Nzira yekubvisa chepfu mumuviri neChiropa
Chiropa chimwe chezvikamu zvikuru uye zvakakosha mumuviri wemunhu. Kunze kwekuita basa rakakosha mukugadzirwa kwemetabolism uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvakakosha zvakaita semapuroteni nemahormone, chiropa chinoshandawo senzvimbo huru yekubvisa chepfu mumuviri. Kubvisa chepfu mumuviri inzira yekubvisa zvinhu zvine chepfu kana zvinokuvadza mumuviri, zvinogona kubva kunzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzakadai sechikafu, zvinwiwa, mishonga, uye nharaunda. Chinyorwa chino chichakurukura zvakadzama nzira dzekubvisa chepfu mumuviri pachiropa.
Maumbirwo uye Mashandiro eChiropa
Chiropa chiri kumusoro kurudyi kwedumbu, pasi pe diaphragm. Nhengo iyi ine chimiro chakaoma uye inoumbwa nemasero akasarudzika anonzi hepatocytes. Hepatocytes zvinhu zvakakosha mukubvisa tsvina mumuviri. Chimiro chechiropa chinosanganisirawo mitsipa yeropa, ducts dze bile, uye connective tissue, izvo zvinobatsira mukuyerera kweropa nebile uye zvinotsigira mashandiro emetabolism.
Maitiro Ekubvisa Chepfu Muropa
Maitiro ekubvisa chepfu mumuviri muchiropa akakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvitatu zvikuru: chikamu chekutanga, chikamu chechipiri, uye chikamu chechitatu. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe chine nzira dzakasiyana dzekubvisa zvinhu zvine chepfu mumuviri.
Chikamu I: Kuchinja
Kubvisa chepfu muchikamu chekutanga kunosanganisira maitiro e enzyme anoderedza chepfu yemamorekuru kana kuagadzirira kuti agadziriswe zvakare muchikamu chechipiri. Maitiro echikamu chekutanga anosanganisira oxidation, reduction, uye hydrolysis. Ma enzymes anobatanidzwa muchikamu chino anonyanya kuve nhengo dzemhuri ye cytochrome P450 (CYP450).
Cytochrome P450
Cytochrome P450 iboka guru rema enzymes anobatsira pakuoxidation yemakemikari e organic. Anowanikwa mumasero echiropa, kunyanya mu endoplasmic reticulum. Basa guru reCYP450 nderekugadzirisa chimiro chemakemikari ezvinhu zvine chepfu kuburikidza nekuoxidation. Semuenzaniso, ma enzymes aya anogona kuisa maatomu eokisijeni muma hydrocarbon molecules kuti agadzire hydroxides, ayo anonyungudika mumvura uye anobviswa nyore nyore mumuviri.
Mahara eRadicals
Maitiro ekubvisa chepfu mumuviri muchikamu chekutanga anogadzirawo mafree radicals. Mafree radicals mamorekuru anokurumidza kukuvadza masero emuviri. Saka, zvakakosha kuti chikamu chekutanga chitevererwe nekukurumidza nechikamu chechipiri kuti chibvise mafree radicals pamwe chete nezvimwe zvinobuda maari, zvichidzivirira kukuvara kwacho.
Chikamu chechipiri: Kubatanidzwa
Mushure mekunge zvinhu zvine chepfu zvashandurwa muchikamu chekutanga, zvinoenda kuchikamu chechipiri, uko zvinosangana nemaitiro ekubatana. Maitiro aya anowedzera mapoka epolar akadai seglucuronic acid, sulfate, amino acids, kana glutathione kune chinhu chine chepfu. Kuwedzerwa kwemapoka aya kunoita kuti chepfu ichi chinyungudike mumvura, zvichiita kuti zvive nyore kuburitsa kubva mumuviri muweti kana bile.
Kugadziriswa kweGlucuronidation
Mukuita uku, glucuronic acid inowedzerwa kune molekyuri ine chepfu kuburikidza nekushanda kweenzyme UDP-glucuronosyltransferase. Maitiro aya ndeimwe yenzira dzakajairika dzekubatanidza muviri. Semuenzaniso, bilirubin, chigadzirwa chekuputsika kwehemoglobin, inogadziriswawo kuburikidza nenzira yeglucuronidation yekuburitsa mumuviri.
Kunyungudutsa
Kufanana neglucuronidation, sulfation inosanganisira kuwedzera boka resulfate kune chinhu chine chepfu. Zvinhu zvinowanzogadziriswa kuburikidza nesulfation zvinosanganisira mahormone esteroid, mimwe mishonga, uye ma neurotransmitters.
Kubatanidzwa neGlutathione
Glutathione imhando yetripeptide inoumbwa nemaamino acid matatu: glutamate, cysteine, uye glycine. Maitiro ekubatanidza glutathione anosanganisira kuwedzerwa kweboka reglutathione kune chinhu chine chepfu ne enzyme glutathione S-transferase (GST). Kuita uku kwakakosha nekuti glutathione ine simba rekuchengetedza antioxidant uye inogona kubvisa chepfu muzvinhu zvine chepfu zvinokwezva maerekitironi.
