Nzira dzeElectromagnetic muGeophysics
Pendauluan
Nzira dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa mu geophysics ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshandiswa kuongorora chimiro chepasi pevhu. Nzira iyi inosanganisira kuyera minda yemagetsi inokanganiswa nemagetsi uye hunhu hwemagineti hwezvinhu zviri pasi pevhu. Nzira idzi dzine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana, kusanganisira kutsvaga zvicherwa, mahydrocarbon, mvura yepasi pevhu, uye kunyange kune zvinangwa zve geotechnical zvakaita sekuferefeta nzvimbo dzekuvandudza zvivakwa. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura misimboti yekutanga yenzira dzemagetsi, mhando dzenzira dzinowanzoshandiswa, mashandisirwo adzo anoshanda, uye zvakanakira zvadzo kupfuura dzimwe nzira dze geophysical.
Nheyo dzekutanga dzeMagetsi eMagetsi
Nzira dzemagetsi dzinobva papfungwa yekuti minda yemagetsi inogona kukanganiswa nehunhu hwemagetsi hwezvinhu zviri pasi pevhu. Kana minda yemagetsi ikapinda muvhu, shanduko dziri muminda iyoyo dzinogona kuonekwa uye kuongororwa kuti pave neruzivo nezvezvivakwa zviri pasi pevhu.
Kugadzirwa kweMagetsi
Imwe yenheyo huru dzenzira dzemagetsi ndeye electromagnetic induction. Kana alternating current (AC) ikashandiswa pa coil kana loop yewaya, electromagnetic field inokonzereswa. Iyi field inobva yapinda muvhu yokonzera magetsi kana minda yechipiri, kunyanya muzvinhu zvinofambisa mhepo zvakaita semaminerari, pasi pevhu rine ionized, kana dombo rakanyorova. Iyi secondary fields inoburitsa zviratidzo zvinogona kuonekwa nezvishandiso zviri pamusoro kana mumaboreholes.
Kuramba kweMagetsi
Kudzivirira kwemagetsi kugona kwechinhu kudzivirira kuyerera kwemagetsi. Kuyera kudzivirira kwemagetsi kunopa ruzivo nezve kuumbwa kwepasi pevhu. Zvinhu zvinofambisa mhepo zvakaita sepasi pevhu kana zvicherwa zvesimbi zvinowanzova nekudzivisa kwakaderera, nepo zvinhu zvisingafambise mhepo zvakaita sedombo rakaoma zvine kukudzivirira kwakakwira.
Mhando dzeNzira dzeElectromagnetic
Kune mhando dzakasiyana dzenzira dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa mu geophysics, imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira nezvayakaipira, uye zvirevo zvadzo zvinoenderana nekushandiswa uye kudzika kwaunoda. Dzimwe dzenzira idzi dzinosanganisira:
Magnetotelluric (MT)
Magnetotellurics inzira inoshandisa nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzemuchadenga wePasi ne ionosphere. Kuyerwa kweMT kunoitwa nekuona zvikamu zvemagetsi nemagetsi pamusoro pePasi. Nzira iyi inoshanda zvikuru pakutsvaga zvakadzama uye inonyatsonzwa kusiyana kwekudzivirira pasi pevhu kusvika pakadzika kwemakiromita akati wandei. Chinhu chikuru chinoita kuti MT ikwanise kugadzira mapu ezvivakwa zve geological zvakadzika uye kuona nzvimbo dzine mineral kana hydrocarbon reservoirs.
Nguva-Domain Electromagnetic (TDEM)
Nzira yeElectromagnetic yeTime-Domain inosanganisira kutumira kupomba kwemagetsi muvhu uye kuyera mhinduro yesimba remagetsi munzvimbo yenguva. TDEM inowanzoshandiswa pakuongorora kushoma (kusvika mazana emamita) uye inonyanya kushanda pakutsvaga pasi pevhu uye zvicherwa pakadzika pakati. Chiratidzo chekupindura chinoyerwa mukati menguva mushure mekunge kupomba kwemagetsi kwapera, zvichipa ruzivo nezve chimiro chekudzivirira pasi pevhu.
Frequency-Domain Electromagnetic (FDEM)
Kusiyana neTDEM, nzira yeFrequency-Domain Electromagnetic inosanganisira kutumira chiratidzo chenguva dzose muvhu uye kuyera mhinduro yesimba remagetsi munzvimbo yemafrequency. FDEM inonyanya kushandiswa pakuferefeta kushoma uye inonyanya kubatsira mukuferefeta kwezvakatipoteredza, senge kuona kusvibiswa kana kugadzira mapu ekusvibiswa kwemvura yepasi pevhu. Mafrequency akasiyana anoshandiswa anobvumidza kuyerwa kweresistivity pakadzika kwakasiyana.
Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR)
Radar Inopinda Muvhu inoshandisa radar pulses ine frequency yakakwira kuti igadzire mapu ezvivakwa zviri pasi pevhu. GPR inoshanda zvakanyanya pakushandisa zvinhu zvisina kudzika (kusvika pamamita mashoma) zvakaita sekuchera matongo, kugadzira mapu ezvivakwa zvepasi pevhu, uye kuona zvinhu zvakaita setambo kana mapaipi. GPR ine resolution yakakwira uye inogona kupa mifananidzo yakadzama yezvikamu zvakavanzika uye zvivakwa.
Maitiro Anoshanda
Nzira dzemagetsi dzinoshandisa mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana mu geophysics nemamwe maindasitiri akafanana. Mamwe mashandisirwo anoshanda anosanganisira:
Kuongorora Zvicherwa neHydrocarbon
Imwe yenzira huru dzekushandisa ma electromagnetic inzira yekutsvaga zvicherwa nema hydrocarbon. Matekiniki akadai se magnetotellurics ne TDEM anoshandiswa kuona zvidimbu zve mineral kana ma hydrocarbon reservoirs pakadzika zvakanyanya. Ruzivo urwu runokosha zvikuru kumaindasitiri ekuchera nemafuta negasi, zvichideredza njodzi dzekutsvaga uye kuwedzera kubudirira kwekuchera.
Hydrology uye Mvura yepasi
Nzira dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswawo muzvidzidzo zvemvura nemvura yepasi pevhu. TDEM neFDEM zvinogona kushandiswa kuyera nzvimbo dzemvura dziri pasi pevhu, kuona manyuko emvura yepasi pevhu, uye kutarisa kusvibiswa kwemvura yepasi pevhu. Ruzivo urwu rwakakosha pakutarisira zviwanikwa zvemvura zvinogara kwenguva refu, kunyanya munzvimbo dzine dambudziko remvura kana kusanaya kwemvura.
Uinjiniya hweGeotechnical neVezvekuvaka
Mumainjiniya ezve geotechnical ne civil, nzira dzemagetsi dzinoshandiswa pakuongorora ivhu uye kuona matambudziko angangoitika akadai semakomba epasi pevhu, makomba epasi pevhu, kana maturikirwo evhu asina kugadzikana. Radar inopinda pasi pevhu, kunyanya, inoshandiswa pakuongorora zvinhu zvisati zvagadzirwa kuti ione zvivakwa zvepasi pevhu zvingada kudzivirirwa panguva yekuvaka.
Arkeologi
Mukuchera matongo, Ground Penetrating Radar inowanzo shandiswa kumepa nzvimbo dzekuchera matongo pasina kucherwa zvakanyanya. GPR inogona kuona zvinhu zvakaita sekuvaka madziro, makuva, uye zvinhu zvekuchera matongo zvakavigwa, zvichibvumira vanochera matongo kuronga kuchera matongo zviri nani.
Mabhenefiti eNzira yeElectromagnetic
Nzira dzemagetsi dzine zvakanakira zvakawanda pamusoro pedzimwe nzira dzepasi. Zvakanakira izvi zvinosanganisira:
Hazviparadzi
Chimwe chezvakanakira zvikuru zvenzira yemagetsi ndechekuti haiparadzi. Nzira iyi haidi kuchera kana kuchera, saka haikuvadzi nharaunda kana nzvimbo iri kuferefetwa.
Kushanda Nenguva Uye Kubudirira Kwemari
Nzira dzemagetsi dzinokurumidza uye dzinodhura zvishoma kana tichienzanisa nenzira dzekuboora kana kuchera. Ongororo dzemagetsi dzinogona kufukidza nzvimbo dzakakura munguva pfupi, zvichipa ruzivo rwakakosha rwekuongororwa kwakawedzerwa.
Kugona Kupinda
Uchishandisa minda yemagetsi, nzira iyi inogona kupinda pasi kusvika pakadzika zvakanyanya, zvichiita kuti pave nekuongorora kwakadzika uye kupa mufananidzo wakazara wezvivakwa zviri pasi pevhu.
Kuchinja-chinja
Nzira dzemagetsi dzinogona kushandiswa munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana uye mumamiriro evhu. Kubva kumasango akakora kusvika kumagwenga akaoma, nzira iyi inogona kushandiswa mumamiriro akasiyana-siyana.
Mhedziso
Nzira dzemagetsi mu geophysics zvishandiso zvinoshanda zvikuru pakuferefeta pasi pevhu. Zvichibva pamisimboti yekutanga yekuyera electromagnetic induction uye electrical resistivity, matekiniki aya anogona kupa data rinokosha rekutsvaga zvicherwa, hydrocarbon, pasi pevhu, uye mamwe mashandisirwo akawanda. Nzira dzakadai seMagnetotellurics, TDEM, FDEM, uye GPR imwe neimwe ine zvayakanakira uye mashandisirwo ayo. Nehunhu hwadzo husingaparadzi, hunoshanda, uye hunochinjika, nzira dzemagetsi ndidzo dzinonyanya kusarudzwa muongororo dzemazuva ano dze geophysical.
