Kubatsira Kwakaita Physiotherapy Mukurapa Kwekukuvara Kweuropi
Kukuvara kweuropi—kungave kwetsaona, kudonha, sitiroko, kana zvimwe zvirwere zvinokanganisa tsinga dzeuropi—kunogona kuchinja zvakanyanya zvinhu zvakawanda muhupenyu hwemunhu. Kukanganisa uku kunopfuura kufamba-famba kusvika pakuenzana, kubatana, kuziva, manzwiro, uye kugona kuita mabasa ezuva nezuva. Munzira inowanzo tora nguva refu uye zvishoma nezvishoma yekupora, physiotherapy inoita basa rakakosha sechikamu chekugadziriswa kwemuviri wevanhu vakawanda kubatsira varwere kuti vadzore kushanda kwavo, kuzvimiririra, uye hupenyu hwakanaka.
Kunzwisisa kukuvara kweuropi nematambudziko ekupora
Kukuvara kweuropi kunogona kukamurwa kuva kukuvara kweuropi kunokonzerwa nekukuvara kweuropi (TBI), uko kunowanzoitika nekuda kwekukuvadzwa kwakasimba, uye kukuvara kweuropi kusingakuvadzi senge sitiroko, bundu, hutachiona, kana kushaikwa kweokisijeni (hypoxia). Rudzi rwese rwekukuvara rune hunhu hwakasiyana uye migumisiro, asi kazhinji kunokonzera matambudziko akafanana, akadai sekushaya simba kune rumwe rutivi rwemuviri (hemiparesis), matambudziko ekuenzanisa, shanduko muchimiro chetsandanyama (spasticity kana kuomarara), kusagadzikana kwekubatana, kuneta, uye kunetseka kufamba.
Kupora kubva mukukuvara kweuropi hakusi nguva dzose kwakarongeka. Panogona kuva nenguva dzekufambira mberi nekukurumidza kwekutanga, kwozononoka, kana kutochinja-chinja zviratidzo zvichienderana nemamiriro emuviri uye epfungwa, kunaka kwekurara, kurwadziwa, uye rutsigiro rwezvakatipoteredza. Saka, chirongwa che physiotherapy chinofanira kugadzirwa chimwe nechimwe uye kugadziriswa nguva nenguva zvichienderana nemhinduro yemurwere uye zvinangwa zvaanoda.
Basa guru re physiotherapy mukugadzirisa kukuvara kweuropi
Kurapa nemuviri (physiotherapy) kunovavarira kuvandudza mashandiro emuviri nehunyanzvi hwemuviri kuburikidza nekurovedza muviri kwakarongeka uye kupindira. Mukupora kwekukuvara kweuropi, physiotherapy inowanzo tarisa pane zvinotevera:
1. Dzorera kudzora kufamba uye simba remhasuru
Kukuvara kweuropi kunogona kukanganisa "mirairo" yeuropi kumhasuru, zvichikonzera kufamba kusina simba, kunononoka, kana kusarongeka. Vanachiremba vemuviri vanobatsira kudzidzirazve maitiro ekutanga ekufamba-famba—sekusimudza ruoko, kusima tsoka, kumira wakatwasuka—kuburikidza nekudzokorora, kugadzirisa mamiriro emuviri, uye kurovedza muviri zvishoma nezvishoma.
2. Kuvandudza kuenzana uye kubatana
Zvirwere zvepatsinga kana matambudziko ekubatanidza manzwiro zvinogona kuita kuti varwere vawe nyore nyore, vanzwe dzungu, kana kutya kufamba. Kurapa muviri kunopa kudzidziswa kwekuenzanisa kwakasimba uye kwakasimba, senge kumira nerutsigiro rwakasiyana, kuchinja nzvimbo, kufamba panzvimbo dzakasiyana, uye maekisesaizi ekubatanidza maoko netsoka.
3. Kugona kufamba nechitima (kudzidzira kufamba)
Varwere vazhinji vanochinja kufamba: nhanho pfupi, kuzununguka, mabvi akaomarara, kana kurerekera kurutivi. Vanachiremba vemuviri vanoongorora maitiro ekufamba uye vanovadzidzisazve vachishandisa nzira dzakatarwa, dzimwe nguva vachibatsirwa nezvishandiso zvakaita sevanofambisa, tsvimbo, orthoses dzetsoka dzemakumbo (AFOs), matreadmill ane rutsigiro rwemuviri, kana tekinoroji ye biofeedback.
