Kushandiswa kweGeophysics muKuchengetedza Mvura
Pendauluan
Kuchengetedza mvura ndeimwe yenyaya dzakakomba dzemuzana remakore rechi21 dzakatarisana nenyika dzakawanda pasi rose, kusanganisira Indonesia. Kuderera kwezviwanikwa zvemvura, pamwe chete nekuwedzera kwekudiwa kwemvura uye shanduko yemamiriro ekunze isingatarisirwi, zviri kukurudzira masayendisiti nevaongorori kuti vatsvage nzira itsva dzekuchengetedza nekutarisira mvura nenzira inochengetedza. Imwe nzira iri kutariswa zvakanyanya ndeyekushandisa tekinoroji ye geophysics.
Tekinoroji yeGeophysical inopa mikana mitsva yekutarisa nekunzwisisa zviwanikwa zvepasi pevhu uye kuona nzvimbo dziri panjodzi yekushaikwa kwemvura. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura mashandisirwo egeophysical mumabasa ekuchengetedza mvura, kusanganisira ongororo dzezve geology, hydrogeology, uye kushandiswa kwemidziyo yepamusoro yegeophysical.
Kuchengetedza Mvura Nematambudziko Ayo
Kuchengetedza mvura hakungogumiri pakuderedza kushandiswa kwemvura chete; kunosanganisirawo kutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura zvakakwana. Izvi zvinosanganisira kutarisa hunhu hwemvura, kugadzirisa nharaunda dzemumvura, uye kuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemvura yepasi pevhu. Nekuwedzera kwevanhu pasi rose, kukurumidza kukura kwemaguta, uye zvinodiwa nebazi rezvekurima nemaindasitiri, kumanikidzwa kwezviwanikwa zvemvura kuri kuwedzera.
Kuwanikwa kwedata rakarurama uye kunzwisisa kwakakwana kwemamiriro emvura pasi pevhu zvakakosha pakugadzira nzira dzinoshanda dzekuchengetedza. Apa ndipo panoshanda tekinoroji ye geophysics.
Tekinoroji yeGeophysics muKuchengetedza Mvura
1. Ongororo yeMamiriro eNyika neMadzi
Ongororo dzezve geology nedze hydrogeological dzakakosha pakunzwisisa mamiriro emvura pasi pevhu. Nzira dzemazuva ano dze geophysical dzakadai senzira dze seismic, electrical resistivity, uye georadar dzinoshandiswa kugadzira mamepu ane ruzivo rwakadzama pamusoro pevhu. Mamepu aya anopa ruzivo rwakakosha nezve ivhu, zvivakwa zve geological, uye kuvapo kwe aquifers (maturikirwo epasi pevhu ane mvura).
Nzira yeKutenderera: Iyi nzira inosanganisira kuyera kumhanya kwemafungu ekudengenyeka kwenyika ari kupararira muvhu nematombo. Nekuongorora data remafungu ekudengenyeka kwenyika, vaongorori vanogona kuona matombo akasiyana-siyana uye mukana wekuvapo kwemvura yepasi pevhu.
Kudzivirira kwemagetsi: Nzira dzekudzivirira kwemagetsi dzinoyera kudziviswa kwevhu kuyerera kwemagetsi. Mvura ine zvicherwa zvakanyungudutswa ine kudziviswa kwakaderera pane matombo kana ivhu rakaoma. Nekuronga kudziviswa kwevhu, vaongorori vanogona kuona nzvimbo dzine mvura inogona kudonha.
Georadar (GPR): Georadar inoshandisa mafungu emagetsi kuona zvinhu zviri pasi pevhu. Iyi nzira inonyanya kubatsira pakuona zvidimbu zvemvura zvisina kudzika, maumbirwo akaomarara e geology, uye kuvapo kwezvinosvibisa mumvura.
2. Kutarisa neKutarisira Mvura Yepasi
Kutarisira zvakanaka mvura yepasi pevhu kunoda kugara kuchiongororwa mvura yepasi pevhu. Masensa eGeophysical anoshandiswa kutarisa shanduko muhuwandu uye mhando yemvura yepasi pevhu. Matekinoroji aya anosanganisira mapiezometer anoyera kumanikidzwa kwemvura, masensa emagetsi anoyera munyu, uye tekinoroji yekutarisa yakavakirwa pasatellite.
Data rinounganidzwa kubva kumasensa aya rinozoongororwa kuti rifanotaura shanduko muzviwanikwa zvemvura. Nekutarisa nguva chaiyo, matanho ekuchengetedza anogona kutorwa nekukasika kudzivirira kudhonzwa kwakanyanya kana kuora kwemhando yemvura.
3. Kuona uye Kuderedza Kusvibiswa Kwemvura
Kusvibiswa kwemvura yepasi idambudziko guru rinogona kukanganisa hutano hwevanhu uye nharaunda. Matekiniki epasi akadai sekuongorora kwemagetsi nemakemikari ari kushandiswa pari zvino kuona manyuko ekusvibiswa asati anyanya kukuvadza zviwanikwa zvemvura.
