Kuongororwa kweZvikamu Zvakawanda muKuongorora kweSeismic
Kuongorora kwe seismic kwave kuchizivikanwa zvakanyanya senzira huru yekutarisa zvivakwa zvepasi pevhu kwemakumi emakore, kunyanya muindasitiri yemafuta negasi, geothermal, uye engineering geology. Kazhinji, data re seismic rinowanzo nyorwa semafungu ekumanikidza kana ma P-waves chete. Zvisinei, kufambira mberi mu tekinoroji yekuwana uye kudiwa kwetsananguro yakadzama kwakakurudzira kushandiswa kwedata re multicomponent seismic—zvichireva kunyora zvinopfuura chikamu chimwe chekufamba kwepasi—kuti ubate mhinduro yakapfuma ye subsurface. Kuongororwa kwe multicomponent ikozvino inzira yakakosha yekunzwisisa lithology, pore fluids, anisotropy, uye kunyange hunhu hwekutyoka, zvese zvakaoma kubata nedata re single-component seismic.
Pfungwa huru dzeMulticomponent Seismic
Izwi rekuti multicomponent rinowanzoreva kurekodha kufamba kwezvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana munzira dzakasiyana-siyana. Mukuongorora kwenyika, ma geophone ane zvikamu zvitatu (3C) anorekodha kufamba munzira yakatwasuka (Z) uye maviri akatwasuka (X na Y). Mugungwa, kurekodha zvikamu zvakawanda kunoitwa uchishandisa masensa etambo dzegungwa-pasi (OBN/OBS) anoyera kumanikidzwa (hydrophones) uye kumhanya kwezvikamu (geophones), zvichipa rumwe ruzivo rwekugadzirisa nekududzira.
Mafungu anonyanya kukosha ekudengenyeka kwenyika panyaya iyi maP-waves nemaS-waves. MaP-waves anopararira kuburikidza nekudzvanywa uye kupararira kwenzvimbo, nepo maS-waves achisanganisira shear. MaS-waves ane nzira mbiri dzepolarization (SV neSH) dzine mhinduro dzinonyanya kunzwa anisotropy uye fracturing. Nekuda kwehunhu hwavo hwepanyama, maS-waves haagone kupararira kuburikidza nemvura yakachena, saka mhinduro yavo inomiririra frame yedombo kupfuura pore fluid. Musiyano uyu mukunzwa ndiko kunoita kuti multicomponent analysis inakidze: kusanganiswa kweruzivo rweP neS kunovandudza kugona kusiyanisa hunhu hwedombo.
Mhando dzeData muMulticomponent Seismic
Mukuongorora, mamwe marudzi edata rine zvikamu zvakawanda rinowanzo ongororwa ndeaya:
1. PP (P-to-P): Mafungu eP anoratidzwa uye anonyorwa seP, zvakaenzana nekudengenyeka kwenyika kwakajairika.
2. PS (P-to-S): Mafungu eP ayo, kana aratidzwa/achishandurwa, anoshanduka kuita mafungu eS uye anonyorwa pachikamu chakatarwa. Data rePS rinowanzonzi converted-wave seismic.
3. SS (S-to-S): Mafungu eS anoratidzwa seS, anowanzo da manyuko eS-wave (anowanzoonekwa panyika uye mune zvidzidzo zvakakosha).
4. Maitiro ekufamba kwemafungu pamusoro pemvura uye mafungu akananga: Sezvakaita Love/Rayleigh, ayo dzimwe nguva anoonekwa seruzha asi anogonawo kushandiswa pakuratidza hunhu husina kudzika.
Data rePS rinokosha zvikuru nekuti rinogona kuwanikwa neP sources dzakajairika (dzakadai sevibroseis kana airguns), nepo 3C receivers ichibvumira kubatwa kwezvikamu zveS zvakashandurwa.
Kuwana: Matambudziko uye Makiyi ekubudirira
Kubudirira kwekuongorora zvinhu zvakawanda kunoenderana zvikuru nehunhu hwekuwana. Panyika, kurongeka kwesensa yakataramuka kwakakosha: zvikanganiso zve geophone azimuth zvinogona kuvharidzira polarization yeS-wave uye kuita kuti anisotropy analysis iome. Kubatana kwesensa pasi, mamiriro akaomarara epedyo nepamusoro, uye kusiyana kwemamiriro ekunze kunowedzera matambudziko.
