Mhedzisiro yeHormone yeInsulin paGlucose Metabolism
Pendauluan
Insulin ihormone inogadzirwa nemasero e beta mupancreas, kunyanya muzvitsuwa zveLangerhans. Iyi hormone inoita basa guru mu metabolism yemuviri, kunyanya mukugadzirisa huwandu hweshuga muropa. Glucose ndiyo sosi huru yesimba kumasero evanhu. Simba iri rinoita kuti mabasa akasiyana-siyana emuviri ashande zvakanaka. Kuchengetedza huwandu hweshuga muropa hwakaenzana kwakakosha, uye apa ndipo panoita insulin basa rakakosha. Muchinyorwa chino, tichakurukura zvakadzama kuti insulin inokanganisa sei metabolism yeshuga uye zvazvinoreva kuhutano hwevanhu.
Basa reInsulin Hormone Mumuviri
Insulin ine mabasa akati wandei akakosha mumuviri. Chimwe chezvinhu zvinonyanya kukosha kubatsira glucose kupinda mumasero. Glucose inobva muchikafu chatinodya inopinda muropa, zvichiwedzera huwandu hweshuga muropa. Nekuti masero anoda glucose senzvimbo yesimba, zvakakosha kuva nenzira inodzora kupinda kweglucose mumasero aya. Apa ndipo panoshanda insulin.
Mushure mekudya, huwandu hweshuga muropa hunokwira. Insulin inoburitswa nepancreas ichipinda muropa. Homoni iyi inobatsira masero emuviri kutora shuga kubva muropa, zvichideredza huwandu hweshuga muropa kusvika pahwakajairika. Insulin inoitawo basa mukuchengetedza shuga seglycogen muchiropa netsandanyama uye inodzivisa kuputsika kweglucose kuita shuga.
Maitiro Ekuita kweInsulin Pakuchinja Kweglucose
Insulin inoshanda kuburikidza nema-insulin receptors ari pamusoro pesero. Kana insulin yakabatana nema-receptor ayo, inokonzera maitiro akasiyana-siyana emakemikari mukati mesero. Chimwe chinhu chakakosha ndechekuita kuti maenzymes anobatanidzwa mukugadzirwa kweglucose. Semuenzaniso, insulin inomutsa enzyme inonzi glucokinase muchiropa netsandanyama, iyo inokonzeresa kushandurwa kweglucose kuita glucose-6-phosphate, danho rekutanga mukuchengetedza glucose se glycogen.
Pamusoro pezvo, insulin inodzivisawo enzyme inonzi glucose-6-phosphatase, iyo inoshandura glucose-6-phosphate kuita glucose muchiropa, zvichideredza kuburitswa kweglucose muropa. Nenzira iyi, insulin inobatsira kudzikamisa huwandu hweglucose muropa.
Kukanganisa Kushaikwa kweInsulin: Chirwere cheshuga Mellitus
Dzimwe nguva, muviri haugone kugadzira insulin yakakwana kana kuti haugone kushandisa insulin zvinobudirira. Izvi zvinogona kukonzera kukanganisa kukuru mukugadzirwa kweglucose mumuviri kunozivikanwa sediabetes mellitus. Kune mhando mbiri huru dzechirwere cheshuga: Type 1 neType 2.
1. Chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwekutanga: Ichi chirwere chinokonzerwa ne autoimmune umo masoja emuviri anorwisa nekuparadza masero e beta mupancreas, zvichidzivirira kugadzirwa kwe insulin. Glucose haigone kupinda mumasero nekuti hapana insulin yekuvhura musuwo, zvichikonzera kuti glucose irambe iri muropa uye zvichikonzera hyperglycemia.
2. Chirwere cheshuga cherudzi rwechipiri: Chinhu chikuru chinoratidza chirwere ichi kusakwanisa kuita insulin, uko masero emuviri asingachakwanisi kupindura insulin. Kunyangwe pancreas ichiri kugadzira insulin, hormone iyi haishande sezvainofanira. Mukupindura, pancreas inoedza kugadzira insulin yakawanda. Pakupedzisira, pancreas haigone kuramba ichienderana nekuwedzera kwekuda kwe insulin, zvichikonzera hyperglycemia.
Glycogen uye Mafuta Akasanganiswa
Kuwedzera pakuchinja zvakananga glucose metabolism, insulin inoitawo basa guru mukuchengetedza nekushandisa simba kwenguva refu, kureva kuburikidza neglycogen nemafuta metabolism.
– Kuchengetwa kweGlycogen: Muchiropa netsandanyama, shuga yakawandisa inochengetwa seglycogen kuburikidza nekuita kweglycogenesis. Kana muviri uchida simba uye huwandu hweglucose muropa hwaderera, glycogen inogona kupatsanurwa kuita shuga kuburikidza neglycogenolysis. Insulin inokurudzira glycogenesis uye inodzivisa glycogenolysis.
– Kugayiwa kweMafuta: Insulin inokurudzirawo kugadzirwa kwemafuta acid uye kuchengetwa kwemafuta mumafuta. Kana huwandu hweinsulin hwakwira (semuenzaniso, mushure mekudya), muviri unowanzo chengeta simba semafuta. Kusiyana neizvi, kana huwandu hweinsulin hwaderera (semuenzaniso, panguva yekutsanya), muviri unoputsa mafuta kuita mafree fatty acids, ayo anogona kushandiswa sesimba.
Kukosha kweKliniki neKurapa
Kunzwisisa zvakakwana mashandiro anoita insulin pakuchinja kweglucose metabolism kwakakosha mukurapa chirwere cheshuga nezvimwe zvirwere zvine chekuita nazvo. Semuenzaniso, varwere vane chirwere cheshuga cheType 1 vanoda jekiseni re insulin rekunze kuti vatarisire huwandu hweglucose muropa ravo. Muchirwere cheshuga cheType 2, kurapwa kunowanzo tanga nekuchinja mararamiro akadai sekudya uye kurovedza muviri, zvichiteverwa nemishonga inowedzera kunzwa kwe insulin, senge metformin, kana kuti inokurudzira kuburitswa kwe insulin kubva mupancreas.
Mhedziso
Homoni inonzi insulin inoita basa guru mukudzora mashandiro eglucose mumuviri. Kuburikidza nenzira yakaoma, insulin inobatsira kudzikisa huwandu hweglucose muropa nekubatsira kupinda kweglucose mumasero, kuichengeta seglycogen, uye kudzivirira kuburitswa kwayo muropa. Kana insulin ikakanganisika, semuchirwere cheshuga, mashandiro eglucose mumuviri anokanganiswa, zvichikonzera migumisiro yakaipa pahutano.
Kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita insulin kunotibatsira kunzwisisa mamiriro aripo emuviri uye kugadzira nzira dziri nani dzekuchengetedza huwandu hweshuga muropa. Nekufambira mberi kwesainzi netekinoroji, tinotarisira kuti pachava nekuvandudzwa kwakawanda mukurapa zvirwere zvine chekuita nekusashanda zvakanaka kwe insulin, zvichititungamira kunharaunda ine hutano.
