Kushandiswa kweData reSatellite muNzira dzeGeophysical
Kuvandudzwa kwetekinoroji yekuona zviri kure kwakaita kuti data resatellite rive rimwe remanyuko akakosha eruzivo muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana zvepasi. Mu geophysics—sainzi inodzidza hunhu hwepasi uye maitiro anoshanda mairi—data resatellite rakavhura nzira itsva dzekuona zviitiko munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana kusvika pasi rose nekuvhara kwakafara, nguva nenguva, uye kushanda zvakanaka. Kunyange zvazvo tsvakiridzo ye geophysical yaimbovimba zvakanyanya neongororo dzinotora nguva uye dzinodhura, data resatellite ikozvino rinogona kushanda sekuwedzera uye kunyange gwara guru mukuronga ongororo. Chinyorwa chino chinokurukura kuti data resatellite rinoshandiswa sei munzira dze geophysical, mhando dzedata dzinowanzo shandiswa, uye mienzaniso yekushandiswa kwaro mukutsvaga zviwanikwa uye kuderedza njodzi.
Basa reData reSatellite muGeophysics
Kazhinji, nzira dze geophysical dzinovavarira kuyera ma parameter emuviri akadai se gravity fields, magnetic fields, electrical properties, uye surface deformation. Data re satellite rinobvumira kuyera zvisina kunanga uye zvakananga ma parameter aya nekuti satellite sensors dzakagadzirirwa kubata ma electromagnetic signals, shanduko munzvimbo ye surface, kana shanduko mu magnetic fields.
Chinhu chikuru chinobatsira pakudzidza nezve data resatellite ndechekuti rine ruzivo rwakakura uye kugona kwaro kuongorora nguva nenguva. Izvi zvinobatsira zvikuru pakudzidza nezvekuchinja kwepasi senge tectonic plate shifts, shanduko muhuwandu hwemvura yepasi, kudzikira kwevhu, uye kunyange shanduko muhuwandu hwechando. Saka, masatellite haangoshandi se "makamera" epasi chete asiwo sezvishandiso zvekuyera geophysical zvinokwanisa kubata zvinhu zvisina kujairika uye mafambiro enguva refu.
Mhando dzeData reSatellite Rinoenderana neGeophysics
Kushandiswa kwedata resatellite mu geophysics kunosanganisira mhando dzakasiyana dzemasensa, rimwe nerimwe riine mabasa akasiyana uye data rinobuda.
1. Mifananidzo yeMultispectral neHyperspectral Optical
Masensa ekuona akadai seLandsat, Sentinel-2, neWorldView anonyora chiedza chezuva chinoonekwa kubva pamusoro peNyika mumabhandi akawanda espectral. Mu geophysics, mifananidzo ye multispectral inoshandiswa kududzira geomorphological, surface lithology mapping, hydrothermal change identification, uye geological structure mapping se faults and folds through lineament analysis. Data re hyperspectral, kune rumwe rutivi, rine higher spectral resolution, zvichiita kuti ikwanise kuziva zvicherwa zvakananga zvichienderana nehunhu hwazvo hwespectral.
2. Radar yeAperture Yakagadzirwa Nechigadzirwa (SAR)
SAR inyanzvi inoshanda inoburitsa ma microwave uye inorekodha kuratidzwa kwawo. SAR inobatsira pakukwanisa kwayo kunyora data masikati neusiku uye kupinda mumakore, zvichiita kuti ive yakakodzera nzvimbo dzinopisa. Mu geophysics, SAR inowanzoshandiswa pakuongorora topographic, kuziva chimiro che geological, kuyera shanduko dzepamusoro nekuda kwekudonha kwevhu, kuputika, kana mafashamo, uye nzira yeInSAR (Interferometric SAR), iyo inogona kuona kuchinja kwenzvimbo pachikero che millimeter kusvika centimeter.
3. Kuedza kweSatellite Altimetry
Ma "altimeters" e "satellite" anoyera kukwirira kwegungwa kana pamusoro penyika nemazvo. Ruzivo rwe "altimetry" runoshandiswa mu "marine geophysics" kuratidza musiyano uripo mu "geoid", "sea currents", uye "sea floor form". Mapping ye "altimetry" yakavakirwa pa "bathymetric" yakakosha pakunzwisisa chimiro che "tectonic" chepasi pegungwa chine chekuita ne "mid-ocean ridges", "trenches", uye subduction zones.
4. Setiraiti Yegiravhiti
Misangano yakaita seGRACE neGOCE inoyera kusiyana kwesimba regiravhiti rePasi. Kusiyana uku kwakabatana nekupararira kwehukuru mukati mePasi uye kuchinja kwehukuru pamusoro, zvakaita sekuchinja kwenzvimbo dzakachengetwa pasi pevhu, chando chakanyunguduka, kana kuchinja kwehukuru nekuda kwekudengenyeka kwenyika kukuru. Data regiravhiti resaiti rinoshandiswa muzvidzidzo zve geodynamic, hydrology, uye kutarisa kuchinja kwehukuru hwenzvimbo.
5. Data reMagineti reSatellite
Masetiraiti emagineti anoyera kusiyana kwesimba remagineti rePasi rinobva pakati pePasi, ganda, uye ionosphere. Ruzivo urwu runobatsira pakuongorora chimiro cheganda, kuona nzvimbo dzisina kurongeka dzemagineti dzine chekuita nematombo eigneous, uye kudzidza nezve tectonics dzemudunhu. Zvisina kurongeka zvemagineti zvagara zviri zviratidzo zvakakosha mukutsvaga zvimwe zvicherwa, kunyanya izvo zvine chekuita nekugadzirwa kwemineral mumatombo mafic neultramafic.
