Mabasa neZvisiri Mabasa: Kunzwisisa Pfungwa muMasvomhu
Mumasvomhu, tinowanzo sangana nepfungwa dzisinganzwisisike dzinoda kunzwisisa kwakadzama. Imwe pfungwa yakakosha asi yakakosha ndeye "basa." Pfungwa iyi haisi chete inotonga masvomhu asiwo inowanikwa muzvikamu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita sefizikisi, sainzi yemakombiyuta, uye economics. Zvisinei, kuvhiringidzika kunowanzo vapo kana tichisiyanisa mabasa neasiri mabasa. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura zvakadzama kuti basa chii, hunhu hwaro, uye kuti tingarisiyanisa sei neasiri mabasa.
Chii chinonzi Function?
Muchidimbu, basa ihukama hunobatanidza chinhu chimwe nechimwe muchikamu chimwe nechimwe nechinhu chimwe chete mune chimwe chikamu. Ngatitarisei tsananguro yaro yepamutemo:
Tsanangudzo Yepamutemo yeBasa:
Basa f kubva paseti A kuenda kuseti B mutemo unobatanidza chinhu chimwe nechimwe muA nechinhu chimwe chete muB. Chinonyorwa se \( f : A \rightarrow B \).
Nemamwe mashoko, kana tine zvinhu zviviri zvakasiyana muchikamu A, hazvifanirwe kunge zvine chekuita nechinhu chimwe chete muchikamu B.
Muenzaniso wakapfava webasa itembiricha yemuviri wemunhu (domain/seti A) uye kuyerwa kwayo mumadhigirii Celsius (range/seti B). Munhu wega wega ane chekuita netembiricha yemuviri mumwe chete. Saka, mumufananidzo uyu, basa iri rinobatanidza vanhu (domain elements) netembiricha yemuviri (codomain elements).
Hunhu Hunoshanda
Mukunzwisisa pfungwa iyi, pane zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvinofanira kuzadzikiswa nehukama kuti huonekwe sebasa:
1. Hukama huripo pakati pemaseti:
Basa rinofanira kubatanidza chinhu chimwe nechimwe chiri mudomain (source set) nechinhu chimwe chete chiri mucodomain (target set). Kana chinhu chiri mudomain chikabatana nezvinhu zvinopfuura chimwe chete mucodomain, saka harisi basa.
2. Kusafanana:
Chinhu chiri mu domain chinogona kusanganiswa nechinhu chimwe chete mu codomain. Semuenzaniso, kana f(a) = 3 uye f(a) = 5 panguva imwe chete, saka f haisi basa.
3. Domain Isina Munhu:
Mubasa, chinhu chimwe nechimwe chiri mudhomaini chinofanira kunge chine chinopindirana nacho mudhomaini, zvichireva kuti dhomaini haifanirwe kunge isina chinhu.
Harisi Basa
Hukama husingaenderane nezviratidzo zvitatu zviri pamusoro apa hunonzi hahuna basa. Kuti tinzwisise izvi zvakanyanya, ngationgororei mimwe mienzaniso chaiyo.
1. Chinhu chimwe chete muDomain chinobatanidzwa nechinhu chinopfuura chimwe chete muCodomain:
Semuenzaniso, fungidzira kuti tine hukama apo vadzidzi (domain) vanobatanidzwa nemapoinzi avo ebvunzo (codomain). Kana mudzidzi achigona kuwana mamakisi anopfuura rimwe pabvunzo imwe chete (semuenzaniso, 75 uye 90 pabvunzo imwe chete), hukama uhwu hausi basa.
2. Hazvisi Zvese Zvikamu zveDomain Zvine Peya:
Sezvambotaurwa, mubasa, zvinhu zvese zvemunzvimbo zvinofanira kunge zvine basa rinopindirana munzvimbo imwe chete. Kana chimwe chinhu chisina basa rinopindirana, saka hukama hwacho hausi basa.
Sei Kunzwisisa Basa Kwakakosha?