4. Gadzirisa kusimba kwemapfupa uye kuomarara kwemajoini
Kusimba kwetsandanyama kunowedzera kusimba kwetsandanyama kunokonzera kuomarara uye mafambiro mashoma, kazhinji kunoitika mumaoko kana makumbo mushure mekurwara nestroke kana TBI. Kurapa nemuviri kunogona kubatsira kuburikidza nekutambanudza kwakanangana, maekisesaizi ekufamba-famba, matekiniki ekuisa makumbo panzvimbo, maekisesaizi ekushanda, uye dzidzo yekudzivirira kuvharika kwetsandanyama (kupfupika kwetsandanyama zvachose). Mune zvimwe zviitiko, varapi vemuviri vanoshanda navanachiremba pakurapa senge majekiseni echepfu ebotulinum, ayo anozosimbiswa neekisesaizi.
5. Wedzera kutsungirira uye kugwinya
Varwere vakakuvara muuropi vanowanzo sangana nekuneta kwakanyanya. Kurapa muviri kunobatsira kuvakazve kutsungirira kuburikidza nekurovedza muviri kwakanyatsoongororwa, uchishandisa nzira dzakachengeteka uye dzakanyatsochengetedzwa. Kuwedzera kugwinya kunobatsira varwere kutora chikamu mune zvimwe zviitiko zvekuvandudza hutano hwavo uye kuchengetedza maitiro avo ezuva nezuva vasina kuneta.
6. Dzidzisai muripo uye nzira dzekuchengetedza
Haasi ese mabasa anopora zvachose. Vanachiremba vemuviri vanobatsira varwere kuwana nzira dzakachengeteka uye dzinoshanda dzekuita mabasa, akadai sekumuka pamubhedha, kutamiswa kubva pachigaro kuenda pawiricheya, kukwira masitepisi, kana kudzora njodzi yekudonha. Dzidzo iyi inopiwawo kumhuri kana vatarisiri kuti vawane rutsigiro rwakakodzera.
Nheyo huru: kusimba kwetsinga dzeropa uye tsika ine chinangwa
Chimwe chikonzero chinoita kuti kurapwa kwemuviri kuve kwakakosha zvikuru mukupora kwekukuvara kweuropi ipfungwa ye neuroplasticity, kugona kweuropi kugadzirisa nekugadzirisa hukama hutsva. Neuroplasticity "inokonzerwa" nekudzokorora, mabasa chaiwo, uye maekisesaizi akaoma padanho rakakodzera. Izvi zvinoreva kuti maekisesaizi haasi ekufambisa makumbo chete, asi kudzidzira mabasa anodiwa nemurwere - sekumira kuti akweshe mazino ake, kufamba achienda kuchimbuzi, kana kusvika atora girazi.
Nemaitiro aya, varapi vemuviri vanowanzoisa zvinangwa zvenguva pfupi uye zvenguva refu zvinoyerwa. Semuenzaniso, "mira wega kwemaminitsi maviri," "famba mamita gumi netsoka," kana "kwira masitepisi mashanu uchitarisirwa." Zvinangwa zvakajeka zvinobatsira kutarisa kufambira mberi uye kuchengetedza chirongwa chekurovedza muviri chakakodzera.
Matanho ekurapa muviri kubva padanho rekukurumidza kusvika padanho remunharaunda
Kupora kwekukuvara kweuropi kunowanzo pfuura nematanho akati wandei, uye zvinodiwa zve physiotherapy zvinochinja zvinoenderana neizvi:
– Acute phase (muchipatara): Tarisa pakudzivirira matambudziko akadai sekuomarara kwemajoini, maronda ekumanikidzwa, kudzikira kwesimba remapapu, uye kushaya simba nekuda kwekuzorora kwenguva refu pamubhedha. Kurovedza muviri zvishoma, kufamba nekukurumidza kana zvakachengeteka, uye kurovedza muviri kufema zvinogona kuitwa sezvinodiwa.
– Subacute phase (intensive rehabilitation): maekisesaizi anowanzo shanda zvakanyanya uye anowanzo shandiswa, achinangana nemabasa ekutanga akadai sekugara, kumira, kutamisa muviri, kufamba, uye kubatana. Munguva iyi, kuwanda uye simba remaekisesaizi anowanzo wedzera zvishoma nezvishoma.
– Chikamu chenguva refu (kurapwa kunze kwechipatara/nharaunda): chinotarisa pakuvandudza kuzvimiririra kwenguva refu, kugwinya, kudzokera kubasa kana kuchikoro, uye mabasa akaomarara. Zvirongwa zvekurovedza muviri kumba uye kurovedza muviri nguva dzose zvakakosha kuti munhu arambe achifambira mberi.