Mugungwa, kushandiswa kweOBS/OBN kune mukana wekukwanisa kunyora nzvimbo yemafungu yakakwana, asi kunowedzera kuoma kwekugadzirisa: kurongeka kwesensor pasi pegungwa kunofanirwa kufungidzirwa, mhedzisiro yemagetsi/kutsvedza inofanira kugadziriswa, uye kupatsanurwa kwemafungu eP neS kunoda matanho akakosha akadai sekupatsanurwa kwemafungu.
Pamusoro pezvo, magadzirirwo eongororo yezvikamu zvakawanda anowanzo funga nezvekufukidzwa kweazimuth kuri nani, sezvo ongororo yeanisotropy (semuenzaniso, anisotropy inokonzerwa nekutyoka) inobatsirwa zvikuru nekusiyana kweazimuth.
Kugadziriswa kweData reZvikamu Zvakawanda
Kugadzirisa zvinhu zvakawanda hakusi kungowedzera nzira dzedata chete. Danho rega rega rekugadzirisa rinoda kutariswa mutsauko uripo mufizikisi yekupararira kweP neS. Mamwe matanho akakosha anosanganisira:
1. Kutenderera kweZvikamu uye Kugadziriswa kweKutarisa
Mudata re3C, zvikamu zvakatarwa (X, Y) zvinowanzoda kutenderedzwa kuita sisitimu ye radial-transverse coordinate maererano negwara resource-receiver. Kutenderera uku kunobatsira kuparadzanisa SV ne SH energy, kunyanya mudata rePS. Mugungwa, mafambiro e geophones dzepasi pegungwa haawanzo kuzivikanwa uye nekudaro anofanira kuverengerwa kubva pachiratidzo (semuenzaniso, uchishandisa gwara guru re P-wave polarization).
2. Kuparadzana kweWavefield
Chinangwa chedanho iri ndechekuparadzanisa simba riri kumusoro neriri pasi, uye kuparadzanisa zvikamu zveP neS pese pazvinogoneka. MuOBC/OBS, kusanganiswa kwemahydrophone nemageophone kunobvumira kupatsanurwa kwemafungu ekumusoro neari pasi, zvichideredza kuwanda uye kuvandudza kunaka kwemufananidzo.
3. Kugadziriswa kweSimba uye Kururamisa Nzvimbo Iri Pedyo
Mafungu ari pedyo nepamusoro anowanzo kukonzera kukanganiswa kukuru mumaS-waves nekuda kwekumhanya kwawo kwakaderera uye kunzwa kwakanyanya kune kusiyana kwakadzama. Static S haisi nguva dzose yakafanana nestatic P, saka kugadzirisa PS kunoda nzira dzakakosha, dzakadai sekufungidzira nguva yekusvika kwemaS-waves akadzorwa kana nzira yekuchinja nzvimbo iri pedyo nepamusoro.
4. Kuongorora Kumhanya uye Kufamba
Kumhanya kweS kudiki pane P, saka nguva yekufamba kwePS yakareba. Kufamba kwePS hakuna kuenzana nekuti nzira dzeP neS dzakasiyana. Sarudzo yemuenzaniso wekumhanya kwePS imaging (semuenzaniso, VPS kana Vp/Vs ratio) kwakakosha kudzivirira kusaisa zvakanaka kwereflector.
5. Kutama kwePS uye Kunyoresa Zviitiko
Kutama kwePS kunowanzoitwa uchishandisa nzira yekuchinja mafungu uchishandisa maVp neVs. Kunyoresa zviitiko kunowanzoitwa mushure mezvo kuti PP nePS réflections zvienderane pahorizon imwe chete. Kurongeka uku kwakakosha pakuongorora hunhu hwejoint attribute uye inversion.
6. Kugadziriswa kweAnisotropy uye Kuparadzanisa kweShear-Wave
Munzvimbo dzeanisotropic, maS-waves anogona kupatsanurwa kuita mafungu maviri ane mafambiro akasiyana (kupatsanurwa kwemafungu). Kuongorora kupatsanurwa kunogona kushandiswa kufungidzira nzvimbo inotonga yekupwanyika uye mwero weanisotropy. Izvi zvinonyanya kubatsira muzvigadziko zvecarbonate zvakapwanyika kana mashale eanisotropic.