Kuongorora Magineti: Nzira iyi inoshandiswa kuona zvinhu zvakasvibiswa zvakaita sesimbi dzinorema kuburikidza neminda yemagineti yadzinogadzira. Kuongorora uku kunobatsira zvikuru pakuongorora mapundu ane tsvina uye kuona kwakabva kusvibiswa.
Geochemistry: Kuongororwa kwemakemikari emvura kunopa ruzivo nezvemakemikari ari mumvura. Izvi zvinobatsira kuona rudzi rwekusvibiswa uye kuoma kwayo, zvichibvumira kupindira panguva yakakodzera kuderedza migumisiro yakaipa.
4. Kuenzanisa kweMadzimu
Mamodheru emvura ndiwo maturusi akakosha ekuenzanisa kuyerera kwemvura muvhu uye kunzwisisa mashandiro emvura yepasi pevhu. Matekinoroji eGeophysical anopa data rinodiwa kugadzira mamodheru akarurama, ayo anogona kuyedzwa zvichienderana nekuchinja kwemamiriro ekunze akasiyana-siyana, kushandiswa kwemvura, uye mamiriro ekutarisira zviwanikwa.
Muenzaniso uyu unobatsira pakusarudza nzira dzekuchengetedza mvura, semuenzaniso kusarudza nzvimbo dzekuchengetedza mvura yemumvura, nzvimbo dzemvura yemumvura, uye kugadzirisa mashandisirwo emvura mukurima nemaindasitiri.
5. Kugadziriswazve kweMamiriro Ezvinhu Emvura
Geophysics inoshandiswawo mukuedza kugadzirisa nharaunda dzakakuvara dzemumvura, dzakadai sedziva remvura nenzvimbo dzine mvura. Matekiniki egeophysical anobatsira mukugadzira mamepu ekugadzirisa, kuongorora kukodzera kwenzvimbo, uye kuona nzvimbo dzine mukana wekugadziriswazve munzvimbo dzekugara dzinoshanda semadziva emvura.
Semuenzaniso, nzira dzemagetsi dzinodzivirira hunyoro dzinogona kushandiswa kuona hunyoro hwevhu uye kubatsira kuona nzvimbo dzakakodzera dzekudyarazve miti yechisikigo. Miti iyi inobatsira kuchengetedza hunyoro hwevhu uye kudzoreredza mvura mumvura dziri pasi pevhu.
Chidzidzo Chekushandiswa kweGeophysics Mukuchengetedzwa Kwemvura
Chidzidzo Chekutanga: Indonesia
MuIndonesia, nzira dze geophysics dzakashandiswa kugadzira matura emvura munzvimbo dzakaoma dzakadai seEast Nusa Tenggara. Kuburikidza neongororo dzemagetsi dzinodzivirira mvura uye hydrological modelling, vaongorori vakaona zviwanikwa zvemvura zvepasi pevhu zvakakosha, izvo zvinozoshandiswa kumapurojekiti ekudiridza emunharaunda. Mapurojekiti aya akavandudza hupenyu hwevanhu vazhinji nekupa mukana wekuwana mvura inodiwa pakurima nekushandiswa kwezuva nezuva.
Chidzidzo Chechipiri: California, United States
California, inozivikanwa nekusanaya kwemvura kwakanyanya, yakashandisa tekinoroji ye geophysics pakutarisira mvura yepasi pevhu. Masisitimu ekutarisa akavakirwa pamasensa akaiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzemvura kuti vatarise huwandu hwemvura uye kuona kudzikira kwehuwandu hwemvura pasi pevhu nekukurumidza. Ruzivo urwu runoshandiswa nevakuru vemunharaunda kuti vatarisire kushandiswa kwemvura nenzira inochengetedza uye kudzivirira kudhonzwa kwemvura zvakanyanya.
Mhedziso
Kushandiswa kwetekinoroji ye geophysics mukuchengetedza mvura kunopa mhinduro chaiyo uye inoshanda yekutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinogara kwenguva refu. Nekukwanisa kuyera nekutarisa zviwanikwa zvemvura yepasi pevhu zvakadzama, tekinoroji iyi inobatsira kugadzirisa matambudziko anotarisana nawo mukuchengetedza mvura, kubva pakutarisira mvura yepasi pevhu kusvika pakuona kusvibiswa uye kugadzirisa ecosystem yemvura.
Kushandisa matekiniki epasi pevhu nenzira dzakakodzera uye dzinogara kwenguva refu kunogona kuita basa guru mukuchengetedza zviwanikwa zvemvura zvezvizvarwa zvinotevera, kuve nechokwadi chekuti nharaunda inogara kwenguva refu, uye kuvandudza hupenyu hwevanhu pasi rose. Saka, tekinoroji yepasi pevhu haisi chishandiso chakakosha chete chesainzi asiwo chinhu chakakosha pakuchengetedza chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha zvechisikigo zvehupenyu hwevanhu: mvura.
