Chii chinonzi Time Zone uye Maitiro Ekuiverenga
Pendauluan
Nzvimbo dzenguva ipfungwa inoshandiswa kupatsanura Nyika kuita matunhu zvichienderana nenguva yakatarwa, inosarudzwa ne meridian (mutsetse we longitude). Kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzenguva kunobvumira kutenderera kweNyika kupa shanduko dzenguva dzakakodzera kune imwe neimwe nzvimbo, zvichibvumira nzvimbo yega yega kuona nguva chaiyo yekubuda kwezuva nekunyura kwezuva panzvimbo yayo. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura kuti nzvimbo dzenguva chii, nhoroondo yadzo, basa radzo, uye kuti tingadziverenga sei.
Nhoroondo yeMatunhu eNguva
Sisitimu yemazuva ano yenzvimbo dzenguva yakatanga kutaurwa naSir Sandford Fleming, mainjiniya wekuCanada, mukupera kwezana remakore rechi19. Kare, guta rega rega kana dunhu raive nenguva yaro yemuno yaisarudzwa nenzvimbo yezuva. Izvi zvakakonzera kuvhiringidzika kukuru, kunyanya parwendo rurefu rwezvitima rwaive rwakakurumbira panguva iyoyo.
Muna 1884, musangano wepasi rose wakaitwa muWashington, D.C., wakapindwa nevamiriri vanobva kunyika makumi maviri neshanu. Musangano uyu wakasimbisa Greenwich meridian sePrime Meridian, ine longitude ye0 degrees, uye panguva imwe chete wakagadzira hurongwa hwekupatsanura nyika kuita nzvimbo dzenguva makumi maviri nemana, imwe neimwe yakareba madhigirii gumi nemashanu.
Basa reNzvimbo Yenguva
Nzvimbo dzenguva dzinobatsira kubatanidza mabasa evanhu nekufamba kwezuva nezuva kwePasi. Mamwe emabasa makuru enzvimbo dzenguva ndeaya:
1. Kuenzanisa Nguva
Nzvimbo dzenguva dzinobatsira kuenzana kwenguva munzvimbo dzakasiyana. Izvi zvakakosha pakubatanidza kutaurirana kwenyika dzese, kutakurwa, uye kutengeserana. Pasina nzvimbo dzenguva, zvaizova zvakaoma zvikuru kuronga hurongwa hwakarurama hwezviitiko izvi.
2. Hurongwa hweHutano neHupfumi
Hupenyu hwezuva nezuva, kusanganisira maawa ekushanda, maawa echikoro, nezvimwe zviitiko zvekushamwaridzana, zvinodzorwa nenguva. Nguva dzinoshandiswa dzinobvumira kuti zvirongwa izvi zvienderane munzvimbo dzakakura.
3. Kukosha kweMeteorology neAstronomy
Nzvimbo dzenguva dzakakoshawo mune zvemamiriro ekunze uye zvenyeredzi. Ruzivo rwemamiriro ekunze uye ongororo dzemuchadenga zvinoda nguva chaiyo kuti zviongororwe nemazvo.
Maitiro Ekuverenga Nguva Dzoni
Kuverenga nzvimbo dzenguva kunogona kuita sekunge kwakaoma pakutanga, asi zviri nyore kushandisa longitude. Heano mamwe matanho ari nyore ekunzwisisa nekuona nzvimbo dzenguva.
1. Kushandisa Prime Meridian
Prime Meridian iri muGreenwich, London, England uye inosarudzwa se0° longitude. Nzvimbo yega yega yenguva inoyerwa nedaro rayo kubva kulongitude iyi.
2. Kupatsanurwa kweNzvimbo dzeNguva
Nyika yakakamurwa kuita nzvimbo huru dzenguva makumi maviri nemana, imwe neimwe ichimirira awa imwe iri pamberi kana kumashure kweGreenwich Mean Time (GMT). Nzvimbo huru yega yega yenguva inofukidza madhigirii gumi nemashanu e longitude. Saka, madhigirii gumi nemashanu ega ega anomiririra musiyano wenguva weawa imwe chete.
3. Kuverenga Musiyano Wenguva
Kuti uverenge musiyano wenguva pakati penzvimbo mbiri, unogona kutevera matanho aya:
- Sarudza kureba kwenzvimbo imwe neimwe.
- Verenga musiyano uripo pakati penzvimbo mbiri idzi.
– Govanisa mhedzisiro ne15 (nekuti awa imwe = 15 degrees longitude).
– Wedzera (+) kana uchifamba uchibva kuGreenwich kuenda kumabvazuva kana kubvisa (-) kana uchifamba uchibva kumadokero.
Muenzaniso weKuverenga
Semuenzaniso, Tokyo iri panzvimbo ine urefu hwe139° E, uye New York iri panzvimbo ine urefu hwe74° W.
1. Verenga musiyano uripo pakati penzvimbo:
139° + 74° = 213°
2. Kamura musiyano we longitude ne15:
213° / 15 = maawa 14.2
3. Sezvo Tokyo iri kumabvazuva kweGreenwich uye New York iri kumadokero, tinowedzera maawa gumi nemana kuTokyo.
Saka, kana nguva muGreenwich iri pakati pehusiku, nguva muTokyo iri 14:00 (2 PM) uye muNew York iri shure kwemaawa manomwe kuGreenwich, inova 17:00 (5 PM) zuva rakapfuura.
DST (Nguva Yekuchengetedza Masikati)
Nguva Yokuchengetedza Zuva (DST) inzira yekufambisa wachi mberi muchirimo uye kumashure mumatsutso kuti nguva yemasikati iwedzere munguva yezhizha. Hadzisi nyika dzese dzinocherechedza DST. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzisingacherechedzi DST dzinogona kukonzera kuvhiringidzika pakuverenga nzvimbo dzenguva, kunyanya panguva yekuchinja kwemwaka.
Zvishandiso neTekinoroji
Kuti zvive nyore, kune maturusi akasiyana-siyana anogona kushandiswa kuverenga nguva dzenzvimbo:
- Mawebhusaiti nemaApps: Sezvakaita timeanddate.com, iyo inopa karukureta yenzvimbo yenguva iri nyore kushandisa.
- Mawachi Epasirose: Wachi yenyika yedhijitari kana app inoratidza nguva iripo munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzenguva.
– Mepu yeNzvimbo Yenguva: Mepu inoratidza kupatsanurwa kwenzvimbo dzenguva pasi rese.
Mhedziso
Mapoka enguva masisitimu akagadzirirwa kubatsira kugadzirisa nguva pasi rose. Nekunzwisisa kwakakosha kwe longitude uye maverengero emusiyano wenguva kubva kuPrime Meridian, tinogona kuziva nguva zviri nyore munzvimbo dzakasiyana dzepasi. Basa guru remapoka enguva muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva uye mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana rinoratidza kukosha kwawo mukudzora mafambiro ehupenyu hwemazuva ano.
Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji nezvishandiso zvinobatsirawo kuti zvive nyore kubata nekunzwisisa kuverenga nguva, kuitira kuti tigone kushanda zvakanaka mukutaurirana nekubatanidza pasi rose.
