei zvichikosha kunzwisisa kupatsanurwa kwemamiriro ekunze eKöppen? Sisitimu iyi haingobatsiri masayendisiti chete kuronga mamiriro ekunze epasi rose nekuongorora shanduko yemamiriro ekunze asiwo ine mashandisirwo akawanda anoshanda. Heano mienzaniso mishoma:
1. Kurima
Kuziva mamiriro ekunze edunhu kwakakosha pakurima. Varimi vanogona kunzwisisa kuti ndeapi zvirimwa zvichakura zvakanaka mumamiriro ekunze avo.
2. Kushanya
Bazi rekushanya rinogona kuronga nzira dzekushambadzira uye kugadzira nzvimbo dzekushanya zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze eMediterranean dzinogona kukodzera kushanya kwegore rose.
3. Kubudirira kweMaguta
Ruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze runobatsira mukuronga maguta nezvivakwa zvinoenderana nemamiriro ekunze akasiyana enzvimbo iyi. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzine mvura yakawanda dzinofanira kugadzira nzira dzinoshanda dzekubvisa mvura kuti dzisafashamo.
4. Hutano hweVeruzhinji
Zvirwere zvakawanda zvinokanganiswa nemamiriro ekunze. Semuenzaniso, nzvimbo dzine mamiriro ekunze anopisa dzinowanzova nenjodzi huru yekubatwa nezvirwere zvemunzvimbo dzinopisa zvakaita semarariya nedengue fever.
Mhedziso
Köppen Climate Classification System chishandiso chine simba uye chinoshanda zvakasiyana-siyana chekuisa mamiriro ekunze akasiyana pasi rose zvichienderana nekupisa nemvura. Kunzwisisa mapoka akasiyana-siyana nemakanzuru ari mukati mehurongwa uhwu kunotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti mamiriro ekunze anokanganisa sei nharaunda nehupenyu hwevanhu. Mashandisirwo ayo anosanganisira nzvimbo dzakadai sekurima, kushanya, kukura kwemaguta, uye hutano hwevanhu, zvichiita kuti ive chikamu chakakosha mukuronga nekugadzirisa zviwanikwa, pamwe nekuderedza kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze. Saka, Köppen Classification haisi chete purani yedzidziso asiwo chishandiso chakakosha chinoshanda munyika iri kuchinja.