Kubatanidzwa kweData reSatellite neNzira dzeGeophysical dzeKare
Kunyange zvazvo data resatellite rine simba, kushandiswa kwaro kunonyanya kushanda kana rakabatanidzwa nenzira dzechinyakare dze geophysical dzakadai se seismic, geoelectric, ground magnetic, kana ground gravity. Data resatellite rinogona kubatsira kutanga kwekutsvaga ne:
1. Sarudza nzvimbo yekutarisa zvichibva pachimiro chepamusoro uye shanduko.
2. Sarudza nzvimbo dzisingasvikike zvakanyanya kuitira kuti ongororo dzemumunda dzinyatso tarisa.
3. Ipa mamiriro ezvinhu munharaunda kuti utsanangure zvinhu zvisina kujairika zvemunzvimbo.
Semuenzaniso, kududzirwa kwemitsara kubva kumifananidzo ye optical kana SAR kunogona kutungamira ongororo dzemagineti epasi kuti uone maumbirwo makuru ezvikanganiso. Saizvozvowo, data reInSAR rinoratidza mapatani ekuchinja rinogona kutungamira kuiswa kwezviteshi zveGPS kana kusarudzwa kwematanho ekuongorora kwe seismic ezvidzidzo zve tectonic.
Kushandiswa Chaiko muKutsvaga neNjodzi
Kuongorora Zvicherwa neGeothermal
Mukutsvaga zvicherwa, mifananidzo ye multispectral/hyperspectral inogona kushandiswa kuona kuchinja kwe hydrothermal, izvo zvinoratidza masisitimu e mineralization. Zvicherwa zvevhu, iron oxides, uye silica zvinowanzo ratidza zviratidzo zvakasiyana zve spectral. Data re satellite magnetic ne gravity, kune rumwe rutivi, rinobatsira kunzwisisa framework ye regional tectonic inodzora nzira dze magma intrusion uye mineralization.
Kune simba remagetsi anopisa, zvivakwa zvekukanganisa uye zvakatyoka zvinoshanda senzira huru dzekutenderera kwemvura inopisa. SAR nemifananidzo yemaziso zvinogona kuratidza kurongeka kwemakomo anoputika uye chimiro chawo, nepo InSAR ichigona kutarisa kukwira kwemvura kana kuderera kwemvura mumagma bodies, izvo zvinoratidza mashandiro ehurongwa hwemagetsi anopisa. Ruzivo rwegiravhiti rune mukana wekubatsira kuona shanduko huru muhuwandu hwemvura, kunyangwe kududzirwa kwaro kuchida kungwarira.
Kuderedza Njodzi Dzepasi Pose
Kushandiswa kwedata resatellite kwakakosha zvikuru mukutarisa njodzi. InSAR inoshandiswa zvakanyanya kuyera kushanduka kwemamiriro ekunze kudengenyeka kusati kwatanga uye kwapera, kuchinja kwemepu yezvikanganiso, uye kutarisa mafambiro emakomo anoputika. Panyaya yekuderera kwevhu nekuda kwekushandiswa kwemvura yepasi pevhu, InSAR inogona kupa mamepu akadzama ehuwandu hwekuderera kwemvura, zvichigonesa hurumende kugadzira marongero ekutarisira mvura uye kuronga nzvimbo.
Kudonha kwevhu kunogonawo kuongororwa kuburikidza nekuchinja kwenzvimbo dzakavharirwa nevhu, digital elevation model (DEM)-based slope gradients, uye kuona deformation inononoka. Munzvimbo dziri kumahombekombe, altimetry ne optical imagery zvinobatsira kutarisa shanduko dziri kumahombekombe uye mafambiro egungwa ane chekuita nenjodzi yekukweshwa kana tsunami.
Matambudziko Nekuganhurirwa
Pasinei nezvakanakira zvayo, data resatellite rine miganhu. Chekutanga, kududzirwa kwedata resatellite mu geophysical kunowanzova kusina kunanga, kuchida mamodheru nefungidziro. Chechipiri, kugadziriswa kwenzvimbo nenguva kunosiyana pakati pesatellite; hazvisi zvese zviitiko zvinogona kutorwa zvakaenzana. Chechitatu, kusagadzikana kwemhepo, miti yakawanda, kana shanduko muhunyoro hwevhu zvinogona kukanganisa mhando yedata rakati, kunyanya kune sensors dzemaziso uye mamwe mashandisirwo eradar. Uyezve, kubatanidza masosi akawanda edata kunoda kugona kwakakwana kwekugadzirisa nekuongorora, zvese maererano nesoftware uye kugona kwevanhu.
Mhedziso
Kushandiswa kwedata resatellite munzira dze geophysical kwakawedzera zvakanyanya mukana wekutarisa Nyika. Kubva pamifananidzo ye optical ye surface geological mapping, SAR neInSAR yekuchinja kwe surface deformation uye dynamics, kusvika kuma satellite egravity nemagineti ekudzidza chimiro nekupararira kwehuwandu, zvese zvinobatsira zvakanyanya mukutsvaga zviwanikwa uye kuderedza njodzi. Kuenderera mberi, kusanganiswa kwedata resatellite rine resolution yepamusoro, huchenjeri hwekugadzira hwekududzira, uye kubatanidzwa neongororo dzemunda kuchawedzera kusimbisa basa rekuona kure semusana wekuongorora kwemazuva ano kwe geophysical. Nekushandisa kwakakodzera, data resatellite haringobatsiri kunzwisisa Nyika chete asiwo rinotsigira kuita sarudzo nekukurumidza uye kwakarurama kuti pave nekuchengetedzeka uye kugarika.