Chikamu Chechitatu: Kubvisa
Danho rekupedzisira rekubvisa chepfu mumuviri nderekuburitswa kwemvura mumuviri, uko zvinhu zvakagadziriswa uye zvakanyungudika mumvura zvinobviswa mumuviri. Kuburitswa kwemvura kunogona kuitika kuburikidza neweti kana nyongo. Munyongo, zvinhu zvine chepfu zvinotakurwa kubva pachiropa kuenda kunyongo uye zvozoenda kudumbu, uko zvinobviswa mutsvina.
Kubviswa kwemvura kuburikidza neWeti
Zvinhu zvine chepfu zvinenge zvabatanidzwa zvinonyungudika mumvura uye zvinoburitswa kuburikidza neitsvo dziri muweti. Itsvo dzinoshanda senzira huru yekusefa muviri, dzichibvisa tsvina uye dzichichengetedza mwero wemvura neelectrolyte.
Kubviswa kweropa kuburikidza neBile
Dumbu rinogadzirwa nehepatocytes uye rine zvinhu zvine chepfu zvakagadzirwa uye mamwe marara anobviswa mumuviri. Dumbu rinotakurwa kuenda kunduru rozoburitswa muura hudiki. Zvinhu izvi zvinozoburitswa mumuviri zviri mutsvina.
Zvinhu Zvinokanganisa Kubviswa Kwetoxin Muropa
Kushanda zvakanaka uye kugona kwekubvisa chepfu muchiropa kunogona kukanganiswa nezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana, zvinosanganisira majini, zera, kudya, mararamiro, uye mamwe mamiriro ehutano.
genetics
Kusiyana kwemajini kunogona kukanganisa mashandiro ema enzymes ekubvisa chepfu mumuviri, kunyanya ayo ari mumhuri ye cytochrome P450. Kuwanda kwemajini muma enzymes aya kunogona kukonzera mutsauko muhuwandu hwemetabolism yezvinhu zvine chepfu, zvichizopedzisira zvakanganisa njodzi yemunhu yekukuvadzwa kana zvimwe zvirwere zvine chekuita nemakemikari.
dhayeti
Kudya kunovaka muviri kunoita basa guru mukubvisa tsvina mumuviri. Semuenzaniso, chikafu chine ma antioxidants akawanda, akadai semichero nemiriwo, chinogona kurwisa migumisiro ye free radicals inogadzirwa panguva yekubvisa tsvina mumuviri muchikamu chekutanga. Uyezve, kudya miriwo yakaita se broccoli ne kale kwakaratidzwa kuti kunowedzera kushanda kwema enzymes ekubvisa tsvina mumuviri muchikamu chechipiri.
Mararamiro
Zvinhu zvakaita sekunwa doro, kusvuta fodya, uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza zvinogonawo kukanganisa kugona kwechiropa kubvisa tsvina mumuviri. Semuenzaniso, doro rinogona kukonzera kukuvara kwechiropa uye kukanganisa mashandiro ema enzymes ekubvisa tsvina mumuviri. Nokudaro, kuderedza kunwa doro uye kudzivirira kusangana nemakemikari anokuvadza kwakakosha pakuchengetedza kushanda kwekubvisa tsvina muchiropa.
Mamiriro Ehutano
Zvimwe zvirwere, zvakaita sechirwere chechiropa chisingaperi, hemochromatosis, uye zvirwere zve metabolic, zvinogona kukanganisa mashandiro ekubvisa chepfu muchiropa. Kurapa uye kutarisira zvirwere izvi kwakakosha kuti muviri urambe uchikwanisa kubvisa chepfu mumuviri.
Mhedziso
Chiropa chikamu chakakosha mukubvisa chepfu mumuviri. Kuburikidza nenzira yekubvisa chepfu mumuviri ine zvikamu zvitatu—kuchinja, kubatana, uye kuburitsa—chiropa chinokwanisa kugadzirisa nekubvisa zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvine chepfu mumuviri. Maitiro aya anosanganisira ma enzymes akawanda uye maitiro akaomarara emakemikari. Kuti chiropa chirambe chiine hutano uye chibudise chepfu mumuviri, zvakakosha kudya chikafu chakaringana, kudzivirira zvinhu zvinokuvadza, uye kuchengetedza mararamiro ane hutano. Zvinhu zvemajini nemamiriro ehutano aripo zvinoitawo basa guru mukugona kubvisa chepfu mumuviri uye zvinogona kukanganisa maitiro emuviri kuzvinhu zvine chepfu. Senhengo inokosha, kuchengetedza hutano hwechiropa kunobatsirawo kuhutano hwemuviri wese.