Kunzwisisa kwakadzama mabasa aya hakungokoshi chete mumasvomhu chaiwo asiwo mumashandisirwo mune mamwe mabasa akasiyana-siyana:
1. Sainzi yeKombuta:
Mabasa ndiwo hwaro hwekuronga mapurogiramu, zvishandiso zvatinoshandisa kuvaka maalgorithms akarongeka. Kuita mabasa kunotibvumira kunyora kodhi iri nyore kunzwisisa uye iri nyore kunzwisisa.
2. Fizikisi:
Zvinhu zvakawanda zvechisikigo uye mitemo yefizikisi zvinoratidzwa maererano nemabasa. Semuenzaniso, mutemo waNewton wekutonhora unogona kuratidzwa sebasa rekupisa kana nguva.
3. Hupfumi:
Mabasa anoshandiswa mumhando dzezvehupfumi kufanotaura hukama huripo pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvakaita semari inowanikwa uye kushandiswa kwayo.
Kumiririrwa Kwebasa
Mabasa anogona kumiririrwa mumhando dzakasiyana-siyana, zvichienderana nezvinodiwa uye mamiriro ezvinhu:
1. Tafura:
Mabasa anogona kumiririrwa nematafura anoratidza mapeya ezvinhu zvedomain necodomain. Semuenzaniso, tafura inoratidza tembiricha yezuva nezuva (domain) uye huwandu hwema ice cream cones anotengeswa (codomain).
2. Girafu:
Magirafu ebasa ndeimwe yenzira dzinoshanda zvikuru dzekumiririra mabasa. Pagirafu, domain inowanzo ratidzwa ne x-axis uye codomain ne y-axis. Basa igrafu inopasa bvunzo yemutsetse wakamira—ndiko kuti, mutsetse wega wega wakamira unopindirana negirafu panzvimbo imwe chete chaiyo.
3. Equation:
Chimiro chebasa chealgebraic ndiyo nzira inonyanya kushandiswa mumasvomhu kuratidza basa. Semuenzaniso, basa remutsara \( f(x) = mx + c \) kana basa requadratic \( f(x) = ax^2 + bx + c \).
Mienzaniso yeMabasa neMamwe Mabasa Asiri
Ngatitarisei mimwe mienzaniso yekujekesa kunzwisisa kwedu mabasa:
Muenzaniso wechishanu:
– Basa: Tine seti A = {1, 2, 3} uye seti B = {4, 5, 6}. Basa \( f \) rinotsanangura kuti \( f(1) = 4 \), \( f(2) = 5 \), uye \( f(3) = 6 \).
– Haisi Basa: Kana \( f \) ichitsanangura kuti \( f(1) = 4 \) uye \( f(1) = 5 \), hukama uhwu huri pachena kuti hausi basa nekuti chinhu chimwe chete mudhomaini chakabatana nezvinhu zvinopfuura chimwe mudhomaini.
Muenzaniso wechishanu:
- Basa: Mudzidzi (domain) anobatanidzwa nechiratidzo chake chebvunzo (codomain).
– Haisi Basa: Mudzidzi mumwe chete haafanire kuva nemapoinzi maviri akasiyana pabvunzo imwe chete. Kana paine mapoinzi maviri, hukama hwacho hausi basa.
Mhedziso
Kubva pane tsananguro iri pamusoro, tinogona kuona kuti basa ipfungwa huru mumasvomhu inowana mashandisirwo akawanda muzvidzidzo zvakasiyana-siyana. Basa rinobatanidza chinhu chimwe nechimwe chiri muchikamu chedomini nechinhu chimwe chete chiri muchikamu chedomini. Kana hukama hukatadza kuzadzisa hunhu uhu, harisi basa. Kunzwisisa musiyano uripo pakati pebasa nerisiri basa kunopa hwaro hwakasimba hwekudzidza masvomhu uye mashandisirwo anoshanda muhupenyu hwezuva nezuva.