Dudziro uye Mabhenefiti Makuru
Kuongororwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda kunovhura mikana yakawanda yekududzira kupfuura data rePP chete:
1. Kufungidzira kweVp/Vs uye Chiratidzo cheLithology-Fluid
Chiyero cheVp/Vs iparameter yekuongorora inoenderana ne lithology uye huwandu hwemvura. Kazhinji, gasi rinogona kudzikisa Vp zvakanyanya kupfuura Vs, saka Vp/Vs inowanzo kudzikira munzvimbo dzine gasi (kunyange zvazvo kududzira kuchifanira kungwarira uye kunyorwa). Nekubatanidza ruzivo rwePP nePS, vaturikiri vanogona kugadzira mamepu eVp/Vs anobatsira kusiyanisa pakati penzvimbo dzine jecha-mudstone kana nzvimbo dzine gasi-filled nedzine mvura-filled.
2. Kutsanangurwa kweKutsemuka uye Kushushikana
Kupatsanurwa kwemafungu emvura uye kuchinja kweazimuthal mumhinduro yePS zvinogona kuratidza kupatsanurwa kwemvura uye divi rekumanikidzwa kwakanyanya kwemvura. Izvi zvinobatsira pakuronga tsime rakatwasuka, kukurudzira hydraulic, kana kuratidza kugadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzakapwanyika.
3. Mifananidzo iri pasi peGasi kana Basalt Zone
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mifananidzo yePP inokanganiswa nekuderera kana kupararira (semuenzaniso, pasi penzvimbo dzisina kudzika dzegasi kana basalt). Kushandurwa kwePS waveform dzimwe nguva kunopa imwe mifananidzo nekuda kwekusiyana kwayo. Kunyange zvazvo PS ichipawo matambudziko (frequency yakaderera, ruzha rwakanyanya), pasi pemamwe mamiriro ezvinhu inogona kuratidza maumbirwo asina kujeka muPP.
4. Zvinhu Zvine Zvikamu Zvakawanda uye Kuchinja
Kusanganiswa kwePP nePS hunhu kunobvumira ruzivo rwakawanda pamusoro pe elastic inversion: kwete chete acoustic impedance (AI) yeP-wave, asiwo shear impedance (SI) nezvimwe zvinoyera zvakaita sePoisson's ratio kana Lambda-Rho naMu-Rho (pasi pezvimwe zvinofungidzirwa). Izvi zvinosimbisa ongororo ye rock physics uye kufanotaura kwe facies.
Zvipingamupinyi Zvinoshanda uye Matambudziko
Pasinei nemabhenefiti ayo akawanda, multicomponent seismic ine zvimwe zvipingamupinyi:
- Mari yakawanda uye kuomarara (zvishandiso zve3C, OBN/OBS, zvinodiwa zveQC zvakaoma).
- Hunhu hwedata reS/PS hunowanzova hwakaderera pane PP nekuda kweruzha, kubatana, uye bandwidth yakamanikana.
- Kugadziriswa kwakaomarara: static S, anisotropy, uye kudiwa kwemamodheru eVp neVs akafanana.
- Kududzira kunoda kubatanidzwa nedata retsime, fizikisi yematombo, uye geology kudzivirira mhinduro dzisiri dzakasiyana.
Saka, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinonyanya kukosha kana zvarongwa kubva pakutanga: zvinangwa zve geological zvakajeka (semuenzaniso, kupatsanura fracture mapping, kufanotaura kweVp/Vs), dhizaini yekutenga inotsigira azimuth, uye chirongwa chekugadzirisa chatove nekufunga nezvezvinodiwa zvekududzira.
Penutup
Kuongororwa kwezvinhu zvakawanda mukutsvaga kwepasi pevhu inzira inowedzera hwindo rekutarisa pasi pevhu nekushandisa ruzivo kubva kune anopfuura mamwe marudzi emafungu uye nzira yekufamba kwezvikamu. Nekubatanidza data rePP nePS, uye kushandisa hunhu hweS-waves kune dombo, anisotropy, uye kuputsika, kuongorora zvinhu zvakawanda kunogona kuvandudza kunzwisisa kwe lithology, mvura, uye mamiriro ekumanikidzwa. Kunyange zvazvo ichida kuwanikwa kwakaoma uye kugadziriswa, kukosha kwayo kwakakosha kune zvinangwa zvakaoma uye zvinodiwa zvekutarisa reservoir. Mumamiriro ekutsvaga kwemazuva ano, ayo anoda kushanda zvakanaka uye kururama kwesarudzo, kutenderera kwezvikamu zvakawanda kunoonekwa sechishandiso chakakosha chekuderedza kusava nechokwadi uye kuvandudza mhando yekududzira pasi pevhu.