Mamwe matekinoroji uye nzira dzekurapa physiotherapy
Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, physiotherapy yekupora kukuvara kweuropi inogona kutsigirwa netekinoroji yakaita se:
- Kukurudzirwa kwemagetsi kubatsira kumutsa dzimwe tsandanyama mumamiriro asina simba.
– Treadmill ine rutsigiro rwemuviri rwakakwana kuti ukwanise kurovedza muviri wakachengeteka.
- Kurapa nerobhoti kunobatsirwa nekufamba-famba kwakanyanya, kunyanya mukufamba kana maekisesaizi emaoko.
- Chokwadi chaicho uye biofeedback kudzidzisa kuenzana uye kubatana pamwe chete nemhinduro dzinoonekwa.
Zvisinei, tekinoroji haitsivi kudzorerwa kwemuviri. Kubudirira kuchiri kuenderana nekuongorora kwekiriniki kwechiremba wezvekurovedza muviri, kurovedza muviri nguva dzose, uye kubatanidzwa mumabasa ezuva nezuva.
Kushandira pamwe kwenyanzvi dzakasiyana-siyana: physiotherapy haishande yega
Kupora kwekukuvara kweuropi kunonyanya kunaka kana kuchiitwa pamwe chete nedzimwe nhengo dzechikwata chekurapa, kusanganisira nyanzvi dzekurapa, vanachiremba vezvekurapa, vanachiremba vezvekutaura, vanachiremba vepfungwa, uye vanamukoti. Kurapa muviri kunotarisa pane mativi emuviri uye kufamba-famba, nepo kurapwa kwebasa kuchibatsira nemabasa ezuva nezuva uye mashandiro emaoko, kurapwa kwekutaura kunotarisa pakutaurirana nekumedza, uye vanachiremba vepfungwa vanotsigira kugadziriswa kwemanzwiro nepfungwa. Kurongeka kwevashandi pamwe chete kunoita kuti chirongwa chirambe chakafanana uye chinotarisa zvinodiwa nemurwere zvakakwana.
Basa remhuri nemabasa epamba
Mhuri dzinoita basa guru mukuvandudza mafambiro emuviri. Vanachiremba vemuviri vanowanzopa chirongwa chekurovedza muviri chiri nyore asi chakarongeka, pamwe chete nenhungamiro dzekuchengetedza. Rutsigiro rwemhuri runobatsira varwere kuti varambe vachikurudzirwa, vatevedzere maekisesaizi, uye vaderedze njodzi yekukuvara zvakare. Zvakakosha, maekisesaizi epamba anofanira kuitwa sezvakarairwa—kwete zvakawanda zviri nani—sezvo kurovedza muviri zvakanyanya kunogona kutungamira kuneta, kurwadziwa, kana kuwedzera spasticity mune vamwe varwere.
Physiotherapy inotanga kuratidza mhedzisiro riini?
Nguva yekupora inosiyana uye inokonzerwa nekuoma kwekukuvara, zera, mamwe mamiriro ehutano, rutsigiro rwevanhu, uye kusimba kwekurapwa. Vamwe varwere vanoratidza kuvandudzika kukuru mukati memavhiki, nepo vamwe vachida mwedzi kana makore. Kurapa muviri kunobatsira kuona kuti chikamu chega chega chekupora chinowedzerwa uye kuti hunyanzvi hwakawanikwa hunochengetwa kwenguva refu.
Mhedziso
Kurapa nemuviri chinhu chakakosha mukupora kwekukuvara kweuropi, zvichibatsira varwere kuvakazve simba, kuenzana, kubatana, uye kugona kufamba, uku vachidzivirira matambudziko akadai sekuomarara nekudonha. Kuburikidza nekurovedza muviri kwakanangana, kudzokorora kwakarurama, uye nzira yekurapa nepfungwa, physiotherapy inotsigira uropi nemuviri mukugadzirisa, kudzidzazve, uye kuwana nzira dzakachengeteka uye dzinoshanda zvakanyanya. Nekubatsirana kwechikwata chekurapwa, rutsigiro rwemhuri, uye kugara uchiita tsika, mikana yekuwanazve rusununguko uye kurarama hupenyu hune chinangwa inowedzera zvakanyanya.
Kana muchida, ndinogonawo kugadzirisa chinyorwa ichi kuti chienderane nevateereri vakasiyana (varwere, mhuri, vadzidzi vehutano) kana kuwedzera chikamu chine "mienzaniso yekurovedza muviri iri nyore uye yakachengeteka" yechikamu chega chega chekupora.
