Nyanzvi dzinoti geography yeIndonesia
Indonesia, senyika yakakura kwazvo pasi rose ine makomo, ine magariro akasiyana-siyana uye akaomarara. Izvi zvinoita kuti kudzidza nezvenzvimbo yeIndonesia kuve nyaya yakapfuma uye inonakidza kune vadzidzi vemakirasi akasiyana-siyana. Chinyorwa chino chichaongorora maonero enyanzvi dzakasiyana-siyana pamusoro penzvimbo yeIndonesia, kusanganisira mativi ayo epanyama, emagariro, uye ehupfumi.
1. Mepu yenzvimbo neyakakwirira yeIndonesia
Indonesia iri pakati pemakondinendi maviri, Asia neAustralia, uye makungwa maviri, Indian nePacific Oceans. Iyi nzvimbo inoiisa munzira yakakosha, kubva pakutengeserana uye pakuona nezvehupenyu hwevanhu. Sekureva kwaBudi Brahmantyo, nyanzvi yezve geology kubva kuBandung Institute of Technology (ITB), "Nzvimbo yeIndonesia yakonzera kuumbwa kwemarudzi akasiyana-siyana evhu uye mamiriro enzvimbo, izvo zvinobatsira mukusiyana kwemiti nemhuka."
Nzvimbo yeIndonesia yakakamurwa kuita nzvimbo nhatu huru: chikamu chekumadokero (Sumatra, Java, Kalimantan), chikamu chepakati (Nusa Tenggara, Bali, neSulawesi), uye chikamu chekumabvazuva (Maluku nePapua). Nzvimbo imwe neimwe iyi ine hunhu hwakasiyana hwe geology uye topographical. Semuenzaniso, Sumatra neKalimantan dzine makomo akawanda nenzvimbo dzakaderera, nepo Papua inozivikanwa nemakomo eJayawijaya, musha wegomo refu reIndonesia, Puncak Jaya.
2. Kuputika kwemakomo: Nyika yeMhenderekedzo yeMoto
Indonesia inozivikanwa nemakomo ayo akawanda anoputika ari kushanda. Kune makomo anoputika ari kushanda anosvika 127 kubva mumakomo anoputika mazana mana akapararira munyika yese. Sekureva kwaDr. Surono, anozivikanwawo saMbah Rono, aimbove Mukuru weIndonesian Geological Agency, "Kuputika kwakanyanya kweIndonesia kunokonzerwa nenzvimbo yayo paPacific Ring of Fire, izvo zvinoita kuti ive imwe yenyika dzine makomo anoputika zvakanyanya pasi rose."
Kuvapo kwemakomo aya hakungokonzere njodzi chete asiwo kunokanganisa kuorera kwevhu. Nzvimbo dzakapoteredza makomo anoputika, dzakadai seCentral Java neYogyakarta, dzinozivikanwa nenzvimbo dzadzo dzekurima dzakaorera uye dzinobereka zvakawanda.
3. Zvitsuwa uye Kupararira kweVagari
Sezvine zvitsuwa zvinopfuura 17.000, kupararira kwevanhu muIndonesia netsika dzavo kwakasiyana-siyana. Sekureva kwenyanzvi yezvevanhu Clifford Geertz, "Indonesia inzvimbo ine tsika dzakasiyana-siyana, mitauro, nemadzinza, zvese zvichikanganiswa nemamiriro enzvimbo yedunhu rega rega."
Chitsuwa cheJava, icho chinongofukidza 7% chete yenzvimbo yese yeIndonesia, ndicho chinogara vanhu vanosvika 60% munyika. Izvi zvinonyanya kukonzerwa nevhu rayo rakaorera uye mamiriro ekunze, izvo zvinokurudzira mabasa ekurima. Kusiyana neizvi, zvitsuwa zvakaita sePapua neKalimantan zvine vanhu vashoma pasinei nenzvimbo dzazvo dzakakura.
4. Mamiriro ekunze nemwaka
Mamiriro ekunze eIndonesia anotsanangurwa senzvimbo dzinopisa, nemwaka miviri mikuru: mwaka wemvura nemwaka wekusanaya kwemvura. Izvi zvinokonzerwa nenzvimbo yeIndonesia iri paequator. Sekureva kwaProfessor Edvin Aldrian, nyanzvi yezvemamiriro ekunze kubva kuMeteorology, Climatology, and Geophysics Agency (BMKG), "Kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze pasi rose kune simba guru pamamiriro ekunze muIndonesia, kunyanya kusimba uye nguva yemwaka wemvura."
Kuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze kunokanganisawo zvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kurima nekubata hove. Semuenzaniso, kusava nechokwadi kwemwaka wemvura kunogona kukanganisa goho rezvirimwa, nepo kupisa kwakanyanya kwegungwa kuchikanganisa kuchengetedzeka kwezvakatipoteredza zvemugungwa, izvo zviri nzvimbo huru yekubata hove kunharaunda dziri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa.
5. Hurongwa hweZvipenyu neKuchengetedza
Indonesia ndeimwe yenyika dzine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu pasi rose. Sekureva kwenyanzvi yezvekuchengetedza zvipenyu Norman Myers, Indonesia inzvimbo ine mhando dzakasiyana-siyana dzezvipenyu uye ine mhando dzakawanda dzezvipenyu zviripo. Zvitsuwa zvakaita seKalimantan, Sumatra, nePapua ndizvo zvinogara mhuka dziri munjodzi yekuparadzwa dzakadai semaorenji, matiger eSumatra, neshiri dzeparadhiso.
Zvisinei, kusiyana uku kunotarisana nekutyisidzirwa kukuru kubva mumabasa evanhu akadai sekutemwa kwemasango, migodhi, uye shanduko mukushandiswa kwevhu. Sekureva kwaDr. Jatna Supriatna, nyanzvi yekuchengetedza nharaunda kubva kuYunivhesiti yeIndonesia, "Kuchengetedza nharaunda muIndonesia kunoda nzira yakazara inosanganisira vese vane chekuita nehupfumi, kubva kuhurumende, nharaunda, uye vemakambani akazvimirira."
6. Jogirafi yeZvikepe zveMarine
Nzvimbo yegungwa yeIndonesia ine basa rakakoshawo. Indonesia ine mahombekombe egungwa echitatu pakureba pasi rose mushure meCanada neNorway. Makungwa, makomo, uye nzvimbo dzegungwa dzeIndonesia dzine mukana mukuru wekufamba mugungwa, zvese maererano nezviwanikwa zvechisikigo uye senzira dzekutengeserana nedzimwe nyika. Purofesa Dedi Adhuri, muongorori wezvegungwa, akati, "Chimwe chezvinetso zvikuru ndechekuti ungatarisira sei zviwanikwa zvegungwa nenzira inochengetedza hupenyu hwako uchiramba uchishandisa mukana wazvo wehupfumi."
Bazi rezvegungwa rine basa rakakoshawo munharaunda netsika dzevanhu vemuIndonesia. Nharaunda zhinji muIndonesia dzinovimba zvakanyanya negungwa kuti dzirarame, kungava vabati vehove, varimi vehove, kana vatengesi vanoshandisa nzira dzegungwa.
Mhedziso: Kushandira pamwe uye Remangwana
Kubva pamaonero enyanzvi dzakasiyana-siyana idzi, zviri pachena kuti nharaunda yeIndonesia inyaya yakaoma zvikuru uye inoda nzira dzakasiyana-siyana kuti inyatsonzwisiswa. Kutarisirwa kwezviwanikwa zvechisikigo, kuderedza njodzi, kuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza, uye budiriro inoenderera mberi ndedzimwe dzenzvimbo dzinoda kutariswa kwakakosha uye kushandira pamwe kubva kumapato akasiyana-siyana.
Indonesia ine mukana mukuru, kwete chete panyaya yezviwanikwa zvechisikigo asiwo panyaya dzetsika nebudiriro yemagariro evanhu. Nekunzwisisa zviri nani kwenzvimbo yeIndonesia, tinotarisira kuti tinogona kutarisira nekushandisa mukana uyu zvinobudirira uye zvinoenderera mberi.
